CN112280953B - Metal surface treatment method combining ultrasonic impact and surface de-coating - Google Patents
Metal surface treatment method combining ultrasonic impact and surface de-coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN112280953B CN112280953B CN202011298395.XA CN202011298395A CN112280953B CN 112280953 B CN112280953 B CN 112280953B CN 202011298395 A CN202011298395 A CN 202011298395A CN 112280953 B CN112280953 B CN 112280953B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metal surface treatment method combining ultrasonic impact and surface de-layering, belonging to the technical field of metal surface treatment. The method comprises the following steps of performing metal surface treatment by using ultrasonic impact to form a plastic deformation layer and a surface transition layer, uniformly grinding the surface of the metal by using sand paper after the ultrasonic impact treatment is finished until the surface plastic deformation layer is completely removed to remove microcracks existing in the primary ultrasonic impact, performing secondary ultrasonic impact on the metal surface, and further enhancing the effect of grain refinement by using the surface transition layer after the primary ultrasonic impact to deepen the thickness of the grain refinement layer and strengthen the effect of residual compressive stress. Has the advantages that: through ultrasonic impact and surface de-lamination composite treatment, the effect of ultrasonic impact grain refinement can be further enhanced, the thickness of the surface plastic deformation layer is deepened, and the effect of residual compressive stress is enhanced. Simple operation, low cost, green and energy saving. The practicability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface treatment, in particular to a metal surface treatment method combining ultrasonic impact and surface de-coating. The method is to treat the magnesium alloy by ultrasonic impact and secondary ultrasonic impact after removing the surface deformation layer, thereby improving the fatigue performance of the magnesium alloy.
Background
The magnesium alloy is the lightest structural material, has the advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, good cutting performance and the like, and is widely applied to various fields of aerospace, communication and the like. Part of high-performance wrought magnesium alloy products have replaced traditional ferrous metal bearing moving parts, such as aircraft wheels or hubs, helicopter propellers, gear boxes, engine forged pistons and the like. Even in the safe working range of static allowable stress, the fatigue damage and even the fracture of the bearing structural part can be caused by the complex service environment and the long-term alternating load.
Ultrasonic impact is a common method for improving the fatigue performance of magnesium alloy, but the surface impacted by the ultrasonic impact is easy to generate micro-cracks and is easy to break before a parent metal in actual use, so that the fatigue performance is seriously reduced, and the structure in service is extremely adversely affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metal surface treatment method combining ultrasonic impact and surface de-lamination, overcomes the defects of the existing ultrasonic impact method, and breaks through the bottleneck of the prior art. After the ultrasonic impact treatment is finished, the surface of the magnesium alloy is uniformly polished by using sand paper until a surface deformation layer is completely removed, microcracks existing on the surface are removed, secondary ultrasonic impact is adopted to further strengthen the grain refining effect, the thickness of the surface plastic deformation layer is deepened, the effect of residual compressive stress is strengthened, and the fatigue performance of the magnesium alloy after ultrasonic impact is improved. The method is simple and convenient to operate, good in adaptability and high in repeatability, and can greatly improve the industrial production efficiency. Has important significance for improving the fatigue property of the magnesium alloy.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the metal surface treatment method combining ultrasonic impact and surface de-lamination comprises the following steps:
step one, one-time ultrasonic impact: performing metal surface treatment by using ultrasonic impact equipment to form a plastic deformation layer 7 and a surface transition layer 8;
step two, removing microcracks: after the primary ultrasonic impact treatment is finished, uniformly grinding the metal surface by using sand paper until the plastic deformation layer 7 on the surface is completely removed so as to remove microcracks 6 existing in the primary ultrasonic impact;
step three, secondary ultrasonic impact: and performing secondary ultrasonic impact on the metal surface, wherein the impact part is a surface transition layer 8 after the primary ultrasonic impact, so that the effect of grain refinement is further enhanced, the thickness of the grain refinement layer is deepened, and the effect of residual compressive stress is enhanced.
The plastic deformation layer 7 and the surface transition layer 8 appear on the metal surface through the primary ultrasonic impact, the ultrasonic impact speed is kept at 1-5 mm/s, a single ultrasonic impact needle is adopted, the diameter d of the impact needle is 3-6 mm, and the amplitude is 10-30 microns.
The sand paper is diamond sand paper, when surface grinding is carried out, the plastic deformation layer 7 on the surface needs to be completely removed, and the whole metal surface is uniformly covered during treatment so as to eliminate the microcracks 6 left by one-time ultrasonic impact.
