CN112282350B - High-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure support-free construction method - Google Patents
High-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure support-free construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112282350B CN112282350B CN202011037976.8A CN202011037976A CN112282350B CN 112282350 B CN112282350 B CN 112282350B CN 202011037976 A CN202011037976 A CN 202011037976A CN 112282350 B CN112282350 B CN 112282350B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
- E04B1/3505—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block characterised by the in situ moulding of large parts of a structure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G13/00—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
- E04G13/02—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for columns or like pillars; Special tying or clamping means therefor
- E04G13/021—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for columns or like pillars; Special tying or clamping means therefor for circular columns
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
- E04B2001/3572—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using templates or jigs to set out buildings or parts thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure unsupported construction method, which comprises the steps of 1, template detachment; step 2, determining a template supporting scheme; step 3, optimizing the spatial geometric coordinates of the template; step 4, erecting the template on site; and 5, pouring concrete, maintaining and removing a formwork. The invention simplifies the structure of the formwork system, reduces the construction difficulty, reduces the construction temporary measures, can adjust the radian of the opening fastening device according to the cylinders with different radiuses so as to adapt to the cylinder structures with different sizes and radians, is convenient for repeated use, reduces the measure cost, improves the construction efficiency, and thus effectively improves the comprehensive construction benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete structure construction, in particular to a high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure non-support construction method.
Background
At present, large-scale urban venues are widely applied at home and abroad and meet the requirements of space functions and external modeling, and the structure is often unique in shape and novel in modeling and has the characteristics of special-shaped space curved surfaces, large overhang, large inclination angle and the like. When the novel structure is brought, the structure form of a conventional building is broken through by the structure, the diameter of the cylinder is gradually changed along the height, the space presents the characteristics of special shape of a curved surface, large cantilever, large inclination angle and the like, the formwork body system is in a high-altitude cantilever state during construction, and simultaneously bears bending, shearing and twisting effects, the stress system is complex, the construction difficulty is very large, and particularly for an open type cylinder structure, the annular stress system is damaged, the stress at the opening is concentrated, the local deformation is increased, and the construction difficulty is increased.
The traditional floor-type supporting scaffold system, an internal steel skeleton or steel wire rope and an external floor-type supporting scaffold combined 'internal pulling and external jacking' type supporting system can be well suitable for camber and curved surface structures, but when the structure height is higher, the problem of lateral stress of the external supporting scaffold in the high altitude cannot be well solved, and meanwhile, with the increase of the height, the measure cost rapidly rises, the construction period is prolonged, the safety risk is increased, so that the traditional floor-type supporting scaffold system is difficult to popularize and apply when the height is higher; in the barrel and the high-rise structure, formwork systems such as a slip form, a creeping formwork and a turning formwork are mainly adopted at home and abroad aiming at the construction of the curved concrete wall, the maturity of the system is higher, and particularly, the system has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and the like in high-rise and super high-rise structures with little change of the cross section shape.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure unsupported construction method;
in order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized as follows:
a high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure unsupported construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, splitting a template;
according to the geometric shape of a curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure, taking 'direct arc instead of arc' as a basic idea, dividing a cylinder into a plurality of vertical bar trapezoidal templates by adopting templates within a range of finding errors by adjusting the geometric position of an external curtain wall space, and determining the size of the templates through computer lofting calculation to ensure the space effect after template removal;
(1) Vertically splitting the template; the barrel structure is split in layers according to the requirements of vertical appearance geometry and precision by using straight curves instead of curves, and the vertical curve effect is ensured after splitting.
