CN112276867B

CN112276867B - Sleeper nail puller

Info

Publication number: CN112276867B
Application number: CN202011196239.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张洪丽; 姜武杰
Original assignee: Shandong Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Shandong Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2020-10-30
Filing date: 2020-10-30
Publication date: 2022-05-24
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-30
Also published as: CN112276867A

Abstract

The utility model provides a sleeper nail puller, includes the stay tube, installs the cylinder assembly on the stay tube, the cylinder assembly includes cylinder lower cover, first cylinder liner and cylinder upper cover, and wherein cylinder lower cover fixed mounting is on the stay tube, and first cylinder liner is located between cylinder lower cover and the cylinder upper cover, first piston is installed to first cylinder liner fit in, and the piston rod is installed to the bottom of first piston, and in the piston rod wore out and stretched into the stay tube via the cylinder lower cover, installed first spring between first piston and the cylinder upper cover, first spring had the trend that promotes first piston and move down all the time. The gas that provides through the external world promotes the piston and removes, and then drives the scissors arm on the piston rod and opens and shuts and vertical removal, accomplishes the nail pulling operation, reduces operating personnel intensity of labour, improves nail pulling operating efficiency.

Description

Sleeper nail puller

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of nail pulling equipment, in particular to a sleeper nail puller.

Background

Since the invention of railway, the sleeper is still widely used, because it is rich in elasticity, it can ease the dynamic impact action of train, easy to manufacture, convenient to transport, lay, maintain and repair, and has better insulation performance, the fastener and sleeper are simply connected, and the sleeper and broken stone ballast have a larger friction coefficient, and can ensure the stability of track. In order to reduce the corrosion degree of the rail, nails serving as negative poles are usually nailed on the sleeper, wherein the nails serving as wearing parts need to be replaced regularly, the existing nail pulling operation is usually performed manually by means of a crowbar or other lever torque tools, the nail pulling operation is usually laborious and inefficient.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a sleeper nail puller, wherein a piston is pushed to move by an externally provided gas, and a shear arm on the piston rod is driven to open, close and vertically move, so as to complete nail pulling operation, reduce labor intensity of an operator, and improve nail pulling operation efficiency.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a sleeper nail puller, which comprises a supporting pipe, wherein a cylinder assembly is arranged on the supporting pipe, the cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder lower cover, a first cylinder sleeve and a cylinder upper cover, the cylinder lower cover is fixedly arranged on the supporting pipe, the first cylinder sleeve is positioned between the cylinder lower cover and the cylinder upper cover, a first piston is arranged in the first cylinder sleeve in a matching way, a piston rod is arranged at the bottom end of the first piston, the piston rod penetrates out of the cylinder lower cover and extends into the supporting pipe, a first spring is arranged between the first piston and the cylinder upper cover, the first spring always has the tendency of pushing the first piston to move downwards, a pull rod connecting arm is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the piston rod, pull rods are hinged to two sides of the pull rod connecting arm, the bottom of the pull rod at one side is hinged to an inner shear arm, the bottom of the pull rod at the other side is hinged to an outer shear arm, the inner shear arm and the outer shear arm are hinged through a first rotating shaft, the clamp splice arch is installed to the bottom of interior scissor arm, the bottom of outer scissor arm install with the protruding matched with clamp splice recess of clamp splice, corresponding to the position of first pivot, still install the second pivot in the bottom of pull rod linking arm, all install first bearing at the both ends of first pivot, the second bearing is all installed at the both ends of second pivot, set up on the stay tube with first bearing and second bearing matched with guide way, corresponding to both sides pull rod, interior scissor arm and outer scissor arm, still seted up on the stay tube and avoided the groove, cover under the cylinder and seted up the gas pocket with the inside looks UNICOM of first cylinder liner, the handle is all installed to the both sides of cylinder upper cover. Still install the second cylinder jacket between cylinder lower cover and the stay tube, the piston rod is worn out and is stretched into in the stay tube via the second cylinder jacket, installs the second piston at the second cylinder jacket fit in, and the second piston suit is in the piston rod periphery, the second piston is with inside atmospheric pressure chamber and the spring compression chamber of being divided into of second cylinder jacket, installs the boss on the piston rod of atmospheric pressure intracavity, is equipped with the second spring of suit in the spring compression chamber in the piston rod periphery, and the second spring has the trend that promotes the second piston and the boss contacts all the time, still sets up the inlet port and the exhaust hole with atmospheric pressure chamber UNICOM on second cylinder jacket one end, installs first control valve on the exhaust hole, sets up the air vent with spring compression chamber UNICOM on the other end of second cylinder jacket. The scissors arm is articulated to have the couple on the outer scissors arm, installs on the interior scissors arm with couple matched with fixture block, and the articulated position department of couple still installs the limiting plate on outer scissors arm, and the rotation of limiting plate ability restriction couple. The bottom of stay tube is equipped with the flat board, and T type groove has all been seted up to dull and stereotyped both sides, and T type inslot all installs positioner, positioner includes the folded plate, and the one end of folded plate is equipped with the T type slider with T type groove matched with, has seted up the locating hole on the T type slider, installs on the flat board with locating hole matched with positioning bolt, and fastening bolt is installed to the other end of folded plate, rotates the fastening bolt of both sides and can fix a position the stay tube on the sleeper. The bottom of stay tube is equipped with the flat board, installs pneumatic clamping jaw on the flat board, and the pipeline that admits air of pneumatic clamping jaw passes through three-way valve looks UNICOM with the pipeline that admits air of inlet port, install the second control valve with first control valve looks coordinated control on the pipeline that admits air of inlet port, when first control valve was closed, the second control valve was opened, and when first control valve was opened, the second control valve was closed. The outer shear arm is provided with a limiting groove, the inner shear arm penetrates out of the outer shear arm through the limiting groove, and the first rotating shaft is located in the limiting groove.

