CN112279343A - Plasma device of biomass carbon material and sewage-nitrogen fertilizer irrigation recycling method thereof - Google Patents

Plasma device of biomass carbon material and sewage-nitrogen fertilizer irrigation recycling method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112279343A
CN112279343A CN202011130636.XA CN202011130636A CN112279343A CN 112279343 A CN112279343 A CN 112279343A CN 202011130636 A CN202011130636 A CN 202011130636A CN 112279343 A CN112279343 A CN 112279343A
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agricultural
water
recycling
biomass
wastewater
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王铁成
许志强
康召
屈广周
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Northwest A&F University
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Northwest A&F University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/4608Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods using electrical discharges
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma device of biomass carbon material, which comprises a plasma generator, an air pump, a water storage tank and a data acquisition and control system, wherein the inside of the plasma generator is filled with the biomass carbon material. A method for irrigating and recycling sewage-nitrogen fertilizer comprises the steps of filling biomass carbon materials in a plasma generator, and carrying out pulse corona discharge to obtain treated agricultural water. The condition of the pulse corona discharge is influenced by biomass carbon materials, the biological oxygen demand of the agricultural wastewater and the water quality requirement of the treated agricultural water. The preparation method of the biomass carbon material comprises the following steps: preparing a 1-carbon precursor; and 2, nitriding and activating the carbon precursor. The invention has the following advantages: 1, improving the energy utilization efficiency and reducing the processing time; 2 utilizing byproduct biomass materials produced in agriculture; 3, realizing the irrigation and recycling of the agricultural wastewater.

Description

Plasma device of biomass carbon material and sewage-nitrogen fertilizer irrigation recycling method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental engineering and the technical field of discharge plasma, in particular to a plasma device of biomass carbon materials and a sewage-nitrogen fertilizer irrigation recycling method thereof.
Background
Agricultural production processes produce large quantities of agricultural wastewater that is rich in pathogens and high concentrations of organic contaminants. The obvious difference between agricultural wastewater and industrial wastewater is that the source of industrial wastewater is relatively concentrated, the problem of industrial wastewater discharge can be effectively solved by treating from the source, and the agricultural wastewater source is dispersed to determine the treatment difficulty. Although the centralized treatment at the water end has advantages in terms of enterprise cost, the serious pollution caused by direct discharge of agricultural wastewater into the environment cannot be solved. Of course, direct irrigation recycling of agricultural wastewater after simple treatment also causes soil deterioration of agricultural land due to a large amount of phosphate and suspended matters remaining in the wastewater.
The method is an effective means for solving the environmental pollution by treating the agricultural wastewater from the source and realizing the irrigation and recycling of the agricultural water. However, the following problems need to be solved for realizing the irrigation and reuse of agricultural water: 1. suspended matter in wastewater; 2. eggs of the disease insect in the wastewater; 3. phosphates and organic contaminants in wastewater; 4. secondary pollution generated by wastewater treatment; 5. the cost of treating wastewater. Wherein, the problem of suspended matters is most easily solved; problems 2, 3, 4 depend on the choice of the method of treating the wastewater; and the cost problem is also a technical improvement after the selection of the treatment method.
In the prior art at present, like the agricultural wastewater treatment device and treatment process in the prior patent 202010280067.0, the agricultural wastewater is treated by adopting polyacrylamide, sodium hydroxide and polymeric ferric sulfate as a dosing system. Although the method has the characteristics of simplicity and convenience in implementation, the method has obvious secondary pollution problem and cannot effectively solve the organic pollutants.
Also as in prior art 201810610511.3, an agricultural wastewater treatment recycling device treats agricultural wastewater by adding drugs, adsorbents and ozone. Increased ozone treatment can solve the problem of organic pollutants, but also requires the addition of chemicals to treat the wastewater.
As long as agricultural wastewater treatment needs adopting medicines, the problems of cost, medicine transportation and storage exist.