(2) The template is circumferentially split; after the cylinder structure template is vertically split, splitting the circumferential template of each section of cylinder structure; firstly, determining the upper side length W of a single vertical strip-shaped trapezoidal template according to the precision requirement T Then according to the top edge perimeter C of the layer of curved surface cylinder concrete structure T Calculating the number of the template splitting sections required by the cylinder structure: n = C T /W T After n is obtained by calculation, the length C of the bottom edge is calculated B Determining the lower extent W of a single vertical bar-shaped trapezoidal template B ：W B =C B N, further solving the geometric dimension of each vertical strip-shaped trapezoidal template;
(1) Determining a preliminary scheme of a template support system;
the template support system consists of an annular fastening system, a radial fastening system and an opening fastening system. The annular fastening system prevents the problems of mold expansion and the like in the concrete pouring process, the radial fastening system prevents the concrete cylinder from integrally inclining outwards, and the opening fastening system aims at reducing the local deformation of the cylinder near the opening;
1) A circumferential fastening system; battens are arranged on the inner side of the inner mold and the outer side of the outer mold along the edge of the vertical clinging template and used as secondary ridge stiffening ribs, arc-shaped reinforcing steel bars are arranged on the outer sides of the inner and outer battens at intervals up and down along the periphery of the cylinder and used as main ridges, counter-pulling screw rods are arranged along the cylinder at intervals, the arc-shaped reinforcing steel bars are tensioned, and the battens are clamped;
2) A radial fastening system; a temporary fixing column is arranged at the center position in the curved surface cylinder, and the bottom of the fixing column is welded or bolted with an embedded part extending out of the floor plate to ensure the connection and fastening; steel wire ropes are arranged in layers at intervals along the periphery of the barrel, one ends of the steel wire ropes are tied with the temporary fixing columns at one ends of the outer side templates, and the steel wire ropes are ensured to be fastened to form an umbrella-shaped stress system;
3) An open fastening system; reinforcing the template near the opening by adopting a special opening fastening device; the opening fastening device consists of a fastening horizontal rod piece system and a fastening vertical rod piece system, the fastening device is tightly fastened and connected with a batten through a fastening chuck, the fastening chuck is connected with the horizontal rod piece system through a bolt with adjustable length, and the length of the bolt is adjusted through a rotary adjusting head. After the fastening chuck is tightly propped against the batten, the batten is connected in a split manner through split screws.
(2) Establishing a corresponding finite element analysis model according to the template splitting form in the step 1 and the preliminary scheme of the template support system in the step 2 (1);
(3) Simulating the construction process according to the conditions of construction conditions, process loads and the like, checking the strength and deformation values of the preliminary scheme, and if the requirements of the specification are not met, adjusting the parameters in the preliminary scheme in the step 2 (1) until the requirements are met;
(1) Obtaining the coordinate value of the template at the connecting node of the steel wire rope after concrete pouringX s1 With corresponding initial design node coordinatesX s0 Coordinate difference between themDX s =X s1 -X s0 ；
(2) To be provided withDX s Calculating the deformation of the current finite element model before concrete pouring for the displacement boundary conditionD d ；
(3) Will deformD d Reverse superposition to template initial design coordinatesX 0 Obtaining the updated spatial coordinates of the templateX=X 0 -D d ；
(4) In terms of spatial coordinatesXRe-establishing a finite element model, analyzing and calculating, and ensuring the difference value between the space coordinate and the design coordinate of the barrel after constructionDXOtherwise, repeating the step 3 (1) and the step 3 (2) until the error range is met.
(1) Processing strip-shaped inner and outer die units; fastening the vertical bar trapezoidal inner and outer templates split in the step 1 with the wood square secondary edge, and processing into strip-shaped inner and outer mold units which are long along the height direction of the cylinder body;
(2) Bottom roughening and paying off positioning;
1) Roughening the contact bottom surface of the shear wall of the cylinder body according to the standard requirement, and repeatedly measuring the elevation;
2) According to the drawing requirements, paying off and positioning on site, determining a center point of a curved surface cylinder, and paying off according to the center of the circle to obtain an inner mold control line and an outer mold side line;
(3) Installing a top die;
1) Determining the shape and size of the upper floor according to the shape of each section of the cylinder structure, and manufacturing a top die in a processing area;
2) According to the positioning and elevation of the top plate, a top mold supporting scaffold is erected and a top mold is temporarily fixed;
(4) Installing an internal mold;
1) Before construction, fixing pieces are pre-embedded and arranged at intervals along the periphery at the top of the current floor plate and inward at a certain distance from the inner side of the cylinder;
2) Installing a strip-shaped internal mold unit from the circumferential middle part of the cylinder, fixing the upper end of the strip-shaped internal mold unit with the top mold, and fastening the middle part and the lower part of the strip-shaped internal mold unit with a pre-embedded fixing piece by using a steel wire rope in a pulling manner; the inner molds are pushed from the middle part to the two ends in the circumferential direction in a analogized way, and all the inner molds are installed;
(5) Binding steel bars;
binding steel bars in the cylinder body according to the specification and design requirements, fastening the middle parts of the steel bars and the pre-embedded fixing pieces through steel wire rope tie, and welding the top parts of the steel bars and the steel bars of the top plate or fastening the top parts of the steel bars and the steel bars of the top plate through iron wires;
(6) Installing an external mold and a side mold;
1) Firstly, a strip-shaped outer mold unit reinforced by a radial steel wire rope is arranged in the middle of the circumferential direction of a cylinder body, one end of the radial steel wire rope is connected with a temporary fixing column, and the other end of the radial steel wire rope penetrates through an inner mold and a steel bar and then is connected with the strip-shaped outer mold unit to ensure temporary fastening;
2) Then, mounting adjacent strip-shaped external mold units reinforced by radial steel wire ropes by using a similar method;
3) Installing strip-shaped outer die units between the strip-shaped outer die units which are installed in the steps 1) and 2);
4) Installing the arc-shaped steel bar main ridges corresponding to the strip-shaped outer mold units, synchronously installing the corresponding inner mold unit arc-shaped steel bar main ridges, and temporarily fastening by using a counter-pulling screw rod to realize temporary fixation of the outer mold units;
5) According to the steps, the steps are analogized in sequence, the outer die is pushed from the middle part in the circumferential direction to the two ends in the circumferential direction, and all the outer dies are installed;
6) Finally, installing side molds at two ends;
(7) Reinforcing the template;
according to the template space positioning obtained by calculation in the step 3, adjusting and fastening the radial steel wire rope to ensure that the template positioning is within an error range; then fastening all the opposite-pulling screw rods to finish the reinforcement of the template;
and 5, pouring concrete, maintaining and removing a formwork.
