CN112281749A - Hold ecological system that holds of infiltration formula purification bank slope surface runoff - Google Patents
Hold ecological system that holds of infiltration formula purification bank slope surface runoff Download PDFInfo
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- CN112281749A CN112281749A CN202011190748.4A CN202011190748A CN112281749A CN 112281749 A CN112281749 A CN 112281749A CN 202011190748 A CN202011190748 A CN 202011190748A CN 112281749 A CN112281749 A CN 112281749A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
- E03F1/001—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water into a body of water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/02—Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
- E03F5/103—Naturals or landscape retention bodies, e.g. ponds
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological storage and seepage system for storage and seepage type purification of surface runoff of a bank slope, which is characterized in that N vegetation zones which are parallel to a water bank and are arranged at intervals are designed on the slope surface of the water bank, trees and shrubs with developed root systems are planted in the vegetation zones, and perennial herbaceous plants are planted on the surface layer of soil; arranging N-1 filter storage belts among the vegetation belts arranged in parallel at intervals, wherein the bottom of each filter storage belt is an original soil layer, the original soil layer is filled with a stone block layer, the stone block layer is filled with a sandstone layer, and the sandstone layer is filled with a landscape stone layer; a drainage pipe is embedded in the gravel layer of the filter storage belt, one end of the drainage pipe is embedded in the current filter storage belt, and the other end of the drainage pipe obliquely downwards penetrates through the vegetation belt adjacent to the current filter storage belt and extends into the next filter storage belt; the ecological storage and seepage system provided by the invention has the advantages of low requirement on environmental conditions, convenience in construction, low cost, capability of stably and effectively reducing runoff and controlling pollutants, capability of being used for recycling rainwater, no need of electricity for running the whole system and long maintenance period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pollution control of surface runoff of a bank slope, in particular to an ecological storage and seepage system for purifying surface runoff of the bank slope in a storage and seepage manner.
Background
The main method for controlling the surface runoff pollution of the bank slope comprises the following steps: establishing a water body side bank vegetation buffer zone and intercepting aquatic plants by runoff to purify. The water body side buffering zone is a vegetation area between land and water body, can effectively intercept and retain silt in surface runoff, reduces the load of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like entering a receiving water body, and is a main measure for reducing the pollution of the surface runoff. Most of the existing buffer zones are formed by planting one or a plurality of herbs, shrubs and trees on the bank side and planting the ground surface horizontally. The vegetation buffer zone is constructed to occupy a part of land resources, the width and the gradient of the vegetation buffer zone are limited by the terrain conditions, the normal performance of the function of the buffer zone is influenced, rainwater seeps along the subsurface, the influence of the soil permeation speed is influenced, the soil water storage adjusting capacity is limited, the local surface gradient is large, or the soil water storage capacity is insufficient during rainstorm, the erosion of surface runoff on the side bank soil is easily caused, the water and soil loss is generated, and the interception effect of the buffer zone on pollutants is reduced. The vegetation buffer zone that drops into use for a long time, along with runoff pollutant accumulation gradually in the buffer zone, pollutant concentration can increase gradually in the vegetation buffer zone surface runoff, causes the pollution of nearly bank water.
The runoff interception aquatic plant purification is that the runoff is regulated and stored manually, and organic pollutants, heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are adsorbed, absorbed and degraded by utilizing the action of the aquatic plants and soil. The method has high technical requirement, the plant growth is greatly influenced by climate, the plant needs to be harvested periodically, the treatment effect is unstable, and plant residues are easy to form secondary pollution.
The Chinese patent application CN202010459677.7 is named as a flexible ecological treatment bag and an ecological purification method applying the flexible ecological treatment bag, and can intercept surface runoff to carry out purification treatment in a near-shore water area and carry out absorption and purification by means of aquatic plants. However, the technical scheme is influenced by seasonal climate, the treatment effect is unstable, and plant residues are easy to form secondary pollution to cause water pollution in the near-shore area.
The Chinese patent application CN202010361197.7, entitled "an agricultural non-point source and surface runoff initial rainwater storage and sewage interception ecological zone", uses bank construction to intercept surface runoff, submerged plants, emergent plants, floating plants and bank slope plants to jointly purify plants. The method has high technical requirement, the plant growth is greatly influenced by climate, the treatment effect is unstable, the plant needs to be harvested at regular intervals, and plant residues are easy to form secondary pollution.
Chinese patent application CN201721021501.3, entitled "river channel ecological revetment structure with purification function", is a revetment body composed of a bank slope section, a water inlet buffer section and a water inlet slope section, wherein a percolation composite layer is back-filled between the bank slope section and the water inlet buffer section, a porous water collection pipe is arranged at the bottom of the percolation composite layer, and the porous water collection pipe is connected with a drain pipe. The method only carries out physical filtration on the particles in the runoff, and has weak capacity of purifying pollutants in the runoff.
