CN112280939A - Low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112280939A CN112280939A CN202011084734.4A CN202011084734A CN112280939A CN 112280939 A CN112280939 A CN 112280939A CN 202011084734 A CN202011084734 A CN 202011084734A CN 112280939 A CN112280939 A CN 112280939A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of steel rail preparation, and discloses a low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises converter smelting or electric furnace smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, protective casting, cooling, heating by a heating furnace, rolling, heat treatment and post treatment; spraying fluorite and CaO into the molten steel in the RH vacuum treatment process, wherein the mass ratio of the fluorite to the CaO is 1: 1-4; the depth of the vacuum pump inserted into the molten steel is 450mm and 700 mm; the flow rate of the argon gas is 1200 and 1400 NL/min; the vacuum treatment time is more than or equal to 15min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is more than or equal to 12 min. The method can greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the steel rail and meet the requirements of the steel rail for the heavy haul railway while reducing the hydrogen content in the high-strength hypereutectoid steel rail, and the prepared steel rail steel has the hydrogen content of less than or equal to 1.2ppm, the tensile strength of more than or equal to 1400MPa and the elongation of more than or equal to 10 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel rail preparation, in particular to a low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hydrogen hazard in steel is mainly manifested by causing severe defects such as "hydrogen embrittlement", which decreases the plasticity of the steel, increases the brittleness, and causes sudden brittle fracture of the steel under the action of stress below its ultimate strength, as well as "white spots" and point-like segregation, static load fatigue fracture, etc.
The hydrogen in the steel is mainly in the smelting process, and trace hydrogen can be remained in the steel after the molten steel is solidified. During the solidification of metal, the dissolved hydrogen is not released in time and diffuses to the vicinity of the defect in the metal, and atomic hydrogen is combined into molecular hydrogen at the defect and is continuously accumulated at room temperature, so that huge internal pressure is generated, and the metal cracks.
Hydrogen embrittlement generally manifests itself as delayed fracture, and the delayed fracture phenomenon is caused by diffusion and accumulation of hydrogen in the interior of a part to a stress concentration site, and many metal defects (such as dislocation of atomic lattice, voids, etc.) are present in the stress concentration site. The hydrogen diffuses to these defects and the hydrogen atoms become hydrogen molecules, generating a great pressure which, together with the residual stresses inside the material and the applied stresses to which the material is subjected, constitute a resultant force which, when it exceeds the yield strength of the material, causes the fracture to occur. Since hydrogen embrittlement is associated with diffusion of hydrogen atoms, diffusion is time-consuming, and the rate of diffusion is related to concentration gradients, temperature, and material species.
Generally, when the tensile strength of the steel material is more than 1200MPa, delayed fracture is easily caused. Therefore, hydrogen embrittlement is a major concern for hypereutectoid high strength rail steels.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the content of hydrogen in steel rails is high, hydrogen embrittlement is easy to cause, and further the delayed fracture of the steel rails is easy to cause, and provides a low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides a method for preparing a low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail, which comprises converter smelting or electric furnace smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, protective casting, cooling, heating in a heating furnace, rolling, heat treatment and post-treatment;
in the RH vacuum treatment process, fluorite and CaO are sprayed into the molten steel, and the mass ratio of the fluorite to the CaO is 1: 1-4; the depth of the vacuum pump inserted into the molten steel is 450mm and 700 mm; the flow rate of the argon gas is 1200 and 1400 NL/min; the vacuum treatment time is more than or equal to 15min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is more than or equal to 12 min.
Preferably, in the RH vacuum treatment process, the mass ratio of the fluorite to the CaO sprayed into the molten steel is 1: 1.8-2.2.
Preferably, during the RH vacuum treatment, the depth of the vacuum pump inserted into the molten steel is 550-650 mm.
Preferably, in the RH vacuum treatment process, the vacuum treatment time is more than or equal to 18min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is more than or equal to 15 min.
Preferably, in the cooling process, a slow cooling pit is adopted for slow cooling, and the slow cooling time is controlled to be more than or equal to 24 hours.
Preferably, during the heating process of the heating furnace, the heating temperature of the steel billet is 1230-1280 ℃; the heat preservation time of the soaking section is 150-240 min.
Preferably, the rolling process adopts 11-15 passes of rolling.
Preferably, the heat treatment process utilizes the rolling residual heat to carry out forced cooling at a cooling speed of 1-4 ℃/s.
