Railway vehicle buffer for reducing longitudinal impact of train
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buffers, in particular to a railway vehicle buffer for reducing longitudinal impact of a train.
Background
Compared with a general truck, the express truck with the running speed of 160 km/h-200 km/h has the advantages that the train speed is obviously improved, higher requirements are put forward on the aspects of safety, stability and the like, and the buffer is used as an important part of a railway vehicle, plays a role in relieving the longitudinal impact of the train and absorbing the energy of the train, and has very important significance in reducing the longitudinal impact of the train, improving the running stability of the train and protecting the safety of transported goods.
The buffer of the railway vehicle on the market is various and can basically meet the use requirements of people, but certain defects still exist, and the specific problems are as follows.
(1) The existing train buffer with ideal performance is a liquid-gas buffer, and although the buffer has the best buffering and damping performance, the manufacturing cost of the buffer is high;
(2) when the existing railway vehicle buffer is used, the buffer is mostly a single pole for buffering and absorbing, and under the condition of small impact force, the buffer cannot play a role between every two carriages, so that the longitudinal buffering effect of the buffer is limited;
(3) the existing buffer for the railway vehicle wastes time and labor during installation and splicing, and the installation and debugging time of workers is longer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a railway vehicle buffer for reducing longitudinal impact of a train, which aims to solve the problems of high use cost, limited buffer performance and inconvenient installation and maintenance of the buffer in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a railway vehicle buffer for reducing longitudinal impact of a train comprises a first main buffer cylinder, a second main buffer cylinder, a buffer frame main body, a connecting frame and a nut, wherein the second main buffer cylinder is installed at one end of the first main buffer cylinder, the buffer frame main body is installed at one end, away from the first main buffer cylinder, of the second main buffer cylinder, elastic rubber is installed on two sides of the interior of the buffer frame main body, a first auxiliary buffer cylinder is installed on the outer wall of one side of the buffer frame main body, a second auxiliary buffer cylinder is installed at one end, away from the buffer frame main body, of the first auxiliary buffer cylinder, a limiting structure is arranged at one end, away from the first auxiliary buffer cylinder, of the second auxiliary buffer cylinder, the connecting plate is arranged on one side of the limiting structure, the connecting frame is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the connecting plate, anchor bolts are installed on two sides of the surface of the connecting frame, and the nut is, one side on second main cushion cylinder surface is fixed with fixed frame, and one side of fixed frame bottom is provided with first sliding tray to one side slidable mounting of first sliding tray inside has the sliding block, the bottom of sliding block and the one end fixed connection of first main cushion cylinder.
Preferably, a guide post is fixed on the inner wall of one side of the first main buffer cylinder, one end of the guide post extends into the second main buffer cylinder, a sliding plate is slidably mounted on one side of the inner part of the second main buffer cylinder, and one end of the sliding plate is fixedly connected with one end of the guide post.
Preferably, both sides of the surface of the first main cushion cylinder are fixed with fixing frames, and one side of the bottom of the fixing frames is provided with a first sliding groove.
Preferably, a guide rod is fixed on the inner wall of one side of the second main buffer cylinder, one end of the guide rod extends into the first main buffer cylinder, a buffer spring is wound on one side of the surface of the guide rod, and one end of the buffer spring is in contact with the outer wall of the sliding plate.
Preferably, one side of the top of the second main buffer cylinder is provided with a limiting groove, and one side of the bottom of the second main buffer cylinder is provided with a second sliding groove.
Preferably, limit structure's inside has set gradually spacing frame, stand, spacing spring, sloping block, gyro wheel and gag lever post, be fixed with spacing frame on the outer wall of one side of the vice dashpot of second, and one side of spacing frame bottom is fixed with the stand.
Preferably, both sides on the stand surface all twine there is spacing spring, and the sloping block is installed to one side on spacing spring top, the one end of sloping block and the inner wall sliding connection of spacing frame.