The high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure support-free construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and 2, in the determination of the template supporting scheme, when the steel wire rope is connected with the template, the steel wire rope should penetrate through the inner template and the outer template, the steel wire rope should be fixedly connected with the stiffening secondary batten of the template on the outer side of the outer template, and steel pipes and other members with high strength and rigidity should be added at the joint to locally reinforce the batten so as to prevent the joint from being locally damaged by high stress.
The high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure support-free construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 2, in the determination of the template supporting scheme, the steel wire ropes should be uniformly distributed along the periphery of the cylinder, the intervals cannot be too large, and the opening parts should be properly encrypted;
the high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure support-free construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step 2 and the determination of the template supporting scheme, the horizontal rod piece system and the fastening vertical rod piece system in the special opening fastening device are assembled and connected through bolts so as to be convenient to disassemble, assemble and transport.
The high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure support-free construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step 2, in the determination of the template supporting scheme, during simulation, the working conditions of synchronous pouring and asynchronous pouring are considered layer by layer according to a planned concrete pouring sequence, simulation analysis is respectively carried out, and the most unfavorable working condition value is taken;
the high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure support-free construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 3, optimizing coordinate difference in the spatial geometric coordinates of the templateDXThe adopted discrimination criteria are: max { | coordinate difference | } is less than or equal toRWherein | the coordinate difference | represents an absolute value of the coordinate difference;Rin order to allow for the error to be tolerated,R=f S ×D，Dthe maximum allowable value of verticality, vertical error and the like in construction required by national relevant specifications,f S in order to be a precision factor, the method comprises the following steps of,f S ≤1.0。
the high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure support-free construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step 4, in the step (5) of binding the steel bars erected on the site of the template, the planar size of the cylinder body changes layer by layer, so that the number of the steel bars changes when the intervals of the steel bars are the same, and the number of the steel bars is changed by a steel bar inserting method.
The high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure support-free construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step 5, in the concrete pouring, the maintenance and the form removal, the pouring points of the concrete are not less than 2, the concrete is symmetrically and uniformly distributed on the periphery of the cylinder body, the concrete is symmetrically and simultaneously poured during pouring, and the pouring height of each time is not more than 0.5m; the curing strength of the concrete should be determined according to the projection distance of the outward inclination of the cylinder body, and then the side mold is removed according to the specification requirement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) An umbrella-shaped split structure system is adopted, the self-balancing principle of construction load is fully utilized, and the problem of overlarge horizontal load in the construction process is ingeniously solved.
2) Through simulation analysis, the deformation value of the cylinder template is obtained in advance, a reverse pre-deviation measure is adopted, the shape of the template is conveniently adjusted by adjusting the distance between the central stand column and the circular template, and the forming precision of the cylinder structure can be greatly improved.
3) The problem of slant atress that the concrete was camber under the dead weight load effect during effectively having solved the barrel construction, avoided the difficult problem that outside diagonal brace high altitude was difficult to establish among the traditional handicraft, can effectively overcome the high limit simultaneously, effectively reduce the measure expense, construction period is showing and is promoting, and the safety risk reduces.
4) The outer side supporting system is avoided, the professional cross operation of civil engineering, equipment and the like is effectively reduced, and the field construction organization management is facilitated.