The invention has the positive effects that: according to the sleeper nail puller, the piston is pushed to move by gas provided by the outside, the elasticity of the first spring is overcome to drive the piston rod to move upwards, the shear arm at the bottom of the piston rod is further driven to extend into the lower part of the nail cap and close, the nail is vertically lifted to drive the nail to be separated from a sleeper, nail pulling operation is completed, traditional manual prying is replaced, the labor intensity of operators is effectively reduced, and the nail pulling operation efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the bottom structure of the piston rod;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the nail nipping state during use of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the second cylinder liner being installed;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the scissor arm with the hook mounted thereon;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the positioning device mounted on the support tube;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an outer scissor arm with a limiting groove;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of mounting a pneumatic clamping jaw on a supporting tube.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to a nail puller, which comprises a supporting pipe 1 as shown in figures 1 and 2, wherein an air cylinder assembly is arranged on the supporting pipe 1, the air cylinder assembly comprises an air cylinder lower cover 2, a first air cylinder sleeve 3 and an air cylinder upper cover 4, the air cylinder lower cover 2 is fixedly arranged on the supporting pipe 1, and the first air cylinder sleeve 3 is positioned between the air cylinder lower cover 2 and the air cylinder upper cover 4. First piston 5 is installed to the fit in first cylinder liner 3, and piston rod 6 is installed to the bottom of first piston 5, and piston rod 6 wears out and stretches into in the stay tube 1 via cylinder lower cover 2, installs first spring 7 between first piston 5 and the cylinder upper cover 4, and first spring 7 has the trend that promotes first piston 5 and moves down all the time.

As shown in fig. 3, a pull rod connecting arm 8 is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the piston rod 6, pull rods 9 are hinged to both sides of the pull rod connecting arm 8, an inner scissor arm 10 is hinged to the bottom of the pull rod 9 on one side, an outer scissor arm 11 is hinged to the bottom of the pull rod 9 on the other side, the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 are hinged to each other through a first rotating shaft 12, a clamping block protrusion 13 is mounted at the bottom of the inner scissor arm 10, a clamping block groove 14 matched with the clamping block protrusion 13 is mounted at the bottom of the outer scissor arm 11, when the piston rod 6 moves upwards, the pull rod connecting arm 8 can drive the pull rods 9 on both sides to move upwards together, and the clamping block protrusion 13, at the bottom, of the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 can rotate to extend into the clamping block groove 14 in the process of moving upwards.