The technical scheme provided in the patent application or the prior art has the problems that the treatment effect is unstable, secondary pollution in a near-shore water area is possibly caused or pollutants are not thoroughly purified, and the like, so that a new near-shore water surface runoff pollution control method and an ecological system are developed, and the method is very important for treating water pollution caused by surface runoff.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing methods for treating surface runoff pollution are unstable in treatment effect and can cause secondary pollution or incomplete pollutant purification in a near-shore water area, and provides an ecological storage and seepage system for purifying surface runoff of a bank slope in a storage and seepage manner.
The invention relates to an ecological storage and seepage system for purifying surface runoff of a bank slope in a storage and seepage manner, which is characterized in that N vegetation zones which are parallel to a water bank and are arranged at intervals are designed on the slope surface of the water bank, trees and shrubs with developed root systems are planted in the vegetation zones, and perennial herbaceous plants are planted on the soil surface layer of the vegetation zones; arranging N-1 filter storage belts among the vegetation belts which are arranged in parallel at intervals, wherein the depth of each filter storage belt is 500-1200mm, the width of each filter storage belt is 200-1000mm, the bottom of each filter storage belt is an original soil layer, a stone layer with the thickness of 100-300mm is filled on the original soil layer, a sandstone layer with the thickness of 300-900mm is filled on the stone layer, and a landscape stone layer with the thickness of 50-200mm is filled on the sandstone layer; a drainage pipe is embedded in a sand layer which is 150mm and 300mm below the surface layer of the filter storage belt, one end of the drainage pipe is embedded in the current filter storage belt, the other end of the drainage pipe obliquely downwards penetrates through a next-stage vegetation belt adjacent to the current filter storage belt and extends into the next-stage filter storage belt, the drainage pipe positioned in the current filter storage belt is designed to be closed at a pipe port, and one side of a pipe body, which is close to the bottom of the filter storage belt, is provided with a water through hole structure; a vegetation zone close to the side bank of the water body, wherein a low wall-shaped slope toe is built at one side close to the water body, and a drainage tube embedded in a sand layer of a storage and filtration zone adjacent to the low wall-shaped slope toe penetrates through the vegetation zone and the low wall-shaped slope toe and extends out of the low wall-shaped slope toe; and N is more than or equal to 2.
Furthermore, a drainage tube of a short wall-shaped slope toe extends out, and the effluent is discharged to a sewage collecting device or is directly discharged into a water body.
Preferably, the surface of the vegetation zone close to the edge of the water body is designed into a slope structure inclined towards the adjacent filter storage zone, and the slope gradient is designed to be 0.002-0.003. The design can intercept the rainwater that directly passes through surface runoff and flow backward to holding the filter belt like this, discharges into water or water-collecting device again after holding the filter belt and filtering, makes surface runoff obtain whole purification treatment.
Preferably, the surface layer of the vegetation zone is 20-50mm lower than the surface layer of the filter storage zone. The design can make the surface runoff of vegetation area enter the filter belt earlier, after the filtration of filter belt, rethread drainage tube inflow water or water-collecting device.
Preferably, the stone blocks of the stone block layer in the filter storage belt are 10-30mm in size, the coarse sand particle size of the sand stone layer is 1.5-10mm, the fine sand particle size is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the landscape stone layer adopts natural cobblestones or broken stones with the size of 10-50 mm; in the sandstone layer, the lower layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 100-400mm, the middle layer is filled with fine sand with the thickness of 300-500mm, and the upper layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 50-100 mm.
Preferably, trees or shrubs with developed roots are planted in the vegetation zone and planted adjacent to the impoundment filter zone. Design like this, the root system of arbor or bush in the vegetation area can half be pricked the root in the vegetation area, and half is pricked the root and is being held the filter belt, can play the drainage effect on the one hand, and on the other hand can play firm effect to holding the filter belt.
When the underground water layer is higher than the original soil layer at the bottom of the water storage and seepage belt, a water-proof plastic film is further laid on the near water side wall of the water storage and seepage belt. Preferably, the herbaceous plant planted in the vegetation zone is any one or two of reineckea carnea, bermuda grass, rhizome festuca arundinacea, trifolium repens and alfalfa; the shrub plant is one or two of Buxus sinica, ramulus et folium Picrasmae, fructus Hippophae, and Cassia occidentalis, and the arbor is one or more of poplar, cherry blossom, willow, and camphor tree.