5) The opening fastening device can effectively reduce stress concentration at the opening and reduce local deformation; meanwhile, the device is assembled and connected through bolts, so that the device is convenient to disassemble and assemble and easy to transport; meanwhile, the fastening chuck is connected with the horizontal rod piece system through a screw rod with adjustable length, and the radian of the opening fastening device can be adjusted according to barrels with different radiuses, so that the opening fastening device is suitable for barrel structures with different sizes and radians, is convenient to reuse, and reduces the measure cost.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the cylinder structure;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a 4-5 layered cylinder structure;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a 4-5 layered cartridge structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a vertically disassembled template;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vertical bar ladder template;
FIG. 6 is a schematic layout of a formwork support system;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the opening fastening device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the opening fastening device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a concrete placement sequence;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the strip-shaped inner and outer mold units;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the connection between the inner mold and the fixing member.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1: a preferred embodiment of the invention is a tube structure of a venue, the building height is 32.30 meters, the vertical surface is in a curved surface shape, and a vertical force transmission system is formed by 13 hyperbolic concrete tubes and concrete columns, wherein the hyperbolic concrete tubes and the concrete columns are different in shape. As shown in figure 1, the diameter of the cylinder body is gradually changed along the height, the diameter is large at the top and small at the bottom, the diameter of the largest cylinder body is 10m at one layer, the diameter of the five layers is 23.6m, the maximum inclination angle reaches 56 degrees, the thickness of the shear wall is 400mm, and the opening part of the cylinder body is 1/4 of the whole circumference as shown in figures 2 and 3. The formwork system is simultaneously subjected to bending, shearing and twisting during construction, the stress system is complex, great challenges are brought to safety, quality, construction period and the like in actual construction, and construction difficulty is great.
Taking the maximum cylinder between 4 layers and 5 layers of the engineering as an example, the cylinder concrete structure unsupported construction method of the engineering is explained, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, splitting a template.
(1) And vertically splitting the template. The cylinder structure is split in layers according to the vertical geometric and precision requirements and by replacing a straight cylinder with a curved cylinder, and the engineering cylinder is split into 5 sections along the vertical direction, wherein each section is a section, as shown in figure 4.
(2) And (5) circumferentially splitting the template. Firstly, determining the upper side length W of a single vertical bar-shaped trapezoidal template according to the precision requirement T The engineering value is 500mm, and then the top edge perimeter C of the layer of curved surface cylinder concrete structure is determined T Calculating the number of the template splitting sections required by the cylinder structure, wherein the project is n = C T /W T =πd/W T (= pi) +484) + 2/500=154, after n is calculated, the length C of the bottom edge is used B Determining the lower extent W of a single vertical bar-shaped trapezoidal template B ：W B = CB/n = pi (7700 + 484) × 2/154=334mm. As shown in fig. 5.
And 2, determining a template supporting scheme.
(1) And determining a template support system preliminary scheme.
1) And (5) a ring-shaped fastening system. As shown in fig. 6, battens 3 are arranged on the inner side of the inner mold and the outer side of the outer mold and are tightly attached to the edge of the template 5 along the vertical direction to serve as secondary ridge stiffening ribs, arc-shaped reinforcing steel bars 6 are arranged on the outer sides of the inner and outer battens 3 at intervals up and down along the periphery of the cylinder body to serve as main ridges, counter-pulling screw rods 4 are arranged along the cylinder body at intervals, the arc-shaped reinforcing steel bars 6 are tensioned, and the battens 3 are clamped;
2) A radial fastening system. As shown in fig. 6, a temporary fixing column 1 is arranged at the center inside the curved-surface cylinder, and the bottom of the fixing column 1 is welded with an embedded part extending out of a floor plate to ensure connection and fastening. Set up wire rope 2 drawknot outside template 5 and centre of a circle temporary fixation post 1 according to the layer along barrel periphery certain distance, wire rope 2 sets up 4 layers along barrel periphery evenly distributed, every 5 degrees sets up one altogether, forms "umbelliform" shape to ensure wire rope 2 fastening. When the steel wire rope 2 is connected with the formwork 5, the steel wire rope 2 should penetrate through the inner formwork 5 and the outer formwork 5, the outer side of the outer formwork is fixedly connected with the formwork stiffening secondary batten 3, and the steel pipe 7 is additionally arranged at the joint to locally reinforce the batten so as to prevent the joint from being locally damaged by large stress. A temporary fixing column 1 is arranged at the center position in the curved surface barrel, an embedded part is reserved in advance, and the root of the temporary fixing column and the embedded part are fixedly fixed firmly in a welding mode.
3) An open fastening system. As shown in fig. 7, the formwork near the opening is reinforced by a special opening fastening device 8.