Preferably, a roller is installed on one side of the surface of the inclined block, a limiting rod is fixed to one end of the roller, and one end of the limiting rod extends to the outside of the limiting frame and is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the connecting plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the railway vehicle buffer for reducing the longitudinal impact of the train not only enhances the convenience of the buffer in installation and maintenance and improves the buffering performance of the buffer, but also realizes the function of reducing the longitudinal impact of the train by multiple stages of the buffer and reduces the use cost of the buffer;
(1) the connecting frame at one end of the buffer is connected to one end of the carriage through the connecting frame and the nuts, the four groups of anchor bolts are taken out and are driven into the connecting frame and the carriage, then the nuts are screwed into the thread surfaces of the anchor bolts, the buffer is installed on the outer wall of the carriage, and the positioning pins of the carriage can penetrate through the top end of the connecting frame and descend, so that the installation work of the buffer is completed, and the convenience of the buffer in installation and maintenance is improved;
(2) through the arrangement of the connecting plate and the limiting rod, when small impact moves from right to left, the part of impact drives the connecting frame and the connecting plate to move towards the left, because the second auxiliary buffer cylinder is in mutual contact with the inclined blocks through the limiting rod and the idler wheels, the limiting rod pushes the two groups of inclined blocks to slide on the surface of the upright column, the inclined blocks extrude the limiting spring, the limiting spring is in a compression state, and the longitudinal impact with small force can be converted into the up-down movement of the inclined blocks, so that a better buffer effect can be realized on each carriage, and the buffer performance of the buffer is improved;
(3) through being provided with guide post and sliding plate, when great vertical impact produced, the vice cushion cylinder of second and the less shrink of first vice cushion cylinder, first main cushion cylinder and the shrink of second main cushion cylinder, elastic rubber plays the effect of supplementary buffering, use the motion of first main cushion cylinder and second main cushion cylinder as the example, the inside guide post of first main cushion cylinder will drive the sliding plate and slide on the surface of guide bar, buffer spring plays the shock attenuation this moment, the effect of energy-absorbing, until buffer spring shrink to the limit state, the inside at buffering frame main part of second main cushion cylinder will slide this moment, until the small amplitude shrink of elastic rubber, thereby realize the multistage function that reduces the vertical impact of train of buffer, compare the liquid air buffer in the past, this kind of buffer use cost is low, easily lay.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the limiting structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 3 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the connecting frame of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a first main cushion cylinder; 2. a second main cushion cylinder; 3. a buffer frame main body; 4. an elastic rubber; 5. a first secondary cushion cylinder; 6. a second pair of cushion cylinders; 7. a limiting structure; 701. a limiting frame; 702. a column; 703. a limiting spring; 704. a sloping block; 705. a roller; 706. a limiting rod; 8. a connecting frame; 9. a connecting plate; 10. a nut; 11. an anchor bolt; 12. a guide post; 13. a guide bar; 14. a sliding plate; 15. a buffer spring; 16. a limiting groove; 17. a fixing frame; 18. a first sliding groove; 19. a slider; 20. a second sliding groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, an embodiment of the present invention is shown: a railway vehicle buffer for reducing longitudinal impact of a train comprises a first main buffer cylinder 1, a second main buffer cylinder 2, a buffer frame main body 3, a connecting frame 8 and nuts 10, wherein the second main buffer cylinder 2 is installed at one end of the first main buffer cylinder 1, the buffer frame main body 3 is installed at one end, away from the first main buffer cylinder 1, of the second main buffer cylinder 2, elastic rubber 4 is installed on two sides of the interior of the buffer frame main body 3, a first auxiliary buffer cylinder 5 is installed on the outer wall of one side of the buffer frame main body 3, a second auxiliary buffer cylinder 6 is installed at one end, away from the buffer frame main body 3, of the first auxiliary buffer cylinder 5, and a limiting structure 7 is arranged at one end, away from the first auxiliary buffer cylinder 5, of the second auxiliary buffer cylinder 6;
a limiting frame 701, an upright column 702, a limiting spring 703, an inclined block 704, a roller 705 and a limiting rod 706 are sequentially arranged in the limiting structure 7, the limiting frame 701 is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the second auxiliary buffer cylinder 6, the upright column 702 is fixed on one side of the bottom of the limiting frame 701, the limiting spring 703 is wound on two sides of the surface of the upright column 702, the inclined block 704 is installed on one side of the top end of the limiting spring 703, and one end of the inclined block 704 is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the limiting frame 701;
a roller 705 is arranged on one side of the surface of the inclined block 704, a limiting rod 706 is fixed at one end of the roller 705, and one end of the limiting rod 706 extends to the outside of the limiting frame 701 and is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the connecting plate 9;
