CN112277529B - 用于轮毂总成的密封装置 - Google Patents

用于轮毂总成的密封装置 Download PDF

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CN112277529B
CN112277529B CN202010708491.0A CN202010708491A CN112277529B CN 112277529 B CN112277529 B CN 112277529B CN 202010708491 A CN202010708491 A CN 202010708491A CN 112277529 B CN112277529 B CN 112277529B
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sealing device
cylindrical wall
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CN112277529A (zh
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吉奥尔吉奥·弥赛亚
安东尼亚·纳斯塔西
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/723—Shaft end sealing means, e.g. cup-shaped caps or covers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0073—Hubs characterised by sealing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/001—Hubs with roller-bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/586—Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/768—Sealings of ball or roller bearings between relatively stationary parts, i.e. static seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7886—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted outside the gap between the inner and outer races, e.g. sealing rings mounted to an end face or outer surface of a race
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
    • F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
    • F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
    • F16C19/186—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/50—Positive connections
    • F16C2226/70—Positive connections with complementary interlocking parts
    • F16C2226/74—Positive connections with complementary interlocking parts with snap-fit, e.g. by clips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

用于轮毂总成(2)的密封装置(1)，所述轮毂总成设置有滚动轴承(3)，所述密封装置设置有防护罩(6)，所述防护罩安装在轴承(3)的外圈(4)上，并且具有环状的筒形壁(61)。所述筒形壁(61)具有内侧面(62)，安装在外圈(4)的装配环(41)的外侧面(42)上。所述密封装置还设置有固定在防护罩上的密封材料(90)。环形的卡扣部(7)位于筒形壁(61)的径向内侧，并且在径向上从所述内侧面(62)延伸特定的径向厚度(S1)，以便卡扣配合在形成于装配环(41)外侧面(42)上的环形槽(46)中；并且，所述密封材料(90)在防护罩被安装到外圈上以前位于卡扣部(7)的后方，其整体径向尺寸小于卡扣部(7)的径向厚度(S1)。