The opening fastening device 8 is composed of a fastening horizontal rod piece system 81 and a fastening vertical rod piece system 85, the fastening device 8 is tightly fastened with the batten 3 through a fastening chuck 84, the fastening chuck 84 is connected with the horizontal rod piece system 81 through a bolt 83 with adjustable length, and the length of the bolt 83 is adjusted through rotating an adjusting head 82. As shown in fig. 8, after the tightening chuck 84 is pressed against the batten 3, it is coupled by the split screw 4. The components of the fastening horizontal rod system 81 and the fastening vertical rod system 85 are assembled and connected through bolts so as to be convenient to disassemble, assemble and transport.
(2) Establishing a corresponding finite element analysis model according to the template splitting form in the step 1 and the preliminary scheme of the template support system in the step 2 (1);
(3) As shown in FIG. 9, the concrete pouring sequence is determined, 4 pouring points are arranged along the periphery of the cylinder, d1 and d4 are poured simultaneously, and d2 and d3 are poured simultaneouslyAnd (5) pouring, wherein the pouring height is not more than 0.5m each time. In simulation, the permanent loads considered include the template deadweight G 1k Steel bar dead weight G 3k And the pressure G of the newly poured concrete to the side surface of the template 4k Variable load includes the load Q generated when pouring concrete 3k And wind load w k . When the template structure system is subjected to strength checking calculation, the permanent load polynomial coefficient value is 1.2, and the variable load polynomial coefficient value is 1.4; when the deformation is checked, the load subentry coefficients all take on 1.0. According to a planned concrete pouring sequence, the working conditions of synchronous pouring and asynchronous pouring are considered layer by layer, simulation analysis is respectively carried out, and the most unfavorable working condition value is taken;
and (3) checking the strength of the preliminary scheme and the maximum deformation value of the surface of the cylinder, and if the strength of the preliminary scheme and the maximum deformation value of the surface of the cylinder do not meet the standard requirements, adjusting the preliminary scheme in the step 2 (1) until the requirements are met.
And 3, optimizing the spatial geometric coordinates of the template.
(1) Obtaining the coordinate value of the template at the connecting node of the steel wire rope after concrete pouringX s1 With corresponding initial design node coordinatesX s0 Coordinate difference between themDX s =X s1 -X s0 ；
(2) To be provided withDX s Calculating the deformation of the current finite element model before concrete pouring for the displacement boundary conditionD d ；
(3) Will deformD d Reverse superposition to template initial design coordinatesX 0 Obtaining updated spatial coordinates of the templateX=X 0 -D d ；
(4) In terms of spatial coordinatesXRe-establishing the finite element model, analyzing and calculating to obtain the difference value between the space coordinate and the design coordinate of the barrel after constructionDX；
(5) Judging the coordinate differenceDXWhether the error requirement is met:
coordinate differenceDXThe adopted criteria are: max { | coordinate difference | } is less than or equal toRWherein | the coordinate difference | represents an absolute value of the coordinate difference;Rin order to allow for the error to be tolerated,R=f S ×D，Dthe maximum allowable value of verticality, vertical error and the like in construction required by national relevant specifications,f S in order to be a precision factor, the method,f S =0.9。
if not, returning to the step 3 (1) until meeting.
And 4, erecting the template on site.
(1) And (4) processing the strip-shaped inner and outer die units. As shown in fig. 10, the vertical bar trapezoidal template 5 split in step 1 and the batten 3 are fastened together by nails and processed into strip-shaped inner and outer die units which are long along the height direction of the cylinder.
(2) Bottom roughening and paying off and positioning.
1) And roughening the contact bottom surface of the shear wall of the cylinder body according to the standard requirement, and repeatedly measuring the elevation.
2) And (4) paying off and positioning on site according to the requirements of the drawing, determining a center point of the curved surface cylinder, and paying off according to the center point to obtain an inner mold control line and an outer mold sideline.
(3) And (6) installing a top die.
1) And determining the shape and size of the upper floor according to the shape of each section of the cylinder structure, and manufacturing a top die in a processing area.
2) And according to the positioning and elevation of the top plate, erecting a top mold supporting scaffold and temporarily fixing the top mold.
(4) And (6) installing the internal mold.
1) As shown in fig. 11, fixing pieces J are pre-embedded at intervals along the periphery at the top of the current floor inward at a certain distance from the inner side of the cylinder.
2) The strip-shaped internal mold unit is installed from the middle part of the circumferential direction of the cylinder, the upper end of the strip-shaped internal mold unit is fixed with the top mold, and as shown in fig. 11, the middle part and the lower part are fastened by a steel wire rope S and a pre-embedded fixing piece J in a pulling mode. And the pushing is performed from the middle part to the two ends in the circumferential direction, and all the internal molds are installed.