when small impact moves from right to left, the part of the impact drives the connecting frame 8 and the connecting plate 9 to move to the left, because the second auxiliary buffer cylinder 6 is contacted with the inclined blocks 704 through the limiting rod 706 and the roller 705, the limiting rod 706 pushes the two groups of the inclined blocks 704 to slide on the surface of the upright column 702, the inclined blocks 704 extrude the limiting spring 703, the limiting spring 703 is in a compression state, and the longitudinal impact with small force can be converted into the up-and-down movement of the inclined blocks 704, so that each carriage can be well buffered, and the buffering performance of the buffer is improved;
a connecting plate 9 is arranged on one side of the limiting structure 7, a connecting frame 8 is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the connecting plate 9, anchor bolts 11 are arranged on two sides of the surface of the connecting frame 8, nuts 10 are arranged at threads on one side of the surface of the anchor bolts 11, a fixing frame 17 is fixed on one side of the surface of the second main buffer cylinder 2, a first sliding groove 18 is arranged on one side of the bottom of the fixing frame 17, a sliding block 19 is slidably arranged on one side inside the first sliding groove 18, and the bottom end of the sliding block 19 is fixedly connected with one end of the first main buffer cylinder 1;
connecting the connecting frame 8 at one end of the buffer to one end of the carriage, taking out four groups of anchor bolts 11, driving the anchor bolts into the connecting frame 8 and the carriage, screwing nuts 10 into the thread surfaces of the anchor bolts 11, mounting the buffer on the outer wall of the carriage, and penetrating positioning pins of the carriage downwards from the top end of the connecting frame 8 so as to finish the mounting work of the buffer;
a guide post 12 is fixed on the inner wall of one side of the first main buffer cylinder 1, one end of the guide post 12 extends into the second main buffer cylinder 2, a sliding plate 14 is slidably mounted on one side of the inside of the second main buffer cylinder 2, one end of the sliding plate 14 is fixedly connected with one end of the guide post 12, fixed frames 17 are fixed on two sides of the surface of the first main buffer cylinder 1, and a first sliding groove 18 is arranged on one side of the bottom of each fixed frame 17;
a guide rod 13 is fixed on the inner wall of one side of the second main buffer cylinder 2, one end of the guide rod 13 extends into the first main buffer cylinder 1, a buffer spring 15 is wound on one side of the surface of the guide rod 13, one end of the buffer spring 15 is in contact with the outer wall of the sliding plate 14, a limiting groove 16 is arranged on one side of the top of the second main buffer cylinder 2, and a second sliding groove 20 is arranged on one side of the bottom of the second main buffer cylinder 2;
when great longitudinal impact is generated, the second auxiliary buffer cylinder 6 and the first auxiliary buffer cylinder 5 contract less, the first main buffer cylinder 1 and the second main buffer cylinder 2 contract, the elastic rubber 4 plays a role in auxiliary buffering, taking the movement of the first main buffer cylinder 1 and the second main buffer cylinder 2 as an example, the guide post 12 in the first main buffer cylinder 1 drives the sliding plate 14 to slide on the surface of the guide rod 13, the buffer spring 15 plays a role in shock absorption and energy absorption at the moment until the buffer spring 15 contracts to a limit state, the second main buffer cylinder 2 slides in the buffer frame main body 3 at the moment until the elastic rubber 4 contracts in a small amplitude, and therefore the function of reducing the longitudinal impact of the train in a multistage mode of the buffer is achieved.
The working principle is as follows: when in use, the connecting frame 8 at one end of the buffer is connected to one end of a carriage, four groups of anchor bolts 11 are taken out and are driven into the connecting frame 8 and the carriage, then nuts 10 are screwed into the thread surfaces of the anchor bolts 11, the buffer is installed on the outer wall of the carriage, positioning pins of the carriage can penetrate through the top end of the connecting frame 8, so that the installation work of the buffer is completed, the convenience of the buffer in installation and maintenance is enhanced, when small impact moves from right to left, the part of impact drives the connecting frame 8 and the connecting plate 9 to move towards left, as the second auxiliary buffer cylinder 6 is in contact with the inclined blocks 704 through the limiting rod 706 and the roller 705, the limiting rod 706 pushes the two groups of inclined blocks 704 to slide on the surface of the upright column 702, the inclined blocks 704 extrude the limiting spring 703, so that the limiting spring 703 is in a compression state, and the longitudinal impact with small force can be converted into the up-down movement of the inclined blocks 704, therefore, each carriage is well buffered, the buffering performance of the buffer is improved, when large longitudinal impact is generated, the second auxiliary buffer cylinder 6 and the first auxiliary buffer cylinder 5 are contracted slightly, the first main buffer cylinder 1 and the second main buffer cylinder 2 are contracted, the elastic rubber 4 plays a role in auxiliary buffering, taking the motion of the first main buffer cylinder 1 and the second main buffer cylinder 2 as an example, the guide post 12 in the first main buffer cylinder 1 drives the sliding plate 14 to slide on the surface of the guide rod 13, the buffer spring 15 plays a role in shock absorption and energy absorption until the buffer spring 15 is contracted to the limit state, at the moment, the second main buffer cylinder 2 slides in the buffer frame main body 3 until the elastic rubber 4 is contracted in a small amplitude, so that the function of reducing the longitudinal impact of the buffer in multiple stages is realized, compared with the traditional liquid-gas buffer, the buffer has low use cost, easy to lay.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.