The plasma water treatment technology can effectively solve the problems. Active substances generated in the plasma discharge process, including light radical free radicals, oxygen active particles, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and other active substances, are utilized to react organic pollutants and finally converted into carbon dioxide, water and other small molecules, so that the biodegradability of refractory substances is effectively improved. For example, 201510392162.9 a system for deeply degrading refractory organic pollutants in wastewater by using low-temperature plasma realizes the purposes of no need of adding medicines, greatly reducing treatment time and effectively avoiding secondary pollution. Although there are many technical advantages in the plasma-based technology, the problem that cannot be avoided is the problem of low energy efficiency, and finally the technical cost is too high to meet the application requirements.
For example, 202010138644.2A low temperature plasma organic wastewater degradation system in the prior art, improves efficiency by means of plasma in cooperation with ozone and ultraviolet radiation. And as for the 201711399366.0 plasma and ultrasonic combined organic wastewater treatment system and the wastewater treatment method thereof in the prior art, the plasma and ultrasonic combined treatment method is adopted to improve the efficiency. However, the above techniques do not directly improve the efficiency of plasma technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plasma device of biomass carbon materials and a sewage-nitrogen fertilizer irrigation recycling method thereof.
The invention has the basic principle that the pulsed corona discharge plasma is cooperated with the biomass carbon material-based agricultural wastewater treatment method. The plasma generator generates high-energy electrons, positive and negative particles and excited particles through pulse corona discharge to obtain active free radicals with strong oxidizing property.
The biomass carbon material has two main functions:
1. the composite material has a higher specific surface area, can effectively adsorb organic pollutants in wastewater, and improves the degradation efficiency;
2. the effect of the super capacitor is provided in the process of pulse corona discharge, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the wastewater treatment effect is improved;
3. a large amount of biomass materials such as chaff and straws generated in the agricultural production process respectively have the problems of environmental pollution and cost by adopting direct incineration or harmless treatment such as methane and the like.
After entering the plasma generator, organic pollutants in the wastewater react with the active free radicals to convert carbon elements into harmless carbon dioxide molecules and convert nitrogen elements into nitrate nitrogen, so that the biodegradability of agricultural wastewater is realized, irrigation recycling is realized, the application of artificial nitrogen fertilizers is reduced, and the resource utilization of sewage is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a plasma device of biomass carbon material comprises a plasma generator, an air pump, a water storage tank and a data acquisition and control system, wherein agricultural wastewater enters the plasma generator from the water flow direction and then enters the water storage tank to finally become treated agricultural water for irrigation and reuse, air flow enters the plasma generator from the air pump from the air flow direction and then enters the water storage tank, and redundant air enters the air pump for recycling; the data acquisition and control system is connected with all links and has the functions of data acquisition, experimental parameter setting and switch control; wherein, the inside of the plasma generator is filled with biomass carbon materials.
A method for irrigating and recycling sewage and nitrogen fertilizer comprises the steps of filling biomass carbon materials in a plasma generator, injecting agricultural wastewater into the plasma generator, and carrying out pulse corona discharge under certain conditions to obtain treated agricultural water.
The method for determining the specific conditions comprises the steps of firstly measuring a small amount of biological oxygen demand of the agricultural wastewater, then treating the agricultural wastewater under different pulse corona discharge conditions, measuring the obtained biological oxygen demand of the treated agricultural water under different conditions, and determining the condition of the pulse corona discharge of the agricultural water meeting the irrigation recycling standard.
The conditions of the pulse corona discharge are that a direct current base voltage power supply is used as a pulse high voltage power supply, the range of current is 4-5A, the range of pulse voltage is 10-100kV, the range of pulse width is 50-300 nS, and the range of pulse repetition frequency is 50-220 Hz.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon material comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a carbon precursor, namely washing, drying and crushing the biomass material, and calcining under certain conditions to obtain the carbon precursor;
and 2, nitriding and activating the carbon precursor, namely soaking the carbon precursor obtained in the step 1 in nitrogen-containing water, adding an alkaline substance, uniformly mixing, drying, calcining and activating under certain conditions, soaking, washing, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain the nitriding and activating biomass carbon material.
