CN112281476B - Sandwich type wave absorbing fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Sandwich type wave absorbing fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112281476B
CN112281476B CN202011251229.4A CN202011251229A CN112281476B CN 112281476 B CN112281476 B CN 112281476B CN 202011251229 A CN202011251229 A CN 202011251229A CN 112281476 B CN112281476 B CN 112281476B
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fiber
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carbon black
wave
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CN112281476A (en
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徐新杰
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Suzhou Xinji Textile Co ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D01F1/106—Radiation shielding agents, e.g. absorbing, reflecting agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/20—Polyalkenes, polymers or copolymers of compounds with alkenyl groups bonded to aromatic groups
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/32—Polyesters

Abstract

The invention provides a sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber which is formed by compounding a finishing layer and a sheath-core fiber, wherein the finishing layer is a coating containing nano quartz or silicon dioxide, the sheath-core fiber comprises a sheath layer and a core layer, the sheath layer is a polyester layer containing a wave-absorbing agent, and the core layer is a polypropylene layer containing carbon fiber powder. The invention designs and researches the wave-absorbing multilayer fiber, and provides a scheme for researching a fabric combination with better electromagnetic shielding efficiency and better compatibility level.

Description

Sandwich type wave absorbing fiber and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of functional fibers, in particular to a preparation method of a sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber.
Background
In the current era of high-speed development of communication technology, various electronic and electric products which are convenient for human life are produced at the same time, and the electromagnetic radiation generated by the electronic and electric products also has great harm to the health of human beings. In order to protect the human body from being damaged by electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic shielding clothes become a research hotspot of the present generation.
With the rapid development of electromagnetic wave shielding and wave absorbing material technology, people put forward higher requirements on wave absorbing materials, namely width, lightness, thinness and strength. The purpose of improving the absorption rate of electromagnetic waves is to provide a wave absorbing material, and the design of a wave absorbing body mainly comprises the following steps: wave-absorbing efficiency design, bandwidth design, shape and thickness design. In the design process, the application value and the cost of the material need to be considered, and the material is difficult to consider wide, light, thin and strong.
At present, shielding fabrics in the market are various in types, basically are single wave-absorbing type or reflection type fabrics, and are rarely made of reflection type fibers and wave-absorbing type fibers in a blending mode. At present, most researches on the electromagnetic shielding garment fabric are limited to the shielding effectiveness and the wave-absorbing performance of a single-layer fabric, and the researches on the shielding effectiveness and the wave-absorbing performance of the wave-absorbing fiber are less. Therefore, the research and development of the wave-absorbing fiber become a direction to be urgently explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention aims to provide a preparation method of sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber, which designs and researches wave-absorbing multilayer fiber and provides a scheme for researching a fabric combination with better electromagnetic shielding effect and better compatibility level.
The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber, forms including arrangement layer and skin-core fiber complex, the coating of arrangement layer for containing nanometer quartz or silica, skin-core fiber includes cortex and sandwich layer, the polyester layer of cortex for containing wave-absorbing agent, the polypropylene layer of sandwich layer for containing carbon fiber powder.
Preferably, the wave absorbing agent in the skin layer is nano carbon black, and the content of the nano carbon black is 3-5 wt% of polyester content.
Preferably, the content of the carbon fiber powder in the core layer is 4-8 wt% of the polypropylene content.
Preferably, the nano carbon black is modified nano carbon black, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the nano carbon black powder into a n-butyl alcohol solution containing a silane coupling agent KH550, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30-50min, then carrying out reflux reaction for 4-8h under strong stirring and temperature control of 80-95 ℃, and obtaining KH550 nano carbon black powder;
s2, mixing oleic acid and N, N '-carbonyldiimidazole in equal proportion, adding the mixture into toluene after dyeing, heating to 50-60 ℃, and reacting for 2-5 hours to obtain a toluene solution of the N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid;
s3, adding the KH550 modified nano carbon black powder into a toluene solution containing N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20-60min, and performing reflux reaction for 2-4h to obtain the modified nano carbon black powder.