Corresponding to the position of the first rotating shaft 12, a second rotating shaft 15 is further installed at the bottom of the pull rod connecting arm 8, first bearings 16 are installed at two ends of the first rotating shaft 12, second bearings 17 are installed at two ends of the second rotating shaft 15, guide grooves 18 matched with the first bearings 16 and the second bearings 17 are formed in the supporting tube 1, the arrangement of the guide grooves 18 ensures that the piston rod 6 moves upwards, the pull rod connecting arm 8, the inner scissors arm 10 and the outer scissors arm 11 cannot deflect and twist, the stability of nail pulling is ensured, sliding friction is converted into rolling friction in the upward moving process by the bearing installed in the rotating shaft, the friction between the bearing and the supporting tube 1 is greatly reduced while the guiding effect is achieved, and the service lives of the rotating shaft and the bearing are prolonged to a certain extent. Corresponding to the pull rod 9, the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 on the two sides, an avoiding groove 19 is also formed in the support pipe 1, and the avoiding groove 19 provides sufficient space for the rotation opening and closing of the pull rod 9, the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11. Offer on the cylinder lower cover 2 with the inside air pocket 20 of UNICOM of 3 inside looks of first cylinder liner, install sealing connection spare on the air pocket 20 to be connected with external air supply line, all install handle 21 in the both sides of cylinder upper cover 4, operating personnel hold handle 21 alright with shift to the operating position who waits to pull out the nail with whole equipment.

When the nail puller is used, an operator holds the handle 21 to transfer the whole device to a working position of nails to be pulled, so that the nails to be pulled are positioned in the support pipe 1, the position between the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 is kept, at the moment, no gas is filled in the first cylinder sleeve 3, as shown in fig. 2, under the action of the elastic force of the first spring 7, the first piston 5 is positioned at the bottom position of the first cylinder sleeve 3, the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 are positioned at the bottom of the support pipe 1 and are in an open state, then gas is filled in the gas hole 20, the first piston 5 is gradually pushed under the action of the gas pressure to overcome the elastic force of the first spring 7 to move upwards, the piston rod 6 and the pull rod connecting arm 8 at the bottom of the piston rod 6 move upwards, the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 are driven to mutually close and rotate through the pull rod 9 until the clamping block bulge 13 extends into the clamping block groove 14, and at the moment, the clamping block bulge 13 and the clamping block groove 14 are both positioned at the lower part of the top cap to be pulled, after the clamp block protrusion 13 is matched with the clamp block groove 14, the inner shear arm 10 and the outer shear arm 11 do not rotate relatively any more, and then move upwards together with the pull rod connecting arm 8, as shown in fig. 4, nails are pulled out of sleepers by the inner shear arm 10 and the outer shear arm 11 which move upwards, then the equipment is transferred to other positions by holding the handle 21 by hand, gas in the first cylinder sleeve 3 is gradually exhausted, the first piston 5 moves downwards to reset under the action of the elastic force of the first spring 7, the inner shear arm 10 and the outer shear arm 11 are also gradually opened, the disassembled nails can be taken out, and the whole equipment is restored to the initial state as shown in fig. 2, so that the next nail disassembling operation is facilitated.

Since the nails to be pulled out are usually rusted more seriously, in order to effectively loosen the nails before pulling out, as shown in fig. 5, a second cylinder sleeve 22 is further installed between the cylinder lower cover 2 and the support pipe 1, and the piston rod 6 penetrates out of the second cylinder sleeve 22 and extends into the support pipe 1. Install second piston 23 at second cylinder jacket 22 fit in, second piston 23 suit is in piston rod 6 periphery, second piston 23 is with inside atmospheric pressure chamber 24 and the spring compression chamber 25 of being divided into of second cylinder jacket 22, install boss 26 on the piston rod 6 in the atmospheric pressure chamber 24, be equipped with the second spring 27 of suit in piston rod 6 periphery in the spring compression chamber 25, second spring 27 has the trend that promotes second piston 23 and boss 26 and contact all the time, still set up the inlet port 28 and the exhaust hole 29 with atmospheric pressure chamber 24 UNICOM on second cylinder jacket 22 one end, install first control valve 30 on the exhaust hole 29, set up the air vent 31 with spring compression chamber 25 UNICOM on the other end of second cylinder jacket 22. Wherein the air inlet hole 28 is provided with a sealing connection piece for connecting with an external air supply pipeline, and the vent hole 31 is arranged for allowing the air in the spring compression chamber 25 to freely enter and exit when the second piston 23 moves vertically.