The ecological infiltration storage system is characterized in that vegetation belts and filter belts which are alternately arranged are designed on the side bank and the sloping field of a water body, the green turf flowing through the vegetation belts on the surface of the earth surface intercepts suspended matters such as sand stones and can rapidly infiltrate down to the bottom layer of the filter belts through the landscape stone layer on the surface layer of the filter belts, the water level in the filter belts gradually rises from the bottom layer, when the water level in the filter belts is filtered by the sand stones and rises to the position of a drainage pipe, the water level permeates into the drainage pipe and then is introduced into the next stage of filter belts, and then rapidly infiltrates to the bottom of the next stage of filter belts and is gradually filtered and ascended, when the water level in the filter belts is guided step by step and finally discharged into the water body or a sewage collection device, all surface runoff is filtered by at least one stage of filter belts, the pollutants in the filter belts are greatly reduced, a low wall-shaped slope foot is built on the side close to the water body of the water-land at the, rainwater at the water inlet slope section can flow back to enter the filter storage belt, and flows into a water body or a sewage collection device through the drainage pipe embedded below the filter storage belt after being filtered by the filter storage belt. In the process, water at the lower part of the filter belt can also be deeply diffused to the original soil layer area of the adjacent vegetation belt, nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in pollutants are absorbed and utilized through the root system of the arbor and shrub with developed root system, the pollution is reduced, and meanwhile, the developed root system of the arbor and shrub maintains the stability of the bank slope.
In the process, when the surface runoff is not scoured, the pollutant load in the runoff is sharply reduced along with the increase of rainwater amount, rainwater enters the storage filter belt, suspended matters are intercepted on the upper layer of the storage filter belt, the initial rainwater with high pollutant load permeates into the lower layer of the storage filter belt, the water level in the storage filter belt is gradually increased by the influx of the rainwater runoff, the rainwater overflows the drainage tube at the water level in the storage filter belt, and the later-stage rainwater with low pollutant load flows out through the drainage tube after passing through the sand filter. Arbor and shrub in the vegetation zone enter the filter-storage zone through the plant root system and root system microorganisms, and pollutants in the filter-storage layer are absorbed, adsorbed and converted, so that sand and stones in the filter-storage zone are purified.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
1. the permeability of the filter belt is good, rainwater runoff rapidly seeps downwards in the filter belt and diffuses towards the soil on the lower layer of the vegetable layer, and the adsorption and water storage capacity of the soil on the lower layer of the vegetable layer is better exerted.
2. The surface runoff buffering effect is good, scouring generated by the surface runoff can be effectively prevented, and interception and adsorption of pollutants such as mud and sand in runoff by turf are facilitated.
3. The water storage and filtration function of the filter storage belt and the flow guide system of the drainage tube prevent the surface runoff from depositing on the ground surface and converting into the underground percolation flow, so that the surface runoff is completely purified.
4. The runoff is discharged into the water body after rapid infiltration filtration in the accumulation filter zone, the runoff collection area is divided by the accumulation filter zone, and the runoff is discharged into the water body after being turned to the infiltration filtration in the accumulation filter zone, so that the influence of the terrain gradient on the flow of the flood peak is effectively weakened.
5. The existence of the impoundment filter zone improves the air permeability of the soil, is beneficial to the expansion of plant root systems, increases the denitrification of microorganism groups in the soil, is beneficial to the removal of nitrogen in runoff, improves the activity of the microorganism groups of the root systems, improves the adsorptivity and is beneficial to the interception and purification of phosphorus and organic pollutants.
6. Pollutants in runoff are intercepted on a sandstone layer of the accumulation filter belt and are purified mainly by arbor and shrub vegetation with developed roots, and the removal of the pollutants is slightly influenced by seasons.
7. The plant root system is fully contacted with the runoff, the adsorption and absorption effects of the land plant root system can be better exerted, and the removal capacity of heavy metal and phosphorus is improved.
8. The plant root system is expanded in the sand layer to maintain the water seepage performance of the sand layer, and the long-term stable operation is facilitated.
The ecological seepage storage system provided by the invention has the advantages of low requirement on environmental conditions, convenience in construction and low cost, can stably and effectively reduce runoff and control pollutants, is also suitable for recycling rainwater, does not need electricity for the operation of the whole system, has long maintenance period, and only needs to clean garbage on a vegetation layer and pebbles for normal maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of example 1 of the present invention;
in the figure, 101-a first vegetation zone, 102-a second vegetation zone, 103-a third vegetation zone, 104-a fourth vegetation zone, 201-a first filter storage zone, 202-a second filter storage zone, 203-a third filter storage zone, 3-a water-proof plastic film, 4-herbaceous plants, 5-shrubs, 6-a short wall, 7-trees, 8-a raw soil layer, 9-a stone layer, 10-a sandstone layer, 11-a landscape stone layer and 12-a drainage pipe.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment is implemented on the water body bank with the bank slope width of 50m and the ground slope of 0.004-0.006.