A preparation method of sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, drying polyester chips, mixing the dried polyester chips with surface-modified nano carbon black powder, uniformly mixing, and extruding and granulating again to obtain modified polyester particles;
s2, drying the polypropylene slices, mixing the dried polypropylene slices with carbon fiber powder, uniformly mixing, and re-extruding and granulating to obtain modified polypropylene particles;
s3, respectively drying the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles prepared in the steps S1 and S2, performing melt extrusion through a screw, metering through a metering pump, spraying through a core-core type composite spinneret to form tows, and performing drafting shaping to obtain core-sheath fibers;
and S4, coating a layer of coating containing nano-quartz or silicon dioxide on the surface of the sheath-core fiber prepared in the step S3 to obtain the wave-absorbing fiber.
Preferably, the drying temperature of the modified polyester particles in the step S3 is 170-175 ℃, the drying temperature of the polypropylene particles is 100-110 ℃, and the drying time is 4-6h.
Preferably, the method for coating the surface of the sheath-core fiber in step S4 is high-pressure spraying.
Preferably, the method for preparing the layer containing quartz or silica in step S4 comprises: dissolving quartz or silicon dioxide in an ethanol solution containing a silane coupling agent to obtain mixed slurry, and mixing the mixed slurry with a polyester oligomer to obtain a coating solution.
Preferably, the molecular weight of the polyester oligomer is 2000 to 5000.
Has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the nervonic acid nano emulsion has the following advantages:
(1) According to the invention, the sheath-core fiber is used for coating the sheath layer, the core layer and the outer side of the sheath-core fiber to form the sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber, and the electromagnetic radiation effect is gradually weakened by gradually keeping away impedance;
(2) According to the invention, the carbon black is modified, so that the carbon black can be uniformly distributed in the whole fiber axial direction, and agglomeration does not occur, so that the mechanical property of the fiber is kept at a higher level;
(3) According to the invention, the wave absorbing layer is formed on the outer layer of the sheath-core fiber by a high-pressure spraying method, so that the method is simple and the wave absorbing effect is good;
(4) The invention has simple preparation method and provides a new visual angle for the production of the wave-absorbing fabric.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The utility model provides a sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber, forms including arrangement layer and skin-core fiber complex, the coating of arrangement layer for containing nano silicon dioxide, skin-core fiber includes cortex and sandwich layer, the polyester layer of cortex for containing the wave-absorbing agent, the polypropylene layer of sandwich layer for containing the carbon fiber powder.
The wave absorbing agent in the skin layer is nano carbon black, the content of the wave absorbing agent is 3 wt% of polyester, and the content of carbon fiber powder in the core layer is 8 wt% of polypropylene.
The nano carbon black is modified nano carbon black, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding nano carbon black powder into a n-butyl alcohol solution containing a silane coupling agent KH550, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, then carrying out reflux reaction for 4h under strong stirring and temperature control of 80 ℃, and obtaining KH550 nano carbon black powder;
s2, mixing oleic acid and N, N '-carbonyl diimidazole in equal proportion, adding the mixture into toluene after dyeing, heating to 50 ℃, and reacting for 5 hours to obtain a toluene solution of the N, N' -carbonyl diimidazole activated oleic acid;
s3, adding the KH550 modified nano carbon black powder into a toluene solution containing N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20min, and performing reflux reaction for 4h to obtain the modified nano carbon black powder.
A preparation method of sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, drying polyester chips, mixing the dried polyester chips with surface-modified nano carbon black powder, uniformly mixing, and re-extruding and granulating to obtain modified polyester particles;
s2, drying the polypropylene slices, mixing the dried polypropylene slices with carbon fiber powder, uniformly mixing the dried polypropylene slices with the carbon fiber powder, and re-extruding and granulating the mixture to obtain modified polypropylene particles;
s3, respectively drying the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles prepared in the steps S1 and S2, wherein the drying temperature of the modified polyester particles is 170 ℃, the drying temperature of the polypropylene particles is 100 ℃, the drying time is 4 hours, carrying out melt extrusion by a screw, metering by a metering pump, spraying by a core-skin type composite spinneret plate to form tows, and carrying out drafting and shaping to obtain core-skin fibers;
s4, coating the surface of the sheath-core fiber prepared in the step S3 with a coating containing nano silicon dioxide through high-pressure spraying to obtain the wave-absorbing fiber, wherein the preparation method of the coating comprises the following steps: dissolving silicon dioxide in an ethanol solution containing a silane coupling agent to obtain mixed slurry, and mixing the mixed slurry with a polyester oligomer with the molecular weight of 2000 to obtain a coating solution.