Preferably, the post-treatment includes straightening, inspection and processing.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail prepared by the method as described above, wherein the low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail contains 0.8-1.2 wt% of C, based on the total weight of the low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail.
RH vacuum treatment is the main dehydrogenation mode of rail steel, and generally the dehydrogenation efficiency reaches more than 65%. After the mixed powder of fluorite and CaO in a certain proportion is sprayed in the RH vacuum treatment, the capability of heterogeneous nucleation of bubbles in the molten steel is obviously enhanced due to the existence of a large amount of fine dispersed solid powder in the molten steel, the dehydrogenation reaction is facilitated, and the hydrogen content in the steel rail can be reduced.
The method can greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the steel rail and meet the requirements of the steel rail for the heavy haul railway while reducing the hydrogen content in the high-strength hypereutectoid steel rail, and the prepared steel rail steel has the hydrogen content of less than or equal to 1.2ppm, the tensile strength of more than or equal to 1400MPa and the elongation of more than or equal to 10 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rail steel hydrogen sample sampling position.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides a preparation method of a low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail, which comprises converter smelting or electric furnace smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, protective casting, cooling, heating by a heating furnace, rolling, heat treatment and post treatment;
in the RH vacuum treatment process, fluorite and CaO are sprayed into the molten steel, and the mass ratio of the fluorite to the CaO is 1: 1-4; the depth of the vacuum pump inserted into the molten steel is 45-700 mm; the flow rate of the argon gas is 1200 and 1400 NL/min; the vacuum treatment time is more than or equal to 15min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is more than or equal to 12 min.
In the RH vacuum treatment process, by adding appropriate proportion of fluorite and CaO into the molten steel, reasonably controlling the operating conditions such as the insertion depth of the vacuum pump into the molten steel, the flow of argon, the vacuum treatment time and the like, and carrying out appropriate protective casting, billet austenite homogenization rolling and heat treatment, the content of hydrogen in the rail steel can be effectively reduced, the hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon is reduced, and the comprehensive performance of the rail is greatly improved.
In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of fluorite to CaO sprayed into the molten steel during the RH vacuum treatment may be any one of 1:1, 1:1.3, 1:1.5, 1:1.7, 1:2, 1:2.3, 1:2.5, 1:2.7, 3, 1:3.2, 1:3.5, 1:3.8, and 4, and any two of these values.
In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the fluorite to the CaO sprayed into the molten steel during the RH vacuum treatment is 1: 1.8-2.2.
In a more preferred embodiment, the ratio of fluorite to CaO sprayed into the molten steel during the RH vacuum treatment is 1:2 by mass.
In a specific embodiment, the depth of the vacuum pump inserted into the molten steel during the RH vacuum treatment may be 450mm, 480mm, 500mm, 520mm, 540mm, 560mm, 580mm, 600mm, 620mm, 640mm, 660mm, 680mm, or 700 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, during the RH vacuum treatment, the vacuum pump is inserted into the molten steel to a depth of 550mm to 650 mm.
In a specific embodiment, the argon flow may be 1200NL/min, 1220NL/min, 1240NL/min, 1260NL/min, 1280NL/min, 1300NL/min, 1320NL/min, 1340NL/min, 1360NL/min, 1380NL/min or 1400NL/min during said RH vacuum treatment.
In the method, in order to reduce the hydrogen content in the steel rail and improve the comprehensive performance of the steel rail, the vacuum treatment time in the RH vacuum treatment process and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar must be reasonably controlled.
In a preferred embodiment, in the RH vacuum treatment process, the vacuum treatment time is more than or equal to 17min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is more than or equal to 14 min.
In a more preferred embodiment, in the RH vacuum treatment process, the vacuum treatment time is more than or equal to 18min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is more than or equal to 15 min.
In the method according to the invention, in addition to the RH vacuum treatment process, the control of other processes is also of importance, such as cooling processes, heating processes in a heating furnace, rolling processes, heat treatment processes, etc.
In a preferred embodiment, a buffer cooling pit is used for buffer cooling during the cooling process.
In the method of the invention, the cooling process controls the slow cooling time to be more than or equal to 24h, preferably controls the slow cooling time to be more than or equal to 26h, and more preferably controls the slow cooling time to be more than or equal to 28 h.