Referring to fig. 1, the ecological seepage storage system for purifying surface runoff of a bank slope in the embodiment is designed with four vegetation zones parallel to and spaced apart from the water bank on a slope surface 50m wide from the water bank, three filter storage zones are spaced between the four vegetation zones, specifically, a first filter storage zone 201 is excavated at 2 m near the bank, a filter storage zone 300mm wide and 600mm deep is laid, and a water-blocking plastic film 3 is laid on a side wall of the filter storage zone near the water source (to ensure that sewage entering the filter storage zone firstly leaks to the bottom of the filter storage zone and then upwards filters, and then flows into the water body or a sewage collection device through a drainage pipe 12 instead of directly permeating to an underground water layer of the vegetation zone near the water source); excavating a second filter storage belt 202 at a position 15 meters near the shore, and laying a filter storage belt with the width of 500mm and the depth of 700 mm; excavating a third filter storage belt 203 at a position 30 meters near the shore, and paving a filter storage belt with the width of 500mm and the depth of 1000 mm; the first vegetation zone 101 is a sloping field 2 meters near the bank, the surface of the vegetation zone is planted with the herbaceous plant 4 pink reineckia carnea, the side of the vegetation zone close to the water is built with a short wall 6, the surface layer of the vegetation zone is obliquely arranged towards the first storage filter zone 201, and the slope is 0.002; the second vegetation zone 102 is a sloping field with a filtering zone removed between 2 meters near the bank and 15 meters near the bank, 4 rhizomes of tall fescue of herbaceous plants are planted on the surface of the vegetation zone, 5 buxus sinica and 7 camphor trees of arbors are also planted at intervals; the third vegetation zone 103 is a sloping field with a filtering zone removed between 15 meters near the bank and 30 meters near the bank, and herbaceous plant rhizome tall fescue is planted on the surface of the vegetation zone, and shrub buxus and arbor camphor trees are also planted at intervals; the fourth vegetation zone 104 is a sloping field between 30 meters near the bank and 50 meters near the bank, and herbal rootstock tall fescue is planted on the surface of the vegetation zone, and shrub boxwood and arbor camphor tree are also planted at intervals; the surface layers of the vegetation zones are 20mm lower than the surface layer of the filter zone, and arbors or shrubs in the vegetation zones are arranged at intervals in a staggered mode and provided with arbors 7 or shrubs 5 planted close to the filter zone.
The water-proof plastic film is paved on the side wall of one side of the filter storage belt close to a water source, wherein the width of the first filter storage belt 201 is 300mm, the depth of the first filter storage belt is 600mm, the bottom of the filter storage belt is an original soil layer 8, a stone layer 9 with the thickness of 100mm is filled on the original soil layer, a sandstone layer 10 with the thickness of 400mm is filled on the stone layer, and a landscape stone layer 11 with the thickness of 100mm is filled on the sandstone layer; the stone size of the stone block layer is 20-30mm, the particle size of coarse sand of the sand stone layer is 3-5 mm, the particle size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and natural cobbles with the size of 20-30mm are adopted in the landscape stone layer; in the sandstone layer, the lower layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 100mm, the middle layer is filled with fine sand with the thickness of 250mm, the upper layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 50mm, a drainage tube 12 is embedded in the sandstone layer 10 from the surface layer of the storage filter zone to the lower 150mm, one end of the drainage tube 12 is embedded in the current first storage filter zone 201, the other end of the drainage tube 12 obliquely passes through the first vegetation zone 101 downwards, passes through the short wall 6-shaped slope toe and extends out of the short wall-shaped slope toe to be directly led into the water body;
the second filter storage belt 202 is 500mm wide and 700mm deep, the bottom of the filter storage belt is an original soil layer, a stone layer with the thickness of 200mm is filled on the original soil layer, a sandstone layer with the thickness of 400mm is filled on the stone layer, and a landscape stone layer with the thickness of 100mm is filled on the sandstone layer; the stone size of the stone block layer is 20-30mm, the particle size of coarse sand of the sand stone layer is 3-5 mm, the particle size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and natural cobbles with the size of 20-30mm are adopted in the landscape stone layer; in the sandstone layer, the lower layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 100mm, the middle layer is filled with fine sand with the thickness of 250mm, the upper layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 50mm, a drainage pipe 12 is embedded in the sandstone layer 150mm below the surface layer of the filter storage belt, one end of the drainage pipe 12 is embedded in the current second filter storage belt 202, and the other end of the drainage pipe passes through the second vegetation belt 102 obliquely and downwards and extends into the first filter storage belt 201;
the third filter storage belt 203 is 500mm wide and 1000mm deep, the bottom of the filter storage belt is an original soil layer, a stone layer with the thickness of 200mm is filled on the original soil layer, a sandstone layer with the thickness of 700mm is filled on the stone layer, and a landscape stone layer with the thickness of 100mm is filled on the sandstone layer; the stone size of the stone block layer is 20-30mm, the particle size of coarse sand of the sand stone layer is 3-5 mm, the particle size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and natural cobbles with the size of 20-30mm are adopted in the landscape stone layer; in the gravel layer, the lower floor is filled with the coarse sand of 200mm thick, and the middle floor is filled with the fine sand of 400mm thick, and the coarse sand of 100mm thick is filled to the upper strata, has buried the drainage tube in storing the grit layer of filter zone surface layer down 150mm, the one end of drainage tube 12 is buried underground in current third storing filter zone 203, and the other end passes third vegetation area 103 down in the slant, stretches into in the second storing filter zone 202.