Example 2
The utility model provides a sandwich type wave absorbing fiber, forms including arrangement layer and skin-core fiber complex, the arrangement layer is for containing the nanometer quartz coating, skin-core fiber includes cortex and sandwich layer, the polyester layer of cortex for containing the wave absorbing agent, the polypropylene layer of sandwich layer for containing the carbon fiber powder.
The wave absorbing agent in the skin layer is nano carbon black, the content of the wave absorbing agent is 5 wt% of polyester, and the content of carbon fiber powder in the core layer is 4 wt% of polypropylene.
The nano carbon black is modified nano carbon black, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding nano carbon black powder into n-butyl alcohol solution containing a silane coupling agent KH550, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50min, carrying out strong stirring, controlling the temperature at 95 ℃, and carrying out reflux reaction for 8h to obtain KH550 nano carbon black powder;
s2, mixing oleic acid and N, N '-carbonyldiimidazole in equal proportion, adding the mixture into toluene after dyeing, heating to 60 ℃, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a toluene solution of the N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid;
s3, adding the KH550 modified nano carbon black powder into a toluene solution containing N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min, and performing reflux reaction for 2h to obtain the modified nano carbon black powder.
A preparation method of sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, drying polyester chips, mixing the dried polyester chips with surface-modified nano carbon black powder, uniformly mixing, and extruding and granulating again to obtain modified polyester particles;
s2, drying the polypropylene slices, mixing the dried polypropylene slices with carbon fiber powder, uniformly mixing, and re-extruding and granulating to obtain modified polypropylene particles;
s3, respectively drying the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles prepared in the steps S1 and S2, wherein the drying temperature of the modified polyester particles is 175 ℃, the drying temperature of the polypropylene particles is 110 ℃, the drying time is 6 hours, the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles are subjected to melt extrusion by a screw, metered by a metering pump, sprayed by a core-core composite spinneret to form tows, and subjected to drafting shaping to obtain core-sheath fibers;
s4, coating the surface of the sheath-core fiber prepared in the step S3 with a coating containing nano quartz through high-pressure spraying to obtain the wave-absorbing fiber, wherein the preparation method of the coating comprises the following steps: dissolving quartz into an ethanol solution containing a silane coupling agent to obtain mixed slurry, and mixing the mixed slurry with polyester oligomer with the molecular weight of 5000 to obtain a coating solution.
Example 3
The utility model provides a sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber, forms including arrangement layer and skin-core fiber complex, the coating of arrangement layer for containing nano silicon dioxide, skin-core fiber includes cortex and sandwich layer, the polyester layer of cortex for containing the wave-absorbing agent, the polypropylene layer of sandwich layer for containing the carbon fiber powder.
The wave absorbing agent in the skin layer is nano carbon black, and the content of the wave absorbing agent is 4 wt% of polyester content.
The content of the carbon fiber powder in the core layer is 6 wt% of the content of the polypropylene.
The nano carbon black is modified nano carbon black, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding nano carbon black powder into a n-butyl alcohol solution containing a silane coupling agent KH550, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 35min, then carrying out reflux reaction for 6h under strong stirring and temperature control of 80 ℃, and obtaining KH550 nano carbon black powder;
s2, mixing oleic acid and N, N '-carbonyldiimidazole in equal proportion, adding the mixture into toluene after dyeing, heating to 60 ℃, and reacting for 3 hours to obtain a toluene solution of the N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid;
s3, adding the KH550 modified nano carbon black powder into a toluene solution containing N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid, performing ultrasonic treatment for 50min, and performing reflux reaction for 4h to obtain the modified nano carbon black powder.