After the plastic deformation layer 7 left by the primary ultrasonic impact is removed, secondary ultrasonic impact is carried out on the basis of the surface transition layer 8, a part of the transition layer generates a new secondary ultrasonic impact rear plastic deformation layer 9 with finer grains, the other part generates an original surface transition layer 10 with finer grains, and a part of the parent metal generates a new secondary ultrasonic impact rear surface transition layer 11, so that the thickness of the grain refining layer is deeper, and the residual compressive stress effect is more remarkable.
During secondary ultrasonic impact, ultrasonic impact parameters are optimized, the impact speed is 25% lower than that of primary ultrasonic impact so as to obtain more uniform surface refinement, and the amplitude is 50% higher than that of primary ultrasonic impact so as to enable a grain refinement layer to be deeper.
And in the ultrasonic impact process, the ultrasonic impact equipment is used for carrying out impact treatment on the metal surface under the self-weight condition until the impact coverage rate reaches 300 percent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. through ultrasonic impact and surface de-lamination composite treatment, the effect of ultrasonic impact grain refinement can be further enhanced, the thickness of the surface plastic deformation layer is deepened, and the effect of residual compressive stress is enhanced.
2. Simple operation, low cost, green and energy saving. The practicability is strong.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic impact device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic impact treatment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the surface de-layering process of the present invention after ultrasonic impact;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a secondary ultrasonic impact treatment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic image of surface microcracks of the invention after ultrasonic impact;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic image of an ultrasonic impact specimen according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a metallographic image of a sample treated by a combination of ultrasonic impact and surface delamination in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is S-N curves of a parent metal, ultrasonic impact, and a surface de-lamination composite surface treatment magnesium alloy fatigue test specimen according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an ultrasonic generator; 2. an ultrasonic transducer; 3. an amplitude transformer; 4. an ultrasonic impact pin; 5. a substrate; 6. microcracking; 7. a plastic deformation layer; 8. a surface transition layer; 9. a plastic deformation layer after secondary ultrasonic impact; 10. an original surface transition layer with finer crystal grains; 11. and (5) performing secondary ultrasonic impact on the surface transition layer.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention and its embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the method for treating a metal surface by combining ultrasonic impact and surface de-coating according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
step one, one-time ultrasonic impact: performing metal surface treatment by using ultrasonic impact equipment to form a plastic deformation layer 7 and a surface transition layer 8;
step two, removing microcracks: after the primary ultrasonic impact treatment is finished, uniformly grinding the metal surface by using sand paper until the plastic deformation layer 7 on the surface is completely removed so as to remove microcracks 6 existing in the primary ultrasonic impact;
step three, secondary ultrasonic impact: and performing secondary ultrasonic impact on the metal surface, wherein the impact part is a surface transition layer 8 after the primary ultrasonic impact, so that the effect of grain refinement is further enhanced, the thickness of the grain refinement layer is deepened, and the effect of residual compressive stress is enhanced.
In the technical scheme, the speed of the primary ultrasonic impact and the speed of the secondary ultrasonic impact are kept at 1 mm/s-5 mm/s (the speed is too low and is easy to damage on the surface, and the processing effect is weakened if the speed is too high), a single ultrasonic impact needle is adopted, the diameter d of the impact needle is 3 mm-6 mm (the impact needle with the too small diameter is easy to break and is too large and is difficult to process uniformly), the amplitude is 10-30 mu m (the impact effect with the too small amplitude is too weak and the surface is damaged if the amplitude is too high), the impact speed is lower than that of the primary ultrasonic impact during the secondary ultrasonic impact, and the amplitude is higher than that of the primary ultrasonic impact (the secondary ultrasonic impact effect is enhanced and crystal grains are refined).
In the above-mentioned technical solution, the sandpaper is diamond sandpaper, and when performing surface grinding, it is necessary to completely remove the plastic deformation layer 7 on the surface, and to uniformly cover the entire metal surface during the treatment, so as to eliminate the microcracks 6 left by one ultrasonic impact.
In the technical scheme, after the plastic deformation layer 7 left by primary ultrasonic impact is removed, secondary ultrasonic impact is carried out on the basis of the surface transition layer 8, a part of the transition layer generates a new secondary ultrasonic impact post-plastic deformation layer 9 with finer grains, the other part generates an original surface transition layer 10 with finer grains, and a part of the parent metal generates a new secondary ultrasonic impact post-surface transition layer 11, so that the thickness of the grain refining layer is deeper, and the residual compressive stress effect is more obvious.