In the method, the heating temperature of the steel billet is 1230-1280 ℃ in the heating process of the heating furnace; the heat preservation time of the soaking section is 150-240 min.
In a specific embodiment, the heating temperature of the billet may be 1230 ℃, 1235 ℃, 1240 ℃, 1245 ℃, 1250 ℃, 1255 ℃, 1260 ℃, 1265 ℃, 1270 ℃, 1275 ℃ or 1280 ℃.
In specific embodiments, the soaking section may be kept at a temperature for 150min, 160min, 170min, 180min, 190min, 200min, 210min, 220min, 230min, or 240 min.
In the method of the present invention, the rolling process may be a routine choice in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the rolling process uses 11-15 passes of rolling. In specific embodiments, the rolling process may employ 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 passes of rolling.
In the method, the heat treatment process utilizes the rolling residual heat to carry out forced cooling at the cooling speed of 1-4 ℃/s. In specific embodiments, the heat treatment process may perform forced cooling at a cooling rate of 1 ℃/s, 2 ℃/s, 3 ℃/s or 4 ℃/s by using the rolling residual heat.
In the method of the present invention, the post-treatment includes a conventional operation step after the heat treatment; specifically, the post-treatment includes straightening, flaw detection, and machining.
In the present invention, the operation steps not specifically described are all the ordinary operations in the art.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail prepared by the method as described above, wherein the low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail contains 0.8-1.2 wt% of C, based on the total weight of the low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail. In a specific embodiment, the content of C in the low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail may be any value in a range of 0.8 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.05 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.15 wt%, 1.2 wt%, or any two of these values.
The high-strength high-toughness hypereutectoid steel rail prepared by the method has the advantages that the hydrogen content is obviously reduced, the comprehensive performance is greatly improved, and the requirements of steel rails for heavy-duty railways can be met, specifically, the hydrogen content in the steel rail prepared by the method is less than or equal to 1.2ppm, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1400MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 10%.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples and comparative examples in the present invention are used to illustrate the preparation process of the low hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rails, and the low hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rails prepared in the examples and comparative examples have the same chemical composition (as shown in table 1).
TABLE 1
Example 1
Furnace charge is subjected to converter smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, protective casting, cooling, heating by a heating furnace, rolling, heat treatment, straightening, flaw detection and processing;
in the RH vacuum treatment process, fluorite and CaO are sprayed into the molten steel, and the mass ratio of the fluorite to the CaO is 1: 2; the depth of the vacuum pump inserted into the molten steel is 600 mm; the argon flow is 1200 NL/min; the vacuum treatment time is 15min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is 12 min;
in the cooling process, a slow cooling pit is adopted for slow cooling, and the slow cooling time is controlled to be 24.5 h; in the heating process of the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 1280 ℃, and the heating time is 150 min; the rolling process adopts 15 passes of rolling; the heat treatment process utilizes the rolling residual heat to carry out forced cooling at the cooling speed of 1 ℃/s.
Example 2
Furnace charge is subjected to electric furnace smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, protective casting, cooling, heating by a heating furnace, rolling, heat treatment, straightening, flaw detection and processing;
in the RH vacuum treatment process, fluorite and CaO are sprayed into the molten steel, and the mass ratio of the fluorite to the CaO is 1: 2; the depth of the vacuum pump inserted into the molten steel is 600 mm; the argon flow is 1200 NL/min; the vacuum treatment time is 17min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is 14 min;
in the cooling process, a slow cooling pit is adopted for slow cooling, and the slow cooling time is controlled to be 25 h; in the heating process of the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 1230 ℃, and the heating time is 240 min; the rolling process adopts 11 passes of rolling; the heat treatment process utilizes the rolling residual heat to carry out forced cooling at the cooling speed of 4 ℃/s.
Example 3
Furnace charge is subjected to electric furnace smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, protective casting, cooling, heating by a heating furnace, rolling, heat treatment, straightening, flaw detection and processing;
in the RH vacuum treatment process, fluorite and CaO are sprayed into the molten steel, and the mass ratio of the fluorite to the CaO is 1: 2; the depth of the vacuum pump inserted into the molten steel is 600 mm; the argon flow is 1200 NL/min; the vacuum treatment time is 19min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is 16 min;
in the cooling process, a slow cooling pit is adopted for slow cooling, and the slow cooling time is controlled to be 24 hours; in the heating process of the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 1250 ℃, and the heating time is 200 min; the rolling process adopts 13 passes of rolling; the heat treatment process utilizes rolling residual heat to carry out forced cooling at a cooling speed of 3 ℃/s.