A preparation method of sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, drying polyester chips, mixing the dried polyester chips with surface-modified nano carbon black powder, uniformly mixing, and extruding and granulating again to obtain modified polyester particles;
s2, drying the polypropylene slices, mixing the dried polypropylene slices with carbon fiber powder, uniformly mixing the dried polypropylene slices with the carbon fiber powder, and re-extruding and granulating the mixture to obtain modified polypropylene particles;
s3, respectively drying the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles prepared in the steps S1 and S2, wherein the drying temperature of the modified polyester particles is 175 ℃, the drying temperature of the polypropylene particles is 105 ℃, the drying time is 6 hours, the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles are subjected to melt extrusion by a screw, metered by a metering pump, sprayed by a core-core composite spinneret plate to form tows, and subjected to drafting shaping to obtain core-sheath fibers;
s4, coating the surface of the sheath-core fiber prepared in the step S3 with a coating containing nano silicon dioxide through high-pressure spraying to obtain the wave-absorbing fiber, wherein the preparation method of the coating comprises the following steps: dissolving silicon dioxide in an ethanol solution containing a silane coupling agent to obtain mixed slurry, and mixing the mixed slurry with a polyester oligomer with the molecular weight of 3000 to obtain a coating solution.
Example 4
The utility model provides a sandwich type wave absorbing fiber, forms including arrangement layer and skin-core fiber complex, the arrangement layer is for containing the nanometer quartz coating, skin-core fiber includes cortex and sandwich layer, the polyester layer of cortex for containing the wave absorbing agent, the polypropylene layer of sandwich layer for containing the carbon fiber powder.
The wave absorbing agent in the skin layer is nano carbon black, and the content of the wave absorbing agent is 5 wt% of polyester content.
The content of the carbon fiber powder in the core layer is 5 wt% of the content of the polypropylene.
The nano carbon black is modified nano carbon black, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding nano carbon black powder into n-butyl alcohol solution containing a silane coupling agent KH550, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40min, carrying out strong stirring, controlling the temperature at 95 ℃, and carrying out reflux reaction for 8h to obtain KH550 nano carbon black powder;
s2, mixing oleic acid and N, N '-carbonyl diimidazole in equal proportion, adding the mixture into toluene after dyeing, heating to 50 ℃, and reacting for 4 hours to obtain a toluene solution of the N, N' -carbonyl diimidazole activated oleic acid;
s3, adding the KH550 modified nano carbon black powder into a toluene solution containing N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid, performing ultrasonic treatment for 40min, and performing reflux reaction for 3h to obtain the modified nano carbon black powder.
A preparation method of sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, drying polyester chips, mixing the dried polyester chips with surface-modified nano carbon black powder, uniformly mixing, and extruding and granulating again to obtain modified polyester particles;
s2, drying the polypropylene slices, mixing the dried polypropylene slices with carbon fiber powder, uniformly mixing, and re-extruding and granulating to obtain modified polypropylene particles;
s3, respectively drying the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles prepared in the steps S1 and S2, wherein the drying temperature of the modified polyester particles is 170 ℃, the drying temperature of the polypropylene particles is 100 ℃, the drying time is 4 hours, carrying out melt extrusion by a screw, metering by a metering pump, spraying by a core-skin type composite spinneret plate to form tows, and carrying out drafting and shaping to obtain core-skin fibers;
s4, coating the surface of the sheath-core fiber prepared in the step S3 with a coating containing nano quartz through high-pressure spraying to obtain the wave-absorbing fiber, wherein the preparation method of the coating comprises the following steps: dissolving quartz into an ethanol solution containing a silane coupling agent to obtain mixed slurry, and mixing the mixed slurry with a polyester oligomer with the molecular weight of 4000 to obtain a coating solution.