The nitrogen-containing water in the step 2 can be filtered agricultural wastewater or agricultural water treated in the invention.
The calcining temperature in the step 1 is 300-.
The mass ratio of the carbon precursor, the alkaline substance and the nitrogen element in the nitrogen-containing water in the step 2 is 1.0: (1.0-3.0): (1.0-3.0).
The calcining activation temperature of the step 2 is 700-800 ℃, the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min, and the calcining activation time is 2-4 hours.
Methylene blue and the biochemical oxygen demand test of the agricultural wastewater prove that the method can effectively treat the organic pollutants, can effectively and efficiently treat the agricultural wastewater, and meets the requirement of irrigation recycling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the energy utilization efficiency is effectively improved, and the processing time is greatly reduced;
2. effectively utilizes byproduct biomass materials produced in agriculture;
3. the agricultural wastewater irrigation recycling is realized.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a plasma treatment process for agricultural water;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of treating methylene blue on the materials prepared in examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1, 2 and 3;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the materials prepared in examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 on treating agricultural wastewater;
FIG. 4 is a rice seed germination rate curve of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for treating agricultural wastewater by using plasma based on biomass carbon materials, which is described in detail by embodiments and in combination with the attached drawings.
Example 1
A plasma device of biomass carbon material comprises a plasma generator, an air pump, a water storage tank and a data acquisition and control system, wherein agricultural wastewater enters the plasma generator from the water flow direction and then enters the water storage tank to finally become treated agricultural water for irrigation and reuse, air flow enters the plasma generator from the air pump from the air flow direction and then enters the water storage tank, and redundant air enters the air pump for recycling; the data acquisition and control system is connected with all links and has the functions of data acquisition, experimental parameter setting and switch control; wherein, the inside of the plasma generator is filled with biomass carbon materials.
The biomass carbon material is a biomass carbon material with chaff as biomass, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a carbon precursor, namely washing the biomass material chaff with water to remove surface dust, drying the washed chaff at the temperature of 80 ℃, grinding the chaff and crushing the chaff, and calcining the chaff and the crushed chaff under the conditions that the reaction temperature is 300 ℃, the reaction time is 2 hours, and the heating rate is 3 ℃/min to obtain the carbon precursor;
step 2, nitriding and activating of a carbon precursor, namely soaking the carbon precursor obtained in the step 1 in agricultural wastewater, adding potassium hydroxide, mixing, stirring for 2 hours, drying at 80 ℃, then calcining and activating at the reaction temperature of 700 ℃, the reaction time of 2 hours and the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, soaking in dilute hydrochloric acid, washing with water, filtering, drying, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a nitriding and activating biomass carbon material, namely a husk carbon material-1; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon precursor to the potassium hydroxide to the nitrogen element in the agricultural wastewater is 1.0: 2.0: 2.0.
as shown in figure 1, the agricultural water treatment process by plasma comprises filling the obtained husk carbon material into an isoelectric generator, setting the base voltage at 90kV, the base voltage current at 4A, the pulse voltage at 110kV, the pulse width at 50-60uS, and the pulse repetition frequency at 220 Hz; then, controlling an air pump to inject air into the isoelectric generator through a data acquisition and control system, and injecting agricultural wastewater into the isoelectric generator to perform pulse corona discharge; and after the discharge is finished, the treated agricultural water is injected into the water storage tank, a water sample is collected by the data collection and control system for analysis, the redundant gas is sent back to the electronic electron generator through the gas pump for cyclic utilization, and the agricultural water after the treatment is confirmed to meet the irrigation requirement for irrigation recycling.
In order to prove the effectiveness of the invention in agricultural wastewater treatment, the treatment effect of the methylene blue solution is tested. The testing method comprises the steps of sampling a water sample at certain intervals, then calculating the concentration of the methylene blue solution by an ultraviolet spectrophotometry, wherein the testing result is shown in figure 1, and the concentration of the methylene blue solution can be reduced from an initial value of 100mg/L to 1mg/L only in 10 minutes; methylene blue was not detected after 20 minutes. Experiments prove that the method can effectively treat the organic pollutants.