During secondary ultrasonic impact, ultrasonic impact parameters are optimized, the impact speed is 25% lower than that of primary ultrasonic impact so as to obtain more uniform surface refinement, and the amplitude is 50% higher than that of primary ultrasonic impact so as to enable a grain refinement layer to be deeper.
In the technical scheme, the ultrasonic impact equipment is used for carrying out impact treatment on the metal surface under the condition of dead weight during ultrasonic impact, repeated impact is carried out along the same direction during impact until continuous, uniform and bright grooves are processed, and the impact is continued in the parallel direction until the impact coverage rate reaches 300%.
When the coverage rate is tested, a marking pen or fluorescent agent with obvious color and metal material contrast is used for coating a mark on a region to be processed before ultrasonic impact processing, the marking pen or fluorescent agent is used for checking by a magnifying lens with 5-10 times of color after impact, whether the processing is finished or not is judged according to the color depth, the time of the whole processing is recorded as 100%, and the processing is finished once again by using the same time, namely 200%.
After the ultrasonic impact and surface de-lamination composite surface treatment is completed according to the method, the ultrasonic impact sample and the composite surface treatment sample are cut by wire cutting and compared. After grinding and polishing, the metallographic phase is observed, the crystal grains are more refined due to the composite surface treatment effect, and the thickness of the refined layer of the crystal grains is deepened.
For the magnesium alloy plate subjected to ultrasonic impact, a plastic deformation layer and a surface transition layer are formed on the surface of the magnesium alloy plate, after the surface plastic deformation layer is removed by using sand paper, when the surface is subjected to ultrasonic impact again, the impact part is the surface transition layer, after the impact, a new plastic deformation layer is formed on the basis of the surface transition layer, the surface crystal grains of the magnesium alloy are more refined, the thickness of the plastic deformation layer is further deepened, the microcracks left by one-time ultrasonic impact are removed, and the fatigue performance of the magnesium alloy is further improved on the basis of the ultrasonic impact.
Example (b):
the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the specific embodiments and descriptions are only used for explaining the present invention, but not for limiting the present invention.
The metal plate material related to the embodiment is magnesium alloy AZ31B, the plate size is 300 multiplied by 40 multiplied by 10, the ultrasonic impact device is HJ-III type ultrasonic impact device developed by Tianjin university welding engineering research institute, the device schematic diagram is shown in figure 1, a mains supply is converted into high-frequency high-voltage alternating current through an ultrasonic generator 1, an ultrasonic transducer 2 converts input electric energy into mechanical energy, namely ultrasonic wave, the input amplitude is amplified through an amplitude transformer 3, meanwhile, impact force is applied to an ultrasonic impact needle 4, and under the action of self weight, the substrate 5 is impacted.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, cleaning the surface of a magnesium alloy plate before ultrasonic impact, removing a surface oxidation film by using sand paper until silver metal luster is exposed, cleaning oil stains and dirt on the surface by using alcohol, drying the surface, and then uniformly coating the whole magnesium alloy surface by using a marking pen.
Setting ultrasonic impact parameters, wherein in the example, the ultrasonic impact frequency is 18.0kHZ, the current is set to be 2A, the amplitude is 10 mu m, a single ultrasonic impact needle is used, the diameter of the impact needle is 3mm, the walking speed is 2mm/s, the ultrasonic impact treatment is carried out on the surface of the magnesium alloy under the condition of dead weight, the impact is repeatedly carried out along the same direction until continuous, uniform and bright grooves are processed, the time of 100% coverage rate is recorded, and the impact is repeated until the coverage rate reaches 300%.
And thirdly, uniformly grinding the magnesium alloy metal surface in the same direction by using No. 400 diamond abrasive paper until no surface deformation layer is observed, and then grinding again by using No. 600 diamond abrasive paper perpendicular to the processing direction of No. 400 abrasive paper so as to completely remove the surface microcracks shown in the figure 3.
And fourthly, when secondary ultrasonic impact is carried out, on the basis of the primary ultrasonic impact, the amplitude setting is increased to 15 mu m, the walking speed is reduced to 1.5mm/s, the other parameters are kept unchanged, secondary ultrasonic impact treatment is carried out on the magnesium alloy plate with the surface deformation layer removed, after the plastic deformation layer 7 left by the primary ultrasonic impact is removed, the microcracks 6 are removed, secondary ultrasonic impact is carried out on the basis of the surface transition layer 8, a part of the transition layer generates a new secondary ultrasonic impact post-plastic deformation layer 9 with refined grains, the other part generates an original surface transition layer 10 with refined grains, and a part of parent metal generates a new secondary ultrasonic impact post-surface transition layer 11, so that the thickness of the refined grains is deeper, and the residual compressive stress effect is more remarkable.