After the ecological storage and infiltration system of the bank slope zone is built in 2019 and 3 months, the rainfall reaches 1200-1400 mm after a plurality of rains, the hourly rainfall intensity reaches 30-70 mm, the surface runoff scouring phenomenon is not generated, the surface runoff formed by the vegetation zone completely flows into the storage and infiltration zone, and the rainwater is filtered by the storage and infiltration zone, and part of the rainwater flows into the water body. And runoff before and after surface runoff percolation is collected for detection, the maximum value of SS is reduced by 85-90%, the maximum value of COD is reduced by 60-70%, the maximum value of TN is reduced by 48-54%, and the maximum value of TP is reduced by 52-65%. The storage and seepage zone has good effect of intercepting pollutants in the rainwater runoff, can effectively slow down water and soil loss, and effectively controls the pollution of surface runoff on water.
Example 2
The embodiment is implemented on the bank of the water body with the bank slope width of 60m and the ground slope of 0.005-0.007.
The ecological storage and seepage system for purifying the surface runoff of the bank slope in the storage and seepage mode is characterized in that six vegetation zones which are parallel to a water bank and are arranged at intervals are designed on a slope surface with the width of 60 meters of the water bank side, five storage and filtration zones are arranged among the six vegetation zones at intervals, specifically, a first storage and filtration zone is excavated at the position 2.5 meters near the bank, and a storage and filtration zone with the width of 200mm and the depth of 500mm is laid; excavating a second filter storage belt at a position 10 meters near the shore, and laying a filter storage belt with the width of 400mm and the depth of 800 mm; excavating a third filter storage belt at 20m near the bank, and laying a filter storage belt with the width of 600mm and the depth of 900 mm; excavating a fourth filter storage belt at a position 30 meters near the bank, and paving a filter storage belt with the width of 800mm and the depth of 1000 mm; excavating a fifth filter storage belt at a position 40 meters near the bank, and laying a filter storage belt with the width of 1000mm and the depth of 1200 mm; the first vegetation zone is a sloping field 2.5 meters near the bank, herbaceous plant bermuda grass is planted on the surface of the vegetation zone, shrub boxwood is also planted at intervals, a short wall is built on the side, close to water, of the sloping field, the surface layer of the vegetation zone is obliquely arranged towards the first filter bank, and the slope is 0.003; the second vegetation zone is a sloping field with a filter bank removed between 2.5 meters near the bank and 10 meters near the bank, and herbaceous plants of white clover are planted on the surface of the vegetation zone, and shrub buxus sinica and arbor willow are planted at intervals; the third vegetation zone is a sloping field with a filtering zone removed between 10 meters near the bank and 20 meters near the bank, and herbaceous plants of trifoliate cyrtophyllum are planted on the surface of the vegetation zone, and shrub buxus and arbor willow trees are planted at intervals; the fourth vegetation zone is a sloping field between 20 meters near the bank and 30 meters near the bank, the surface of the vegetation zone is planted with the herbaceous plant alfalfa, and is also planted with shrub boxwood and arbor cherry trees at intervals; the fifth vegetation zone is a sloping field with a filtering zone removed between 30 meters near the bank and 40 meters near the bank, the surface of the vegetation zone is planted with herbaceous plant alfalfa, and is also planted with shrub buxus sinica and arbor cherry trees at intervals; the sixth vegetation zone is a sloping field with a filtering zone removed between 40 meters near the bank and 60 meters near the bank, the surface of the vegetation zone is planted with herbaceous plant alfalfa, and is also planted with shrub buxus sinica and arbor cherry trees at intervals; the surface layer of the vegetation zone is 30mm lower than that of the storage filter zone, and arbors or shrubs in the vegetation zone are arranged at intervals in a staggered mode and are planted close to the storage filter zone.
