CN112279616A - Gypsum film shell for protecting steel structure, preparation method thereof and protection structure - Google Patents
Gypsum film shell for protecting steel structure, preparation method thereof and protection structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112279616A CN112279616A CN202011172245.4A CN202011172245A CN112279616A CN 112279616 A CN112279616 A CN 112279616A CN 202011172245 A CN202011172245 A CN 202011172245A CN 112279616 A CN112279616 A CN 112279616A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gypsum film shell for protecting a steel structure, a preparation method thereof and a protection structure, wherein the gypsum film shell is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of gypsum powder, 10-15 parts of mullite powder, 1-2 parts of refractory fiber, 140 parts of water 110-doped silica gel, 20-30 parts of silica sol and 5-10 parts of water glass; the fireproof fiber comprises long fibers and short fibers, the length of the long fibers is 5-10mm, the length of the short fibers is 0.5-1mm, and the long fibers account for 10-20% of the fireproof fiber in percentage by mass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of assembled steel structures, and particularly relates to a gypsum membrane shell for protecting a steel structure, a preparation method of the gypsum membrane shell and a protection structure of the gypsum membrane shell.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
In recent years, the development of assembly type buildings popularized across the country has entered a completely new stage. Along with the application of the assembly type steel structure building is more and more extensive, the fire-resistant method of the assembly type steel structure at the present stage mostly adopts the modes of a fire-resistant coating, an encapsulation method and the like, generally adopts the mode of a fire-proof plate, a refractory brick or concrete pouring, the field construction process of the traditional installation process is complex, the cost is higher, the quality cannot be guaranteed, the local cracking, the damage and the falling of the fire-resistant coating are easily caused in the field construction environment, the damage of the expansion and the contraction of the steel structure to the building caused by poor fire-resistant and high-temperature-resistant performance and poor heat-insulating performance and the influence of external temperature difference is caused, the potential safety hazard is.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a gypsum membrane shell for protecting a steel structure, a preparation method thereof and a protection structure.
To solve the above technical problem, one or more of the following embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a gypsum membrane shell for protecting a steel structure, which consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of gypsum powder, 10-15 parts of mullite powder, 1-2 parts of refractory fiber, 140 parts of water 110-doped silica gel, 20-30 parts of silica sol and 5-10 parts of water glass;
the fireproof fiber comprises long fibers and short fibers, the length of the long fibers is 5-10mm, the length of the short fibers is 0.5-1mm, and the long fibers account for 10-20% of the fireproof fiber in percentage by mass.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the gypsum membrane shell for protecting the steel structure, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing gypsum powder, mullite powder, water, silica sol, water glass and short fibers to obtain a mixture;
adding long fibers into the mixture, and uniformly mixing;
selecting a mould according to the shape of a steel structure to be protected;
and then pouring and molding the mixed gypsum slurry, demolding, standing and curing, drying and roasting to obtain the gypsum membrane shell.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a protective structure of a steel structure, which comprises a steel structure to be protected and a gypsum film shell, wherein the gypsum film shell is assembled and installed on the steel structure, and a connecting gap between the gypsum film shells and the steel structure are bonded by adopting a bonding agent.
Compared with the prior art, one or more technical schemes of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
gypsum membrane shell can batch production, the assembled installation, the production quality of gypsum membrane shell obtains wholly controlling, membrane shell thickness is about 45mm, design the shape of membrane shell according to the steel construction atress component appearance that will wrap up, wrap up gypsum membrane shell on steel construction material, adopt the binder to adhere and live the gap between the membrane shell tie point, make membrane shell firmly wrap up on steel construction material, not fragile at the work progress, also can effectively prevent the damage of steel construction expansion contraction to the building that causes because of the difference in temperature that the temperature variation caused, play the energy-conserving effect of constant temperature, the whole fire prevention high temperature resistance performance of assembled steel structure has both been strengthened, can promote the aesthetic property of assembly decorations steel construction again.
Adopt refractory fiber in the gypsum membrane shell, refractory fiber is by long fiber and short fiber cooperation, the long fiber can be consolidated the gypsum membrane shell in great within range, can prevent effectively that the gypsum membrane shell from long fissured production in the use, the short fiber carries out tiny local enhancement to the gypsum membrane shell, can prevent the production of tiny crackle effectively, the cooperation of long fiber and short fiber is used, can show and improve the gypsum membrane shell and easily crack, the damage, the scheduling problem drops, and then comparatively favourable to the durability that improves the gypsum membrane shell, it is more favourable to the fire prevention durability of gypsum membrane shell.