(4) And (6) binding the steel bars.
And binding the steel bars in the cylinder body according to the specification and design requirements, fastening the middle parts of the steel bars and the pre-embedded fixing pieces J by using steel wire ropes S in a binding manner, and welding and fastening the top parts of the steel bars and the top plate steel bars.
(5) And (5) installing an outer die and a side die.
1) Firstly, a strip-shaped outer mold unit reinforced by a radial steel wire rope is arranged in the middle of the circumferential direction of the cylinder, as shown in fig. 6, one end of a radial steel wire rope 2 is connected with a temporary fixing column 1, and the other end of the radial steel wire rope penetrates through the inner mold and the steel bar and then is connected with the strip-shaped outer mold unit, so that temporary fastening is ensured.
2) And then installing adjacent strip-shaped external mold units reinforced by radial steel wire ropes in a similar way.
3) And (3) installing the strip-shaped outer die units between the strip-shaped outer die units which are installed in the steps 1) and 2).
4) Installing the arc-shaped steel bar main ridges 6 corresponding to the strip-shaped outer mold units, synchronously installing the corresponding inner mold unit arc-shaped steel bar main ridges, and temporarily fastening by using the opposite-pulling screw rods 4 to realize temporary fixation of the outer mold units.
5) And (4) according to the steps, sequentially pushing from the middle part in the circumferential direction to the two ends in the circumferential direction, and installing all the outer dies.
6) And finally, installing side dies at two ends.
(6) And (5) reinforcing the template.
And (4) according to the template space positioning obtained by calculation in the step (3), adjusting and fastening the radial steel wire rope (2) to ensure that the template positioning is within an error range. And then all the opposite-pulling screw rods 4 are fastened to finish the reinforcement of the template.
And 5, pouring concrete, maintaining and removing a formwork.
As shown in fig. 9, the concrete is poured at 4 points, the 4 points are symmetrically and uniformly poured at the same time, and the pouring height is not more than 0.5m each time. The projection span of the outward inclination of the cylinder body is 4.128m, the concrete is cured to be more than 75% of the design strength, and then the template is removed.
The construction method can show that:
1) An umbrella-shaped split structure system is adopted, the self-balancing principle of construction load is fully utilized, and the problem of overlarge horizontal load in the construction process is ingeniously solved.
2) Through simulation analysis, the deformation value of the cylinder template is obtained in advance, a reverse pre-deviation measure is adopted, the shape of the template is conveniently adjusted by adjusting the distance between the steel wire rope between the neutral stand column and the circular template, and the forming precision of the cylinder structure can be greatly improved.
3) The problem of slant atress that the concrete was camber under the dead weight load effect during effectively having solved the barrel construction, avoided the difficult problem that outside diagonal brace high altitude was difficult to establish among the traditional handicraft, can effectively overcome the high limit simultaneously, effectively reduce the measure expense, construction period is showing and is promoting, and the safety risk reduces.
4) The outer side supporting system is avoided, the professional cross operation of civil engineering, equipment and the like is effectively reduced, and the on-site construction organization and management are facilitated.
5) The opening fastening device can effectively reduce stress concentration at the opening and reduce local deformation; meanwhile, the device is spliced and connected through bolts, so that the device is convenient to disassemble and assemble and easy to transport; meanwhile, the fastening chuck is connected with the horizontal rod piece system through a screw rod with adjustable length, and the radian of the opening fastening device can be adjusted according to barrels with different radiuses, so that the opening fastening device is suitable for barrel structures with different sizes and radians, is convenient to reuse, and reduces the measure cost.