Description

用于轮毂总成的密封装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于轮毂总成(/轮毂组件)(wheel hub assembly)的密封装置。
本发明尤其(但不排他)适用于配备有滚动轴承的用于车辆非驱动轮的轮毂总成领域。在此类应用中，轴承的内圈装配在轮轴上，因而传递旋转运动，而轴承的外圈装配在固定的轮毂上，例如，车辆悬架的轮毂上。以下描述通过实施例述及这种具体的应用，但不因此丧失任何一般性。
背景技术
由于此中讨论的应用涉及非驱动轮(即那些没有车轮沿轴线穿越轴承的车轮)，故相应的密封装置具有杯状的轴对称形状，以便它们封盖轴承的外圈。由于，如前所述，轴承的外圈是固定的，故所述密封装置形成静态密封，保护轴承不受任何环境污染物(水、泥、碎屑等)的侵入。
在最一般的形态下，所述密封装置包含近乎杯状的金属防护罩，通过干涉配合装配在滚动轴承外圈的一个装配环上。所述防护罩尤其包含圆筒形壁(以下简称“筒形壁”)和正向环形壁(图1中轴线A对应的视角方向为所述“正向”，以下同)：所述圆筒形壁的径向内表面通过所述的干涉配合(interference fitting)与轴承外圈的装配环的径向外表面相结合，所述正向环形壁的轴向内表面被设置为抵靠装配环的(轴向)外侧环形表面。为保持金属防护罩就位并同时改善其静态密封能力之目的，所述密封装置进一步包含设置在金属防护罩轴向内表面上的密封材料或化合物，在防护罩被压力装配在装配环上以后，所述密封材料或化合物在轴向上被夹压在防护罩与装配环之间。
上述类型的已知密封装置的构造使得金属防护罩的安装非常简单，因为密封材料或化合物仅在装配实际完成时才与装配环接触；然而，人们发现，防护罩的筒形壁与外圈的装配环之间的直接接触会导致装配环径向外表面的快速腐蚀，从而造成金属防护罩密封能力的丧失。为克服该这一点，在一些用于密封装置的已知方案中，防护罩的筒形壁被覆以橡胶状材料。然而，这种设计不仅让金属防护罩装配到轴承上的操作更加复杂，因为在装配过程中须避免橡胶状材料的撕裂脱落，而且还导致金属防护罩在安装完成以后筒形壁形成明显可见的锥度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种没有上述缺点的车辆轮毂总成的密封装置。
根据本发明，一种用于车辆轮毂总成的密封装置被予以描述，所述轮毂总成配备有滚动轴承，所述密封装置具有随附的独立技术方案中所述的特征。
密封装置部件的优化不仅赋予完全消除筒形壁锥度的优势——这对旨在形成的静态密封完全具有好处——而且使金属防护罩在被安装到轴承上的过程中不必采取过多的防护措施。
本发明进一步优选的和/或尤其具有优势的实施方式将根据随附的从属技术方案中所述的特征加以描述。
附图说明
现在参照附图描述本发明，这些附图展示本发明具体实施方式的非限制性示例，其中：
图1为根据本发明的用于轮毂总成的密封装置的优选实施方式的截面示意图，为清楚显示本发明之内容，部分图示被予以隐去；以及
图2为图1中用于轮毂总成的密封装置的细节放大图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，数字1表示整个用于轮毂总成2的密封装置。
轮毂总成2设置有滚动轴承3。所述滚动轴承3包括与轴承3自身的旋转轴线A同轴的外圈4、与外圈4同轴的内圈5、以及介于内、外两个轴承圈4和5之间以允许内圈5相对于外圈4转动的多个滚动元件(/滚动体)6。在此处描述的总成(/组件)(assembly)2中，内圈5是可转动的，用于支撑车轮(未显示)，而外圈4是静止的，安装于车辆(未显示)的立柱的圆筒形座(未显示)。在所述安装完成以后，轴承3的外圈4是法兰圈(/带凸缘的圈)(flangedring)，包括横向于轴线A的法兰49，并且具有自法兰(/凸缘)49沿轴向延伸的装配环(collar)41。所述装配环41由径向外表面42、正向环形表面(/前向环形表面)(frontalannular surface)43(图1中轴线A对应的视角方向为所述的“正向”，以下同)和内侧面(向内的侧表面)44所限定。
装配环41是密封装置1在外圈4上的装配实际发生的所在部分，也是外圈4插入前述立柱的部分，因此允许在密封装置1存在的情况下实施所述的插入。径向外表面42包括靠近法兰49的安装部42a和在轴向上延伸超出安装部42a之外的适配部(/配合部)(fittingsection)42b。适配部42b具有直径B，尺寸小于安装部42a的直径A。安装部42a和适配部分42b这两部分彼此通过环形槽(circular groove)46分开，所述环形槽46具有尺寸小于直径B的槽底直径(/底部直径)(bottom diameter)C。
根据本发明，并额外参照图2，密封装置1包括安装在轴承3的外圈4上的大致呈杯状的防护罩(/遮蔽件/防护件)(shield)6。防护罩6设置有筒形壁(/圆筒形壁)61和与环状筒形壁61成一体的环形壁63。所述筒形壁61呈轴向走势(development)，并且设置有内侧面(向内的侧表面)62；所述环形壁63大致呈径向走势，形成防护罩6的底部，并且设置有轴向内表面64。密封装置1还包括环形的卡扣部(snap catch)7。所述卡扣部7位于圆柱壁61的自由端8的径向内侧，并且在径向上从内侧面62向轴线A延伸径向厚度S1。所述径向厚度S1在优选情况下(但非必须)大于等于筒形壁61的径向厚度S2的1/3。径向厚度S2的尺寸小于安装部42a的直径A与适配部42b的直径B两者之差。
筒形壁61的轴向跨度(axial development)使得环形卡扣部7距离轴向内表面64的轴向距离与环形槽(circular groove)46距离正向环形表面43的轴向距离相等。因此，当轴向内表面64的位置抵靠正向环形表面43时，卡扣部7刚好容纳在环形槽46内，结果使防护罩6以一种难以被去除的方式——至少在不经意的情况下如此——被固定在装配环41上。