And fifthly, processing the untreated magnesium alloy sample, the ultrasonic impact sample and the secondary ultrasonic impact sample after the surface deformation layer is removed by wire cutting to prepare a fatigue sample, observing the fracture morphology of the fatigue sample, and testing the fatigue performance of the fatigue sample.
As shown in FIG. 2, after the ultrasonic impact treatment, the plastic deformation layer and the plastic deformation transition layer appear, in which the microcracks appear as shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 3, the influence of the microcracks can be eliminated by removing the surface deformation layer, and the surface deformation layer is left, as shown in FIG. 4, and the ultrasonic impact is performed again, so that finer crystal grains can be obtained, and the effect of strengthening the residual compressive stress can be obtained.
Fig. 6 is a phase diagram of a sample subjected to ultrasonic impact treatment, fig. 7 is a phase diagram of a sample subjected to ultrasonic impact and surface de-lamination composite surface treatment, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, a plastic deformation layer and a plastic deformation transition layer appear after ultrasonic impact, and after ultrasonic impact and surface de-lamination composite surface treatment, the thickness of the plastic deformation layer is increased, and crystal grains are more refined.
Comparing the fatigue properties of the untreated magnesium alloy sample, the ultrasonic impact sample and the ultrasonic impact and surface de-layering composite surface treatment sample, as can be seen from figure 8, the fatigue properties of the magnesium alloy can be improved by ultrasonic impact, and the fatigue properties of the ultrasonic impact and surface de-layering composite surface treatment are superior to the properties of pure ultrasonic impact treatment.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A metal surface treatment method combining ultrasonic impact and surface de-coating is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, one-time ultrasonic impact: performing metal surface treatment by using ultrasonic impact equipment to form a plastic deformation layer (7) and a surface transition layer (8);
step two, removing microcracks: after the ultrasonic impact treatment is finished, uniformly grinding the metal surface by using sand paper until a plastic deformation layer (7) on the surface is completely removed so as to remove microcracks (6) existing in the ultrasonic impact treatment;
step three, secondary ultrasonic impact: carrying out secondary ultrasonic impact on the metal surface, wherein the impact part is a surface transition layer (8) after the primary ultrasonic impact, further strengthening the grain refinement effect, deepening the thickness of the grain refinement layer and strengthening the effect of residual compressive stress;
after the plastic deformation layer (7) left by the primary ultrasonic impact is removed, secondary ultrasonic impact is carried out on the basis of the surface transition layer (8), a part of the transition layer generates a new secondary ultrasonic impact plastic deformation layer (9) with finer grains, the other part generates an original surface transition layer (10) with finer grains, and a part of the parent metal generates a new secondary ultrasonic impact surface transition layer (11), so that the thickness of the grain refining layer is deeper, and the residual compressive stress effect is more obvious;
during secondary ultrasonic impact, ultrasonic impact parameters are optimized, the impact speed is 25% lower than that of primary ultrasonic impact so as to obtain more uniform surface refinement, and the amplitude is 50% higher than that of primary ultrasonic impact so as to enable a grain refinement layer to be deeper.
2. The method of surface treatment of metals by combination of ultrasonic impact and surface de-lamination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal surface is subjected to plastic deformation layer (7) and surface transition layer (8) through one-time ultrasonic impact, the ultrasonic impact speed is kept at 1-5 mm/s, a single ultrasonic impact needle is adopted, the diameter d of the impact needle is 3-6 mm, and the amplitude is 10-30 microns.
3. The method of surface treatment of metals by combination of ultrasonic impact and surface de-lamination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sand paper is diamond sand paper, when surface grinding is carried out, the plastic deformation layer (7) on the surface needs to be completely removed, and the whole metal surface is uniformly covered during treatment so as to eliminate micro cracks (6) left by one-time ultrasonic impact.
4. The method of surface treatment of metals by combination of ultrasonic impact and surface de-lamination according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the ultrasonic impact process, the ultrasonic impact equipment is used for carrying out impact treatment on the metal surface under the self-weight condition until the impact coverage rate reaches 300 percent.
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 超声冲击和机械打磨提高SMA490BW钢焊接接头超高周疲劳性能;何柏林等;《中国铁道科学》;20170930;第38卷(第5期);第107-112页 * |
| 超声冲击残余应力场的有限元模拟;李进一等;《航空材料学报》;20120229;第32卷(第1期);第84-88页 * |
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