The base body of the gypsum membrane shell adopts gypsum powder and mullite powder, and tests show that the addition of a part of mullite powder in the gypsum powder is more beneficial to improving the fire resistance of the gypsum membrane shell.
Experiments show that when the two adhesives are used in combination, the overall strength and the fire resistance of the gypsum membrane shell are easier to improve.
In addition, the gypsum membrane shell has good heat insulation effect, can effectively prevent the cracking and the damage of the expansion and the contraction of the steel structure to the building caused by the temperature difference change, and also has certain heat insulation effect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gypsum membrane shell assembled on an i-steel in the embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, 1, gypsum membrane shell joint seam, 2, gypsum membrane shell, 3, I-steel.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a gypsum membrane shell for protecting a steel structure, which consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of gypsum powder, 10-15 parts of mullite powder, 1-2 parts of refractory fiber, 140 parts of water 110-doped silica gel, 20-30 parts of silica sol and 5-10 parts of water glass;
the fireproof fiber comprises long fibers and short fibers, the length of the long fibers is 5-10mm, the length of the short fibers is 0.5-1mm, and the long fibers account for 10-20% of the fireproof fiber in percentage by mass.
Gypsum film shell (main component CaSO)4·2H2O) the endothermic process of fire retardation in case of fire is roughly divided into 3 stages: firstly, evaporating free water molecules in the plate core to absorb heat; secondly, crystal water is separated, and molecular bonds are destroyed to absorb heat; finally, the crystal water is evaporated to absorb heat. CaSO4·2H2The heat absorbed by O in the case of fire was 1256kJ/kg, the heat absorbed by crystal water desorption was 712kJ/kg, and the heat absorbed by crystal water evaporation was 544 kJ/kg. The gypsum membrane shell has good heat insulation performance and is a poor conductor of heat. When a fire breaks out, the heat transmitted to the back fire surface of the gypsum board is less, the balance temperature is low, the situation that the back fire surface reaches the ignition point or other objects are ignited due to the temperature rise of the back fire surface can be avoided for a long time, and the spread of the fire can be delayed. The heat conductivity coefficient of the gypsum membrane shell is lower and is about 0.19-0.20W/(m.k), the temperature of the fire-facing side is 1000 ℃, the thickness of the gypsum membrane shell is 45mm, when a fire disaster occurs, the temperature of the fire-facing side of the gypsum membrane shell does not exceed 140 ℃ even if the gypsum membrane shell is burnt for 3 hours at high temperature, the temperature of the fire-backing side of the gypsum membrane shell effectively plays a role in isolating the fire, the self strength of steel (Q345) begins to be reduced when the temperature reaches 200 ℃, and therefore when the fire disaster occurs, the gypsum membrane shell and the steel structure stress member jointly act, the bearing capacity cannot be lost, and then the collapse of a building is caused. The membrane shell has a heat preservation effect, and reduces the damage to the building caused by the expansion and contraction of the steel structure due to the influence of the external temperature difference.
Adopt refractory fiber in the gypsum membrane shell, refractory fiber is by long fiber and short fiber cooperation, the long fiber can be consolidated the gypsum membrane shell in great within range, can prevent effectively that the gypsum membrane shell from long fissured production in the use, the short fiber carries out tiny local enhancement to the gypsum membrane shell, can prevent the production of tiny crackle effectively, the cooperation of long fiber and short fiber is used, can show and improve the gypsum membrane shell and easily crack, the damage, the scheduling problem drops, and then comparatively favourable to the durability that improves the gypsum membrane shell, it is more favourable to the fire prevention durability of gypsum membrane shell.
The base body of the gypsum membrane shell adopts gypsum powder and mullite powder, and tests show that the addition of a part of mullite powder in the gypsum powder is more beneficial to improving the fire resistance of the gypsum membrane shell.
Experiments show that when the two adhesives are used in combination, the overall strength and the fire resistance of the gypsum membrane shell are easier to improve.
In some embodiments, the refractory fibers are alumino-silicate fibers, mullite fibers, alumina fibers, or zirconia fibers.
Further, the refractory fiber is mullite fiber.
In some embodiments, the long fibers have a length of 5 to 7mm and the short fibers have a length of 0.5 to 0.8 mm.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of silica sol to water glass is 3: 1.