为改善密封装置1的密封并稳定防护罩6在装配环41上的装配(/安装)，密封装置1最后还包括密封材料或化合物(compound)90，所述密封材料或化合物90被设置为在卡扣部7后面与筒形壁61的内侧面62接触，并且在径向上被夹压(/压缩)(compressed)在筒形壁61的内侧面62与径向外表面42的适配部42b之间。根据本发明，密封材料或化合物90在密封装置1被安装到装配环41上之前，以环形凸条(annular bead)的形式接触内侧面62。所述环形凸条的厚度显著(substantially)小于厚度S1，并且位置紧接在卡扣部7后面。这种设置可以获得两点优势：首先，它允许金属防护罩6在沿适配部42b装配到装配环41的过程中不接触或耗损(dispersion)密封材料或化合物90，直到卡扣部7卡扣配合在环形槽46中；因此，密封材料或化合物90完全密封内侧面62与适配部42b之间起始于卡扣部7的交界面，从而避免装配环41的径向外表面42被腐蚀，以及由此导致的金属防护罩6的任何密封能力的丧失。
卡扣部7的厚度S1和密封材料或化合物90的环形凸条的厚度被设置为使得：在密封件1的装配过程中，当卡扣部7接合径向外表面42的适配部42b并被迫(/被使得)滑动接触适配部42b时，筒形壁61在其弹性范围内发生变形，在径向上向外扩张，亦即在密封材料或化合物90的环形凸条所在位置处沿径向被抬升，从而使密封材料或化合物90的环形凸条被保持远离——抑或至少不接触——适配部42b，直至卡扣部7进入环形槽46的内部为止。当卡扣部7嵌入(/接合在)环形槽46中时，筒形壁61的弹性回复会引发密封材料或化合物90的环形凸条在径向上被夹压在筒形壁61与装配环41之间，结果造成密封材料或化合物90刚好分布在内侧面62与适配部42b之间的交界面(interface)起始于卡扣部7的入口处。
为便于筒形壁61发生弹性变形，并进一步降低密封材料或化合物90接触适配部42b的任何可能性，装配环41沿适配部42b在适配部42b与正向环形表面43之间形成有倒角45。所述倒角45可以具有起始于正向环形表面43的轴向纵深(/轴向深度)(axial depth)，该轴向纵深可取决于筒形壁61的构成材料和/或厚度S2，并且在任何情况下都与筒形壁61的变形能力和/或卡扣部7的厚度S1匹配适应(commensurate with)。
卡扣部7通过卡扣配合接合在环形槽46内，并与密封材料或化合物90一起(/相结合)，将防护罩6紧固在装配环41上；与此同时，还与密封材料或化合物90一起为密封装置1提供防护外部污染物的防泄漏密封。
为进一步改善密封装置1对外部污染物的防泄漏密封，环形卡扣部7和环形槽46各自具有的适配面(/接合面)(engagement surfaces)7a和46a在优选情况下(但非必须)为锥形。其中，适配面7a朝向正向环形表面43，而适配面46a朝向正向环形表面43的在轴向上的相反方向。两个适配面(/接合面)7a和46a的彼此接合能使防护罩6以机械方式保持在装配环41上，并且两个适配面7a和46a的锥度倾斜越接近于直角，密封装置1的这种机械保持和防泄漏密封就越好。
在以上描述中，防护罩6是由金属材料制成的防护罩，但上述创新方案也适用于防护罩6采用不同材料的情形，换言之采用塑料和/或类似材料的情形。与以上描述类似，如果防护罩6的材料不同或者由塑料和/或类似材料制成，那么附在(/放在)(deposited on)防护罩6上的密封材料或化合物90可以由本身共成型(/共模制)(co-moulded)在防护罩6上的热塑性弹性体替代。
应当理解，在以上描述的本发明具体实施方式以外还存在许多不同的变化实施方式。还应当理解，所述实施方式仅通过示例的方式予以提供，并不限制本发明的目的、应用或者可能的结构。相反，尽管以上描述使本领域的技术人员能够根据本发明结构的至少一个示例来实施本发明，但应当理解，以上描述的部件的无数变体都是可以想象得到的，因而不会由此偏离随附权利要求书所定义的本发明的目的，无论是按照字面解释，还是按照法律规定的等同特征进行解释，抑或同时按照上述两种方式进行解释。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于轮毂总成(2)的密封装置(1)，所述轮毂总成(2)设置有滚动轴承(3)，所述密封装置(1)包括：
-防护罩(6)，所述防护罩(6)安装在轴承(3)的外圈(4)上，并且设置有环状的筒形壁(61)，所述筒形壁(61)具有内侧面(62)，安装在所述外圈(4)的装配环(41)的外侧面(42)上；以及
-密封材料(90)，所述密封材料(90)与所述防护罩(6)集成为一体；
其特征在于，
所述密封装置(1)包括环形的卡扣部(7)，所述卡扣部(7)位于所述筒形壁(61)在径向上的内侧，并且在径向上从所述内侧面(62)延伸特定的径向厚度(S1)；
所述卡扣部(7)卡扣配合在形成于所述装配环(41)的外侧面(42)上的环形槽(46)中，并且，所述密封材料(90)在所述防护罩(6)安装在所述外圈(4)上之前位于所述卡扣部(7)的后方，其总体径向尺寸小于所述卡扣部(7)的径向厚度(S1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的密封装置(1)，其特征在于，所述环形的卡扣部(7)位于所述筒形壁(61)的自由端(8)的径向内侧。
3.根据权利要求2所述的密封装置(1)，其特征在于，所述密封材料(90)在径向上被夹压在所述筒形壁(61)与所述装配环(41)之间，分布在所述筒形壁(61)的内侧面(62)与所述装配环(41)的外侧面(42)之间的交界面起始于环形的卡扣部(7)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的密封装置(1)，其特征在于，所述密封材料(90)在所述密封装置(1)被安装到所述装配环(41)之前，以环形凸条的形式接触所述内侧面(62)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的密封装置(1)，其特征在于，所述环形凸条的径向厚度远小于所述卡扣部(7)的径向厚度(S1)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的密封装置(1)，其特征在于，所述密封材料(90)是热塑性弹性体。
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