Claims (1)
1. A high-altitude large-cantilever curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure support-free construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, splitting a template;
according to the geometric shape of a curved surface open type cylinder concrete structure, taking 'direct arc instead of arc' as a basic idea, dividing a cylinder into a plurality of vertical bar trapezoidal templates by adopting templates within a range of finding errors by adjusting the geometric position of an external curtain wall space, and determining the size of the templates through computer lofting calculation to ensure the space effect after template removal;
(1) Vertically splitting the template; the barrel structure is split in layers according to the requirements on the vertical appearance geometry and precision by replacing a straight curve, and the vertical curve effect is ensured after splitting;
(2) The template is circumferentially split; after the cylinder structure template is vertically split, each section of cylinder structure is subjected to separationCarrying out circumferential template splitting; firstly, determining the upper side length W of a single vertical bar-shaped trapezoidal template according to the precision requirement T Then according to the top edge perimeter C of the layer of curved surface cylinder concrete structure T Calculating the number of the template splitting sections required by the cylinder structure: n = C T /W T After n is obtained by calculation, the length C of the bottom edge is calculated B Determining the lower extent W of a single vertical bar-shaped trapezoidal template B ：W B =C B N, further solving the geometric dimension of each vertical strip-shaped trapezoidal template;
step 2, determining a template supporting scheme;
(1) Determining a preliminary scheme of a template support system;
the formwork support system consists of an annular fastening system, a radial fastening system and an opening fastening system, the annular fastening system prevents the problem of formwork expansion in the concrete pouring process, the radial fastening system prevents the concrete cylinder from integrally inclining outwards, and the opening fastening system aims at reducing the local deformation of the cylinder near the opening;
1) A circumferential fastening system; battens are arranged on the inner side of the inner mold and the outer side of the outer mold along the edge of the vertical clinging template and used as secondary ridge stiffening ribs, arc-shaped reinforcing steel bars are arranged on the outer sides of the inner and outer battens at intervals up and down along the periphery of the cylinder and used as main ridges, counter-pulling screw rods are arranged along the cylinder at intervals, the arc-shaped reinforcing steel bars are tensioned, and the battens are clamped;
2) A radial fastening system; a temporary fixing column is arranged at the center position in the curved surface barrel, and the bottom of the fixing column is welded or bolted with an embedded part extending out of the floor plate to ensure connection and fastening; steel wire ropes are arranged in layers at intervals along the periphery of the barrel, one ends of the steel wire ropes are tied with the temporary fixing columns at one ends of the outer side templates, and the steel wire ropes are ensured to be fastened to form an umbrella-shaped stress system;
3) An open fastening system; reinforcing the template near the opening by adopting an opening fastening device; the opening fastening device consists of a fastening horizontal rod piece system and a fastening vertical rod piece system, the opening fastening device is tightly clamped by a fastening chuck to fasten and connect a batten, the fastening chuck is connected with the horizontal rod piece system through a bolt with adjustable length, and the length of the bolt is adjusted through rotating an adjusting head; after the fastening chuck is tightly propped against the batten, the batten is connected in a split manner through split screws;
(2) Establishing a corresponding finite element analysis model according to the template splitting form in the step 1 and the preliminary scheme of the template support system in the step 2 (1);
(3) Simulating the construction process according to the construction working condition and the process load condition, checking the strength and the deformation value of the preliminary scheme, and if the strength and the deformation value do not meet the standard requirements, adjusting the parameters in the preliminary scheme in the step 2 (1) until the requirements are met;
step 3, optimizing the spatial geometric coordinates of the template;
(1) Obtaining the coordinate value of the template at the connecting node of the steel wire rope after concrete pouringX s1 With corresponding initial design node coordinatesX s0 Coordinate difference between themDX s =X s1 -X s0 ；
(2) To be provided withDX s Calculating the deformation of the current finite element model before concrete pouring for the displacement boundary conditionD d ；
(3) Will deformD d Reverse superposition to template initial design coordinatesX 0 Obtaining the updated spatial coordinates of the templateX=X 0 -D d ；
(4) In terms of spatial coordinatesXRe-establishing a finite element model, analyzing and calculating, and ensuring the difference value between the space coordinate and the design coordinate of the barrel after constructionDXIf the error range is within the error range specified by the specification, otherwise, repeating the step 3 (1) and the step 3 (2) until the error range is met;
step 4, erecting the template on site;
(1) Processing strip-shaped inner and outer die units; fastening the vertical bar trapezoidal inner and outer templates split in the step 1 with the wood square secondary edge, and processing into strip-shaped inner and outer mold units which are long along the height direction of the cylinder body;
(2) Bottom roughening and paying off positioning;
1) Roughening the contact bottom surface of the shear wall of the cylinder body according to the standard requirement, and repeatedly measuring the elevation;
2) Paying off and positioning on site according to the requirements of a drawing, determining a center point of a curved surface cylinder, and paying off according to the center point to obtain an internal mold control line and an external mold side line;
(3) Installing a top die;