Example 4
The process of example 3 was followed, except that in the RH vacuum treatment, the ratio of fluorite to CaO sprayed into the molten steel was 1:1 by mass.
Example 5
The process of example 3 was followed, except that in the RH vacuum treatment, the ratio of fluorite to CaO sprayed into the molten steel was 1:4 by mass.
Example 6
The process of example 3 was followed, except that, during the RH vacuum treatment, the vacuum pump was inserted into the molten steel to a depth of 450 mm.
Example 7
The process of example 3 was followed, except that, during the RH vacuum treatment, the vacuum pump was inserted into the molten steel to a depth of 700 mm.
Example 8
The procedure is as in example 3, except that, during the RH vacuum treatment, the argon flow is 1400 NL/min.
Comparative example 1
Furnace charge is subjected to electric furnace smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, protective casting, cooling, heating by a heating furnace, rolling, heat treatment, straightening, flaw detection and processing;
in the RH vacuum treatment process, the depth of the vacuum pump inserted into the molten steel is 600 mm; the argon flow is 1200 NL/min; the vacuum treatment time is 10min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is 8 min;
in the cooling process, a slow cooling pit is adopted for slow cooling, and the slow cooling time is controlled to be 24 hours; in the heating process of the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 1250 ℃, and the heating time is 200 min; the rolling process adopts 13 passes of rolling; the heat treatment process utilizes rolling residual heat to carry out forced cooling at a cooling speed of 3 ℃/s.
Comparative example 2
The process of example 3 was followed, except that in the RH vacuum treatment, the ratio of fluorite to CaO sprayed into the molten steel was 1:5 by mass.
Comparative example 3
The process of example 3 was followed, except that, during the RH vacuum treatment, the vacuum pump was inserted into the molten steel to a depth of 400 mm.
Comparative example 4
The procedure of example 3 was followed except that during the RH vacuum treatment, the vacuum treatment time was 12 min.
Comparative example 5
The procedure is as in example 3, except that, in the RH vacuum treatment, the treatment time is 9min at a vacuum of 3mbar or less.
Test example
The steel rails prepared in examples and comparative examples were subjected to hydrogen sampling at the positions shown in fig. 1, and tensile specimens were processed and tested at the rounded corner positions, according to the test method of GB/T228.1 metal tensile specimen, and the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The results in table 1 show that the steel rail prepared by the method of the present invention has significantly reduced hydrogen content, significantly improved elongation, and improved yield strength, tensile strength, and reduction of area, and thus the steel rail prepared by the method of the present invention has significantly reduced hydrogen content and greatly improved comprehensive properties.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail is characterized by comprising converter smelting or electric furnace smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, protective casting, cooling, heating by a heating furnace, rolling, heat treatment and post-treatment;
in the RH vacuum treatment process, fluorite and CaO are sprayed into the molten steel, and the mass ratio of the fluorite to the CaO is 1: 1-4; the depth of the vacuum pump inserted into the molten steel is 450mm and 700 mm; the flow rate of the argon gas is 1200 and 1400 NL/min; the vacuum treatment time is more than or equal to 15min, and the treatment time with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 3mbar is more than or equal to 12 min.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of fluorite to CaO injected into the molten steel during the RH vacuum treatment is 1:1.8-2.2 by mass.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the vacuum pump is inserted into the molten steel to a depth of 550-650mm during the RH vacuum treatment.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the RH vacuum treatment process is carried out for a vacuum treatment time of 18min or more and a treatment time of 15min or more with a vacuum degree of 3mbar or less.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the cooling process, a slow cooling pit is used for slow cooling, and the slow cooling time is controlled to be more than or equal to 24 h.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the billet during the heating in the heating furnace is 1230-1280 ℃; the heat preservation time of the soaking section is 150-240 min.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the rolling process uses 11-15 passes.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the heat treatment process uses the residual heat of rolling to perform forced cooling at a cooling rate of 1-4 ℃/s.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the post-processing includes straightening, inspection, and machining.
10. The low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail contains 0.8 to 1.2% by weight of C based on the total weight of the low-hydrogen hypereutectoid steel rail.
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Application publication date: 20210129 |