The width of the first filter storage belt is 200mm, the depth of the first filter storage belt is 500mm, the bottom of the filter storage belt is an original soil layer, a stone layer with the thickness of 100mm is filled on the original soil layer, a sandstone layer with the thickness of 350mm is filled on the stone layer, and a landscape stone layer with the thickness of 50mm is filled on the sandstone layer; the stone size of the stone block layer is 10-20mm, the particle size of coarse sand of the sand stone layer is 1.5-10mm, the particle size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the landscape stone layer adopts 10-20mm broken stone; in the sandstone layer, the lower layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 100mm, the middle layer is filled with fine sand with the thickness of 200mm, the upper layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 50mm, a drainage tube is embedded in the sandstone layer from the surface layer of the storage and filtration belt to the lower 150mm, one end of the drainage tube is embedded in the current storage and filtration belt, the other end of the drainage tube obliquely passes through the first vegetation zone downwards and passes through the short-wall slope foot, and the short-wall slope foot extends out to be directly led into a water body;
the width of the second filter storage belt is 400mm, the depth of the second filter storage belt is 800mm, the bottom of the filter storage belt is an original soil layer, a stone layer with the thickness of 200mm is filled on the original soil layer, a sandstone layer with the thickness of 600mm is filled on the stone layer, and a landscape stone layer with the thickness of 100mm is filled on the sandstone layer; the stone size of the stone block layer is 20-30mm, the grain size of coarse sand of the sand stone layer is 1.5-10mm, the grain size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the landscape stone layer adopts natural cobbles with the size of 20-30 mm; in the sandstone layer, the lower layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 200mm, the middle layer is filled with fine sand with the thickness of 300mm, the upper layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 100mm, a drainage pipe is embedded in the sandstone layer 200mm below the surface layer of the filter storage belt, one end of the drainage pipe is embedded in the current filter storage belt, and the other end of the drainage pipe obliquely passes through the second vegetation zone downwards and extends into the first filter storage belt;
the bottom of the third filter storage belt is an original soil layer, the original soil layer is filled with 200 thick stone layers, the stone layers are filled with 600mm thick sandstone layers, and the sandstone layers are filled with 100mm thick landscape stone layers; the stone size of the stone block layer is 20-30mm, the grain size of coarse sand of the sand stone layer is 1.5-10mm, the grain size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the landscape stone layer adopts natural cobbles with the size of 20-30 mm; in the sandstone layer, the lower layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 200mm, the middle layer is filled with fine sand with the thickness of 200mm, the upper layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 200mm, a drainage pipe is embedded in the sandstone layer from the surface layer of the filter storage belt to the lower part by 200mm, one end of the drainage pipe is embedded in the current filter storage belt, and the other end of the drainage pipe obliquely penetrates through the third vegetation zone downwards and extends into the second filter storage belt;
the fourth filter storage belt is 800mm deep and 1000mm deep, the bottom of the filter storage belt is an original soil layer, a stone layer with the thickness of 200mm is filled on the original soil layer, a sandstone layer with the thickness of 650mm is filled on the stone layer, and a landscape stone layer with the thickness of 150mm is filled on the sandstone layer; the stone size of the stone block layer is 20-30mm, the grain size of coarse sand of the sand stone layer is 1.5-10mm, the grain size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the landscape stone layer adopts natural cobbles with the size of 20-30 mm; in the sandstone layer, the lower layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 200mm, the middle layer is filled with fine sand with the thickness of 250mm, the upper layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 200mm, a drainage tube is embedded in the sandstone layer from the surface layer of the filter storage belt to the lower layer with the thickness of 250mm, one end of the drainage tube is embedded in the current filter storage belt, and the other end of the drainage tube obliquely penetrates through the fourth vegetation zone downwards and extends into the third filter storage belt;
the bottom of the filter storage belt is an original soil layer, the original soil layer is filled with a stone layer with the thickness of 300mm, the stone layer is filled with a sandstone layer with the thickness of 700mm, and the sandstone layer is filled with a landscape stone layer with the thickness of 200 mm; the stone size of the stone block layer is 20-30mm, the grain size of coarse sand of the sand stone layer is 1.5-10mm, the grain size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the landscape stone layer adopts natural cobbles with the size of 20-30 mm; in the sandstone layer, the lower layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 200mm, the middle layer is filled with fine sand with the thickness of 300mm, the upper layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 200mm, a drainage tube is embedded in the sandstone layer which is 300mm below the surface layer of the filter storage belt, one end of the drainage tube is embedded in the current filter storage belt, and the other end of the drainage tube obliquely passes through the fifth vegetation zone downwards and extends into the fourth filter storage belt;
after the ecological storage and infiltration system of the bank slope zone is built in 8 months in 2019, the rainfall reaches 1000-1200 mm after a plurality of rains, the hourly rainfall intensity reaches 35-70 mm, the surface runoff scouring phenomenon is not generated, the surface runoff formed by the vegetation zone completely flows into the storage and infiltration zone, and the rainwater is filtered by the storage and infiltration zone, and part of the rainwater flows into the water body. And runoff before and after surface runoff percolation is collected for detection, the maximum value of SS is reduced by 86-92%, the maximum value of COD is reduced by 60-71%, the maximum value of TN is reduced by 35-45%, and the maximum value of TP is reduced by 62-73%. The storage and seepage zone has good effect of intercepting pollutants in the rainwater runoff, can effectively slow down water and soil loss, and effectively controls the pollution of surface runoff on water.