In order to prove the treatment effect of the invention on the actual treatment of the agricultural wastewater, the agricultural wastewater is collected for biochemical oxygen demand test. The test result is shown in FIG. 2, the biochemical oxygen demand of the untreated agricultural wastewater is 18.6 mg/L; the biochemical oxygen demand of the agricultural water treated for 5 minutes by the method is 0.6mg/L, and the national comprehensive sewage discharge standard is met; the biochemical oxygen demand of the agricultural water treated by the method for 20 minutes is 0mg/L, which cannot be detected. Experiments prove that the method can effectively and efficiently treat the agricultural wastewater and meet the requirements of irrigation and recycling.
In order to prove the technical effect of the agricultural water obtained by treating the agricultural wastewater in the aspect of irrigation and reuse, the seed germination rate is tested. The test method is to perform germination experiments on the same batch of rice seeds for 14 days by respectively adopting agricultural wastewater, agricultural water and deionized water, and the test results are shown in table 1 and fig. 4.
The test result shows that: 1. the germination time of the agricultural wastewater is prolonged by 1 day relative to the deionized water, and the germination time of the agricultural water is advanced by 1 day relative to the deionized water; 2. the germination rate of the agricultural wastewater is obviously lower than that of deionized water, and the germination rate of the agricultural water is higher than that of the deionized water.
The experimental results prove that the direct irrigation of the untreated agricultural wastewater plays a negative role in seed germination; the treated agricultural water is used for irrigation, which can play a positive role in seed germination.
Time (sky) Agricultural wastewater Agricultural water Deionized water
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
6 0 5.4 0
7 0 23.8 3.7
8 1.2 50.1 11.7
9 5.5 76.4 25.9
10 13.1 80.6 56.4
11 22.1 84.1 63.4
12 35.2 85.6 68.3
13 40.1 86.4 71.5
14 43.1 86.8 73.1
TABLE 1 test table for germination rate of rice seeds
Example 2 is provided to demonstrate the effect of the treated agricultural water on the treatment effect of the biochar material in the method of the invention.
Example 2
A method for producing a biomass carbon material in which husk is biomass, the steps not specifically described being the same as those described in example 1, except that: the nitrogen-containing water in the step 2 is the treated agricultural water obtained in the example 1, and the obtained material is named as chaff carbon material-2.
In order to prove the effect of the chaff carbon material-2 on the treatment of methylene blue solution and agricultural wastewater, the same test as described above was carried out, and the test results are shown in fig. 1 and 2. Test results show that the effect of adopting the treated agricultural water as the nitrogen-containing water in the step 2 is better than that of directly adopting agricultural wastewater.
In order to prove that the biomass carbon material of the method has obvious influence on the treatment effect, a comparative example 1, a comparative example 2 and a comparative example 3 are provided, namely rice, straws and leaves are respectively adopted as biomass materials to realize the technical scheme of the invention.
Comparative example 1
A method for producing a biomass carbon material in which rice is used as biomass, the steps not specifically described being the same as those in example 1, except that: the biomass material in the step 1 is rice, and the obtained material is named as a rice carbon material.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of biomass carbon material with straw as biomass comprises the following steps which are the same as the preparation method described in the embodiment 1 and are not particularly described, except that: the biomass material in the step 1 is straw, and the obtained material is named as a straw carbon material.
Comparative example 3
A method for preparing a biomass carbon material with leaf as biomass comprises the following steps which are the same as the preparation method described in the embodiment 1 and are not particularly described, except that: the biomass material in the step 1 is leaves, and the obtained material is named as a leaf carbon material.
In order to prove the effect of the rice carbon material, straw carbon material and leaf carbon material on the treatment of methylene blue solution and agricultural wastewater, the same tests as described above were carried out, and the test results are shown in fig. 1 and 2. Test results show that although the effect of the rice carbon material is similar to that of the rice husk carbon material, the cost factor is considered, and the rice carbon material has no economic value; although the straw carbon material and the leaf carbon material can improve the treatment effect, the effect is greatly different from that of the husk carbon material, and the application requirement is not met.