Tests show that when the silica sol and the water glass are mixed according to a specific mass, the prepared gypsum membrane shell has good durability.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the gypsum membrane shell for protecting the steel structure, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing gypsum powder, mullite powder, water, silica sol, water glass and short fibers to obtain a mixture;
adding long fibers into the mixture, and uniformly mixing;
selecting a mould according to the shape of a steel structure to be protected;
and then pouring and molding the mixed gypsum slurry, demolding, standing and curing, drying and roasting to obtain the gypsum membrane shell.
When the short fibers and the long fibers are added and mixed at the same time, the short fibers are not easy to be mixed uniformly due to the existence of the long fibers, and when the short fibers and the long fibers are added separately, the mixing uniformity degree of the refractory fibers and the matrix is improved.
In some embodiments, the firing process is: heating to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, then heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, finally heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 h;
then, the mixture is taken out after being cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, and the heating rate in the roasting process is 3-5 ℃/min.
In some embodiments, the drying is drying in hot air.
Further, the temperature of the hot air is 80-100 ℃.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a protective structure of a steel structure, which comprises a steel structure to be protected and a gypsum film shell, wherein the gypsum film shell is assembled and installed on the steel structure, and a connecting gap between the gypsum film shells and the steel structure are bonded by adopting a bonding agent.
According to the atress component of assembled steel structure, generally with H shaped steel, cylindrical steel, square column shaped steel etc. more, the gypsum membrane shell is made according to these several steel structural shapes, and H shaped steel and square column shaped steel all cover whole steel construction atress component with square column shaped steel gypsum membrane shell, adopt the mode of combination formula concatenation, make things convenient for construction line site work personnel to assemble.
Example 1
A gypsum membrane shell for protecting a steel structure comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of gypsum powder, 10 parts of mullite powder, 2 parts of refractory fiber (mullite fiber), 140 parts of water, 20 parts of silica sol and 10 parts of water glass;
the fireproof fiber comprises long fibers and short fibers, the length of the long fibers is 5-10mm, the length of the short fibers is 0.5-1mm, and the long fibers account for 15% of the fireproof fiber by mass.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing gypsum powder, mullite powder, water, silica sol, water glass and short fibers to obtain a mixture; adding long fibers into the mixture, and uniformly mixing; the shape of the steel structure to be protected is I-shaped steel, and a die with a proper shape is selected; then pouring and molding the mixed gypsum slurry, demolding, standing and curing, drying and roasting to obtain a gypsum film shell, wherein the thickness of the gypsum film shell is 4.5 cm;
the roasting process comprises the following steps: heating to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, then heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, finally heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 h; then, the mixture is taken out after being cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, and the heating rate in the roasting process is 4 ℃/min.
And assembling the prepared gypsum membrane shells on the I-shaped steel, and sticking the gaps among the gypsum membrane shells by using an adhesive. As shown in fig. 1.
The I-steel assembled with the gypsum membrane shell is transversely placed on a furnace fire for burning, and the flame temperature is 900-. The time for firing the furnace was 24 hours. After the test is finished, no obvious crack is found in the gypsum film shell on the I-steel. And (3) detecting the mechanical property of the I-shaped steel, wherein the mechanical property of the I-shaped steel is not obviously changed (the condition that the tensile strength of the I-shaped steel is reduced by 1 percent).
Example 2
A gypsum membrane shell for protecting a steel structure comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of gypsum powder, 15 parts of mullite powder, 2 parts of refractory fiber (aluminum silicate fiber), 120 parts of water, 25 parts of silica sol and 7 parts of water glass;
the fireproof fiber comprises long fibers and short fibers, the length of the long fibers is 5-10mm, the length of the short fibers is 0.5-1mm, and the long fibers account for 20% of the fireproof fiber in percentage by mass.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing gypsum powder, mullite powder, water, silica sol, water glass and short fibers to obtain a mixture; adding long fibers into the mixture, and uniformly mixing; the shape of the steel structure to be protected is I-shaped steel, and a die with a proper shape is selected; then pouring and molding the mixed gypsum slurry, demolding, standing and curing, drying and roasting to obtain a gypsum film shell, wherein the thickness of the gypsum film shell is 4.5 cm;
the roasting process comprises the following steps: heating to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, then heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, finally heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 h; then, the mixture is taken out after being cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, and the heating rate in the roasting process is 4 ℃/min.
And assembling the prepared gypsum membrane shells on the I-shaped steel, and sticking the gaps among the gypsum membrane shells by using an adhesive.
The I-steel assembled with the gypsum membrane shell is transversely placed on a furnace fire for burning, and the flame temperature is 900-. The time for firing the furnace was 24 hours. After the test is finished, no obvious crack is found in the gypsum film shell on the I-steel. And (3) detecting the mechanical property of the I-shaped steel, wherein the mechanical property of the I-shaped steel is not obviously changed (the condition that the tensile strength of the I-shaped steel is reduced by 1 percent).