1) Determining the shape and size of the upper floor according to the shape of each section of the cylinder structure, and manufacturing a top die in a processing area;
2) According to the positioning and elevation of the top plate, a top mold supporting scaffold is erected and a top mold is temporarily fixed;
(4) Installing an internal mold;
1) Before construction, fixing pieces are pre-embedded and arranged at intervals along the periphery at the top of the current floor plate and inward at a certain distance from the inner side of the cylinder;
2) Installing a strip-shaped internal mold unit from the circumferential middle part of the cylinder, fixing the upper end of the strip-shaped internal mold unit with the top mold, and fastening the middle part and the lower part of the strip-shaped internal mold unit with a pre-embedded fixing piece by using a steel wire rope in a pulling manner; the inner molds are pushed from the middle part to the two ends in the circumferential direction in a analogized way, and all the inner molds are installed;
(5) Binding steel bars;
binding steel bars in the cylinder body according to the specification and design requirements, fastening the middle parts of the steel bars and the pre-embedded fixing pieces through steel wire rope tie, and welding the top parts of the steel bars and the steel bars of the top plate or fastening the top parts of the steel bars and the steel bars of the top plate through iron wires;
(6) Installing an external mold and a side mold;
1) Firstly, a strip-shaped outer mold unit reinforced by a radial steel wire rope is arranged in the middle of the circumferential direction of a cylinder body, one end of the radial steel wire rope is connected with a temporary fixing column, and the other end of the radial steel wire rope penetrates through an inner mold and a steel bar and then is connected with the strip-shaped outer mold unit to ensure temporary fastening;
2) Then, installing adjacent strip-shaped external mold units reinforced by radial steel wire ropes by the method;
3) Installing strip-shaped outer die units between the strip-shaped outer die units which are installed in the steps 1) and 2);
4) Installing arc-shaped steel bar main ridges corresponding to the strip-shaped outer mold units, synchronously installing corresponding inner mold unit arc-shaped steel bar main ridges, and temporarily fastening by using counter-pulling screws to realize temporary fixation of the outer mold units;
5) According to the steps, the steps are analogized in sequence, the outer die is pushed from the middle part in the circumferential direction to the two ends in the circumferential direction, and all the outer dies are installed;
6) Finally, installing side molds at two ends;
(7) Reinforcing the template;
according to the template space positioning obtained by calculation in the step 3, adjusting and fastening the radial steel wire rope to ensure that the template positioning is within an error range; then fastening all the opposite-pulling screw rods to finish the reinforcement of the template;
step 5, pouring concrete, maintaining and removing a formwork;
step 2, in the determination of the formwork supporting scheme, when the steel wire rope is connected with the formwork, the steel wire rope should penetrate through the inner formwork and the outer formwork, the steel wire rope should be fixedly connected with the formwork stiffening secondary batten on the outer side of the outer formwork, and the steel pipe should be added at the joint to serve as a member with higher strength and rigidity to locally reinforce the batten so as to prevent the joint from being damaged by larger local stress;
step 2, in the determination of the template supporting scheme, the steel wire ropes should be uniformly distributed along the periphery of the cylinder, the intervals cannot be too large, and the opening parts should be properly encrypted;
in the step 2 and the determination of the template supporting scheme, the fastening horizontal rod piece system and the fastening vertical rod piece system in the opening fastening device are assembled and connected through bolts so as to be convenient for disassembly, assembly and transportation;
in the step 2, in the determination of the template supporting scheme, during simulation, the working conditions of synchronous pouring and asynchronous pouring are considered layer by layer according to a planned concrete pouring sequence, simulation analysis is respectively carried out, and the most unfavorable working condition value is taken;
step 3, optimizing coordinate difference in the spatial geometric coordinates of the templateDXThe adopted discrimination criteria are: max { | coordinate difference | } is less than or equal toRWherein | the coordinate difference | represents an absolute value of the coordinate difference;Rin order to allow for the error to be tolerated,R=f S ×D，Dthe maximum allowable value of the verticality and the vertical error in the construction is required by the relevant national standards,f S in order to be a precision factor, the method comprises the following steps of,f S ≤1.0；
in the step 4, in the step (5) of binding the steel bars erected on the site of the template, the planar size of the cylinder body changes layer by layer, the number of the steel bars changes when the intervals of the steel bars are the same, and the number of the steel bars is changed by adopting a steel bar inserting method;
in the step 5, in the concrete pouring, the maintenance and the form removal, the pouring points of the concrete are not less than 2, the concrete is symmetrically and uniformly distributed on the periphery of the cylinder body, the concrete is symmetrically and simultaneously poured during pouring, and the pouring height of each time is not more than 0.5m; the maintenance strength of the concrete should be determined according to the projection distance of the outward inclination of the cylinder body, and then the side die is removed according to the specification requirement.
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| CN101864818B (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2012-02-08 | 武汉建工股份有限公司 | Construction method of cast-in-situ oblique arc-suspended concrete shear wall |
| CN202706554U (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-01-30 | 云南省第二建筑工程公司 | Adjustable bolt fastener for unilateral mould plate |
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