Comparative example 1
The utility model provides a sandwich type wave absorbing fiber, is formed by the cladding-core fiber complex, the cladding-core fiber includes cortex and sandwich layer, the cortex is the polyester layer that contains the wave absorbing agent, the polypropylene layer that the sandwich layer contains the carbon fiber powder.
The wave absorbing agent in the skin layer is nano carbon black, the content of the wave absorbing agent is 5 wt% of polyester, and the content of carbon fiber powder in the core layer is 4 wt% of polypropylene.
The nano carbon black is modified nano carbon black, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding nano carbon black powder into n-butyl alcohol solution containing a silane coupling agent KH550, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50min, carrying out strong stirring, controlling the temperature at 95 ℃, and carrying out reflux reaction for 8h to obtain KH550 nano carbon black powder;
s2, mixing oleic acid and N, N '-carbonyldiimidazole in equal proportion, adding the mixture into toluene after dyeing, heating to 60 ℃, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a toluene solution of the N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid;
s3, adding the KH550 modified nano carbon black powder into a toluene solution containing N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min, and performing reflux reaction for 2h to obtain the modified nano carbon black powder.
A preparation method of sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, drying polyester chips, mixing the dried polyester chips with surface-modified nano carbon black powder, uniformly mixing, and extruding and granulating again to obtain modified polyester particles;
s2, drying the polypropylene slices, mixing the dried polypropylene slices with carbon fiber powder, uniformly mixing the dried polypropylene slices with the carbon fiber powder, and re-extruding and granulating the mixture to obtain modified polypropylene particles;
and S3, respectively drying the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles prepared in the steps S1 and S2, wherein the drying temperature of the modified polyester particles is 175 ℃, the drying temperature of the polypropylene particles is 110 ℃, the drying time is 6 hours, melting and extruding the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles by a screw, metering by a metering pump, spraying the modified polyester particles and the polypropylene particles by a core-type composite spinneret plate to form tows, and then drawing and shaping the tows to obtain the wave-absorbing fiber.
Comparative example 2
The utility model provides a sandwich type wave absorbing fiber, forms including arrangement layer and skin-core fiber complex, the arrangement layer is for containing the nanometer quartz coating, skin-core fiber includes cortex and sandwich layer, the polyester layer of cortex for containing the wave absorbing agent, the polypropylene layer of sandwich layer for containing the carbon fiber powder.
The wave absorbing agent in the skin layer is nano carbon black, and the content of the wave absorbing agent is 5 wt% of polyester content.
The content of the carbon fiber powder in the core layer is 5 wt% of the content of the polypropylene.
A preparation method of sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, drying polyester chips, mixing the dried polyester chips with nano carbon black powder, uniformly mixing, and re-extruding and granulating to obtain modified polyester particles;
s2, drying the polypropylene slices, mixing the dried polypropylene slices with carbon fiber powder, uniformly mixing the dried polypropylene slices with the carbon fiber powder, and re-extruding and granulating the mixture to obtain modified polypropylene particles;
s3, respectively drying the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles prepared in the steps S1 and S2, wherein the drying temperature of the modified polyester particles is 170 ℃, the drying temperature of the polypropylene particles is 100 ℃, the drying time is 4 hours, carrying out melt extrusion by a screw, metering by a metering pump, spraying by a core-skin type composite spinneret plate to form tows, and carrying out drafting and shaping to obtain core-skin fibers;
s4, coating the surface of the sheath-core fiber prepared in the step S3 with a coating containing nano quartz through high-pressure spraying to obtain the wave-absorbing fiber, wherein the preparation method of the coating comprises the following steps: dissolving quartz into an ethanol solution containing a silane coupling agent to obtain mixed slurry, and mixing the mixed slurry with a polyester oligomer with the molecular weight of 4000 to obtain a coating solution.
The fibers of the examples and comparative examples were made into yarns and woven into fabrics, and corresponding performance tests were performed, and the process parameters were the same for all examples and comparative examples in order to be able to distinguish the effects of each example and comparative example. The fabrics selected for testing are plain single-layer fabrics. And (3) testing the wave absorbing performance of the fabric by using an arch-shaped reflectivity testing system according to G/B2038-1994 by adopting a reflection-transmission network parameter method. The experimental instrument is an Agilent8720ET vector network analyzer, is an automatic vector network parameter frequency sweep measuring system, has the working mode of frequency sweep measurement, measures the reflectivity of the fabric in the frequency range of 2-18GHz, and analyzes the wave absorbing effect of the measured data.