The different influences of different biomass materials on the treatment effect can be attributed to the influence of the element content and the microstructure of different biomass materials on the prepared carbon material, so that the treatment effect is influenced.

Claims (7)

1. A plasma device of biomass carbon material is characterized in that: the agricultural water treatment device comprises a plasma generator, an air pump, a water storage tank and a data acquisition and control system, wherein the water flow direction enters the water storage tank after the agricultural wastewater enters the plasma generator, and finally becomes treated agricultural water for irrigation and recycling, the air flow direction enters the water storage tank after the air pump enters the plasma generator, and the redundant air enters the air pump for recycling; the data acquisition and control system is connected with all links and has the functions of data acquisition, experimental parameter setting and switch control; wherein, the inside of the plasma generator is filled with biomass carbon materials.
2. A sewage-nitrogen fertilizer irrigation recycling method is characterized in that: filling biomass carbon materials in the plasma generator, injecting the agricultural wastewater into the plasma generator, and performing pulse corona discharge under certain conditions to obtain the treated agricultural water.
3. The method for irrigating and recycling sewage-nitrogen fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the method for determining the specific conditions comprises the steps of firstly measuring a small amount of biological oxygen demand of the agricultural wastewater, then treating the agricultural wastewater under different pulse corona discharge conditions, measuring the obtained biological oxygen demand of the treated agricultural water under different conditions, and determining the condition of the pulse corona discharge of the agricultural water meeting the irrigation recycling standard.
4. The method for irrigating and recycling sewage-nitrogen fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: the conditions of the pulse corona discharge are that a direct current base voltage power supply is used as a pulse high voltage power supply, the range of current is 4-5A, the range of pulse voltage is 10-100kV, the range of pulse width is 50-300 nS, and the range of pulse repetition frequency is 50-220 Hz.
5. The method for irrigating and recycling sewage-nitrogen fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the method for preparing the biomass carbon material comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a carbon precursor, namely washing, drying and crushing the biomass material, and calcining under certain conditions to obtain the carbon precursor;
and 2, nitriding and activating the carbon precursor, namely soaking the carbon precursor obtained in the step 1 in nitrogen-containing water, adding an alkaline substance, uniformly mixing, drying, calcining and activating under certain conditions, soaking, washing, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain the nitriding and activating biomass carbon material.
6. The method for irrigating and recycling sewage-nitrogen fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: the nitrogen-containing water in the step 2 can be filtered agricultural wastewater or agricultural water treated in the invention.
7. The method for irrigating and recycling sewage-nitrogen fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: the calcining temperature in the step 1 is 300-; the mass ratio of the carbon precursor, the alkaline substance and the nitrogen element in the nitrogen-containing water in the step 2 is 1.0: (1.0-3.0): (1.0-3.0); the calcining activation temperature of the step 2 is 700-800 ℃, the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min, and the calcining activation time is 2-4 hours.
CN202011130636.XA 2020-10-21 2020-10-21 Plasma device of biomass carbon material and sewage-nitrogen fertilizer irrigation recycling method thereof Pending CN112279343A (en)

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US20140210344A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2014-07-31 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Water/wastewater recycle and reuse with plasma, activated carbon and energy system
CN104150711A (en) * 2014-08-05 2014-11-19 中山大学 Process for treating refractory organic wastewater with combination of low-temperature plasma and biochemical
CN107128918A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-09-05 桂林电子科技大学 A kind of preparation and its application of N doping porous active Carbon Materials
CN110060877A (en) * 2019-04-26 2019-07-26 北京化工大学 A kind of supercapacitor polyatom doped carbon/polyaniline composite material preparation method
CN111790399A (en) * 2020-08-10 2020-10-20 厦门大学 Catalyst for treating wastewater by cooperating with low-temperature plasma technology, preparation and application thereof, and method for treating phenol wastewater

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Title
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