Example 3
A gypsum membrane shell for protecting a steel structure comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of gypsum powder, 12 parts of mullite powder, 1.5 parts of refractory fiber (alumina fiber), 120 parts of water, 30 parts of silica sol and 10 parts of water glass;
the fireproof fiber comprises long fibers and short fibers, the length of the long fibers is 5-10mm, the length of the short fibers is 0.5-1mm, and the long fibers account for 18% of the fireproof fiber by mass.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing gypsum powder, mullite powder, water, silica sol, water glass and short fibers to obtain a mixture; adding long fibers into the mixture, and uniformly mixing; the shape of the steel structure to be protected is I-shaped steel, and a die with a proper shape is selected; then pouring and molding the mixed gypsum slurry, demolding, standing and curing, drying and roasting to obtain a gypsum film shell, wherein the thickness of the gypsum film shell is 4.5 cm;
the roasting process comprises the following steps: heating to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, then heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, finally heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 h; then, the mixture is taken out after being cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, and the heating rate in the roasting process is 4 ℃/min.
And assembling the prepared gypsum membrane shells on the I-shaped steel, and sticking the gaps among the gypsum membrane shells by using an adhesive.
The I-steel assembled with the gypsum membrane shell is transversely placed on a furnace fire for burning, and the flame temperature is 900-. The time for firing the furnace was 24 hours. After the test is finished, no obvious crack is found in the gypsum film shell on the I-steel. And (3) detecting the mechanical property of the I-shaped steel, wherein the mechanical property of the I-shaped steel is not obviously changed (the condition that the tensile strength of the I-shaped steel is reduced by 1 percent).
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: the mullite powder is replaced by gypsum powder, and the rest is the same.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: the refractory fibers are all short fibers.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: the refractory fibers are all long fibers.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that: silica sol was used instead of water glass.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that: the silica sol was replaced with water glass.
The gypsum film shells prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-5 are transversely placed on a fire and burned, the two ends of each gypsum film shell are supported, the middle part of each gypsum film shell is suspended, a 1kg counterweight is placed on each gypsum film shell, the counterweight is placed on the suspended part in the middle part, the temperature of the fire is 900-.
TABLE 1
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a gypsum membrane shell for being directed at steel construction protects which characterized in that: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of gypsum powder, 10-15 parts of mullite powder, 1-2 parts of refractory fiber, 140 parts of water 110-doped silica gel, 20-30 parts of silica sol and 5-10 parts of water glass;
the fireproof fiber comprises long fibers and short fibers, the length of the long fibers is 5-10mm, the length of the short fibers is 0.5-1mm, and the long fibers account for 10-20% of the fireproof fiber in percentage by mass.
2. The gypsum film shell for protecting against steel structures of claim 1, wherein: the refractory fiber is aluminum silicate fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber or zirconia fiber.
3. The gypsum film shell for protecting against steel structures of claim 2, wherein: the refractory fiber is mullite fiber.
4. The gypsum film shell for protecting against steel structures of claim 1, wherein: the long fiber has a length of 5-7mm, and the short fiber has a length of 0.5-0.8 mm.
5. The gypsum film shell for protecting against steel structures of claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the silica sol to the water glass is 3: 1.
6. The method for preparing the gypsum film shell for protecting a steel structure of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing gypsum powder, mullite powder, water, silica sol, water glass and short fibers to obtain a mixture;
adding long fibers into the mixture, and uniformly mixing;
selecting a mould according to the shape of a steel structure to be protected;
and then pouring and molding the mixed gypsum slurry, demolding, standing and curing, drying and roasting to obtain the gypsum membrane shell.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the roasting process comprises the following steps: heating to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, then heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, finally heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 h;
then, the mixture is taken out after being cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, and the heating rate in the roasting process is 3-5 ℃/min.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein: the drying is drying in hot air.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein: the temperature of the hot air is 80-100 ℃.
10. The utility model provides a protective structure of steel construction which characterized in that: including treating the protection steel construction with gypsum membrane shell, gypsum membrane shell assembly installation is on the steel construction, adopts the binder to bond between the joint line between the gypsum membrane shell and the steel construction.
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| 张亚梅: "《土木工程材料 第5版》", 30 June 2013, 东南大学出版社 * |
| 江见鲸: "《建筑工程事故分析与处理 第2版》", 31 July 2003, 中国建筑工业出版社 * |
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