Reflectivity (dB) Absorption rate (%)
Example 1 -3.01 55.45
Example 2 -3.23 57.34
Example 3 -3.44 59.38
Example 4 -3.32 57.89
Comparative example 1 -1.85 38.24
Comparative example 2 -2.45 46.78
In the above embodiments and comparative examples, the value of the reflectivity is the optimal reflectivity in the effective measurement interval, and it can be seen from the above table that the finishing layer is formed on the surface of the fiber by spraying, so that the wave-absorbing effect of the obtained fabric is good, the dispersion effect of the modified carbon black is good, the wave-absorbing is uniform, and the wave-absorbing performance is improved.

Claims (7)

1. The sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber is characterized by comprising a finishing layer and a sheath-core fiber, wherein the finishing layer is a coating containing nano quartz or silicon dioxide, the sheath-core fiber comprises a sheath layer and a core layer, the sheath layer is a polyester layer containing a wave-absorbing agent, and the core layer is a polypropylene layer containing carbon fiber powder;
wherein, the wave absorber in the skin layer is nano carbon black, and the content of the wave absorber is 3-5 wt% of the polyester content;
the nano carbon black is modified nano carbon black, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the nano carbon black powder into a n-butyl alcohol solution containing a silane coupling agent KH550, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30-50min, and carrying out reflux reaction for 4-8h under strong stirring at a temperature of 80-95 ℃ to obtain KH550 modified nano carbon black powder;
s2, mixing oleic acid and N, N '-carbonyl diimidazole in equal proportion, adding the mixture into toluene, heating to 50-60 ℃, and reacting for 2-5 hours to obtain a toluene solution of the N, N' -carbonyl diimidazole activated oleic acid;
s3, adding the KH550 modified nano carbon black powder into a toluene solution containing N, N' -carbonyldiimidazole activated oleic acid, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20-60min, and performing reflux reaction for 2-4h to obtain the modified nano carbon black powder.
2. The sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the content of the carbon fiber powder in the core layer is 4-8 wt% of the content of the polypropylene.
3. The preparation method of the sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s11, drying the polyester slices, mixing the dried polyester slices with the surface-modified nano carbon black powder, uniformly mixing, and extruding and granulating again to obtain modified polyester particles;
s12, drying the polypropylene slices, mixing the dried polypropylene slices with carbon fiber powder, uniformly mixing the dried polypropylene slices with the carbon fiber powder, and re-extruding and granulating the mixture to obtain modified polypropylene particles;
s13, respectively drying the modified polyester particles and the modified polypropylene particles prepared in the steps S11 and S12, performing screw melt extrusion, metering by a metering pump, spraying by a core-skin type composite spinneret plate to form tows, and performing drafting and shaping to obtain core-skin fibers;
s14, coating a layer of coating containing nano-quartz or silicon dioxide on the surface of the sheath-core fiber prepared in the step S13 to obtain the wave-absorbing fiber.
4. The preparation method of the sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S13, the drying temperature of the modified polyester particles is 170-175 ℃, the drying temperature of the modified polypropylene particles is 100-110 ℃, and the drying time is 4-6h.
5. The preparation method of the sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: the method for coating the surface of the sheath-core fiber in step S14 is high-pressure spraying.
6. The method for preparing the sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber according to claim 3, wherein the coating containing quartz or silica in the step S14 is prepared by the following steps: dissolving quartz or silicon dioxide in an ethanol solution containing a silane coupling agent to obtain mixed slurry, and mixing the mixed slurry with polyester oligomer to obtain a coating solution.
7. The preparation method of the sandwich type wave-absorbing fiber according to claim 6, characterized in that: the molecular weight of the polyester oligomer is 2000-5000.
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