Example 3
The embodiment is implemented on the bank of the water body with the bank slope width of 20m, the slope of the ground 6 meters near the bank of 0.003-0.004 and the slope of the rest ground of 0.007-0.008.
The ecological seepage storage system for purifying the surface runoff of the bank slope in the seepage storage manner is characterized in that 3 vegetation zones parallel to the water bank edge are designed on a slope surface with the width of 20m of the water bank edge, two filter storage zones are arranged between the four vegetation zones at intervals, specifically, a first filter storage zone is excavated at the position 2 m near the bank, and a filter storage zone with the width of 200mm and the depth of 500mm is laid; excavating a second filter storage belt at 6 meters near the bank, and laying a filter storage belt with the width of 300mm and the depth of 800 mm; the first vegetation zone is a sloping field 2 meters near the bank, the surface of the vegetation zone is planted with herbaceous plant pink reineckea herb and shrub continuous wood at intervals, one side of the sloping field close to water is built with a low wall, the surface layer of the vegetation zone is obliquely arranged towards the first filter bank, and the slope is 0.002; the second vegetation zone is a sloping field with a filtering zone removed between 2 meters near the bank and 6 meters near the bank, and herbaceous plant rhizome tall fescue is planted on the surface of the vegetation zone, and shrub buxus and arbor camphor trees are also planted at intervals; the third vegetation zone is a sloping field with a filtering zone removed between 6 meters near the bank and 20 meters near the bank, and herbal plant rhizome festuca arundinacea is planted on the surface of the vegetation zone, and shrub buxus sinica and arbor camphor trees are also planted at intervals; the surface layer of the vegetation zone is 20mm lower than that of the filter zone, and arbors or shrubs in the vegetation zone are arranged at intervals in a staggered mode and are planted close to the filter zone.
The width of the first filter storage belt is 200mm, the depth of the first filter storage belt is 500mm, the bottom of the filter storage belt is an original soil layer, a stone layer with the thickness of 100mm is filled on the original soil layer, a sandstone layer with the thickness of 350mm is filled on the stone layer, and a landscape stone layer with the thickness of 50mm is filled on the sandstone layer; the stone size of the stone block layer is 10-30mm, the grain size of coarse sand of the sand stone layer is 1.5-10mm, the grain size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the landscape stone layer adopts natural cobbles with the size of 20-30 mm; in the sandstone layer, the lower layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 100mm, the middle layer is filled with fine sand with the thickness of 200mm, the upper layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 50mm, a drainage pipe is buried in the sandstone layer from the surface layer of the storage and filtration belt to the lower 150mm, one end of the drainage pipe is buried in the current storage and filtration belt, the other end of the drainage pipe obliquely penetrates through the first vegetation zone downwards and passes through the short-wall slope foot, and the short-wall slope foot extends out to be directly led into a sewage collection device;
the width of the second filter storage belt is 300mm, the depth of the second filter storage belt is 800mm, the bottom of the filter storage belt is an original soil layer, the original soil layer is filled with a stone block layer with the thickness of 200mm, the stone block layer is filled with a sandstone layer with the thickness of 500mm, and the sandstone layer is filled with a landscape stone layer with the thickness of 100 mm; the stone size of the stone block layer is 10-30mm, the grain size of coarse sand of the sand stone layer is 1.5-10mm, the grain size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the landscape stone layer adopts natural cobbles with the size of 20-30 mm; in the gravel layer, the lower floor is filled with the coarse sand that 100mm is thick, and the middle level is filled the fine sand that 300mm is thick, and the coarse sand that 100mm is thick is filled to the upper strata, has buried the drainage tube in storing the grit layer of filter zone top layer down 150mm, the one end of drainage tube is buried underground and is being held the filter zone at present, and the other end slant passes second vegetation area down, stretches into in the first vegetation area.
After the ecological storage and infiltration system of the bank slope zone is built in 1 month in 2020, the rainfall reaches 800-900 mm after a plurality of rainfalls, the hourly rainfall intensity reaches 40-75 mm, the surface runoff scouring phenomenon is not generated, the surface runoff formed by the vegetation zone completely flows into the storage and infiltration zone, and the rainwater is filtered by the storage and infiltration zone, and part of the rainwater flows into the water body. And runoff before and after surface runoff percolation is collected for detection, the maximum value of SS is reduced by 83-94%, the maximum value of COD is reduced by 54-60%, the maximum value of TN is reduced by 62-74%, and the maximum value of TP is reduced by 68-75%. The storage and seepage zone has good effect of intercepting pollutants in the rainwater runoff, can effectively slow down water and soil loss, and effectively controls the pollution of surface runoff on water.
The above-described embodiments are merely exemplary for the purpose of explaining the present invention in claims, and do not limit the present invention in any way, and any equivalent changes, enlargements or reductions made by anyone under the principle of the claims of the present invention should be considered to fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a hold ecological system that holds of infiltration formula purification bank slope surface runoff, its characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps that N vegetation zones which are parallel to a water body edge bank and are arranged at intervals are designed on a slope surface of the water body edge bank, trees and shrubs with developed root systems are planted in the vegetation zones, and perennial herbaceous plants are planted in the soil surface layer of the vegetation zones; arranging N-1 filter storage belts among the vegetation belts which are arranged in parallel at intervals, wherein the depth of each filter storage belt is 500-1200mm, the width of each filter storage belt is 200-1000mm, the bottom of each filter storage belt is an original soil layer, a stone layer with the thickness of 100-300mm is filled on the original soil layer, a sandstone layer with the thickness of 300-900mm is filled on the stone layer, and a landscape stone layer with the thickness of 50-200mm is filled on the sandstone layer; a drainage pipe is embedded in a sand layer which is 150mm and 300mm below the surface layer of the filter storage belt, one end of the drainage pipe is embedded in the current filter storage belt, the other end of the drainage pipe obliquely downwards penetrates through a next-stage vegetation belt adjacent to the current filter storage belt and extends into the next-stage filter storage belt, the drainage pipe positioned in the current filter storage belt is designed to be closed at a pipe port, and one side of a pipe body, which is close to the bottom of the filter storage belt, is provided with a water through hole structure; a vegetation zone close to the side bank of the water body, wherein a low wall-shaped slope toe is built at one side close to the water body, and a drainage tube embedded in a sand layer of a storage and filtration zone adjacent to the low wall-shaped slope toe penetrates through the vegetation zone and the low wall-shaped slope toe and extends out of the low wall-shaped slope toe; and N is more than or equal to 2.
2. The ecological storage and seepage system for purifying the surface runoff of the bank slope in a storage and seepage mode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and a drainage tube of a short wall-shaped slope toe extends out, and the effluent is discharged to a sewage collecting device or is directly discharged into a water body.
3. The ecological storage and seepage system for purifying the surface runoff of the bank slope in a storage and seepage mode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the surface of the vegetation zone close to the water body side bank is designed into a slope type structure inclining to the adjacent filter storage zone, and the slope gradient of the slope is designed to be 0.002-0.003.
4. The ecological storage and seepage system for purifying the surface runoff of the bank slope in a storage and seepage mode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the surface layer of the vegetation zone is 20-50mm lower than that of the filter storage zone.
5. The ecological storage and seepage system for purifying the surface runoff of the bank slope in a storage and seepage mode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the stone size of the stone block layer in the filter storage belt is 10-30mm, the particle size of coarse sand of the gravel layer is 1.5-10mm, the particle size of fine sand is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the landscape stone layer adopts natural cobblestones or broken stones with the size of 10-50 mm; in the sandstone layer, the lower layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 100-400mm, the middle layer is filled with fine sand with the thickness of 300-500mm, and the upper layer is filled with coarse sand with the thickness of 50-100 mm.
6. The ecological storage and seepage system for purifying the surface runoff of the bank slope in a storage and seepage mode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: trees or shrubs with developed root systems planted in the vegetation zone are planted close to the storage filter zone adjacent to the vegetation zone.
7. The ecological storage and seepage system for purifying the surface runoff of the bank slope in a storage and seepage mode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and a waterproof plastic film is laid on the near water side wall of the filter storage belt.
8. The ecological storage and seepage system for purifying the surface runoff of the bank slope in a storage and seepage mode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the herbaceous plant planted in the vegetation zone is any one or two of reineckea carnea, bermuda grass, rhizome festuca arundinacea, trifolium repens and alfalfa; the shrub plant is one or two of Buxus sinica, ramulus et folium Picrasmae, fructus Hippophae, and Cassia occidentalis, and the arbor is one or more of poplar, cherry blossom, willow, and camphor tree.
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