When the clamping block protrusions 13 and the clamping block grooves 14 are located at the lower portion of the top cap to be disassembled, the piston rod 6 moves upwards to drive the nail to be pulled out, air is introduced into the air pressure cavity 24, the second piston 23 is gradually pushed under the action of air pressure to overcome the elastic force of the second spring 27 to move downwards, the second spring 27 stores elastic potential energy, then the first control valve 30 opens the exhaust hole 29, the pressure in the air pressure cavity 24 is instantly reduced, the second piston 23 is pushed by the second spring 27 to move upwards and collide with the boss 26, the piston rod 6 and the inner shear arm 10 and the outer shear arm 11 at the bottom of the piston rod are vibrated together in the collision process, the nail is loosened in advance, and after the nail is loosened to the extent that the nail can be pulled out, the air continues to be filled into the first cylinder sleeve 3, and the piston rod 6 is driven to move upwards to completely pull out the nail.

Further, in order to ensure that the clamping block protrusion 13 and the clamping block groove 14 located at the bottom of the nail cap cannot be separated when the second piston 23 impacts the boss 26, as shown in fig. 6, a hook 32 is hinged to the outer scissor arm 11, a clamping block 33 matched with the hook 32 is installed on the inner scissor arm 10, and the hook 32 can be rotatably overlapped on the clamping block 33 to connect the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 into a whole, so that mutual separation during impact trembling is avoided, and the stability of nail pulling is further ensured. In order to avoid the influence of the large-amplitude rotation of the hook 32 on the normal operation of nail pulling, a limiting plate 34 is further installed at the hinged position of the hook 32 on the outer scissor arm 11, and the limiting plate 34 can limit the counterclockwise rotation of the hook 32 in the direction shown in fig. 6, so as to avoid the contact between the hook 32 and a sleeper or a rail.

In order to further reduce the labor intensity of the operator, when impact tremor is performed, the operator does not need to hold the handle 21 by hand to press the equipment on the sleeper, as shown in fig. 7, the bottom of the support tube 1 is provided with a flat plate 35, two sides of the flat plate 35 are both provided with T-shaped grooves 36, positioning devices are all installed in the T-shaped grooves 36, the positioning devices can fixedly install the support tube 1 and the whole equipment on the sleeper, each positioning device comprises a folded plate 37, the folded plate 37 is matched with the corners of the sleeper, one end of the folded plate 37 is provided with a T-shaped sliding block 38 matched with the T-shaped groove 36, a positioning hole 39 is formed in the T-shaped sliding block 38, the flat plate 35 is provided with a positioning bolt 40 matched with the positioning hole 39, the other end of the folded plate 37 is provided with a fastening bolt 41, and the fastening bolts 41 on two sides are rotated to position the support tube 1 on the sleeper. The structure is firm in positioning and convenient to disassemble and assemble, when the structure is not needed to be used, the T-shaped sliding block 38 can be disassembled from one end in the T-shaped groove 36, and the subsequent nail pulling operation can not be influenced.

In order to fix the support tube 1 and the whole equipment on a sleeper conveniently during impact trembling, as shown in fig. 9, a flat plate 35 is arranged at the bottom of the support tube 1, a pneumatic clamping jaw 43 is installed on the flat plate 35, the pneumatic clamping jaw 43 can be clamped on the sleeper, the pneumatic clamping jaw 43 can be a chinese granted patent, and the patent number is the pneumatic clamping jaw described in CN201821639007.8, wherein in order to match with inflation and deflation in the pneumatic cavity 24, an air inlet pipeline of the pneumatic clamping jaw 43 is communicated with an air inlet pipeline of the air inlet hole 28 through a three-way valve 44, a second control valve 45 which is in linkage control with the first control valve 30 is installed on the air inlet pipeline of the air inlet hole 28, when the first control valve 30 is closed, the second control valve 45 is opened, and when the first control valve 30 is opened, the second control valve 45 is closed. When impact tremor needs to be carried out, the air inlet pipeline is filled with air, one part of the air inlet pipeline enters the pneumatic clamping jaw 43 to enable the pneumatic clamping jaw to clamp a sleeper, the other part of the air inlet pipeline enters the air pressure cavity 24 to compress the second spring 27, the second control valve 45 is opened at the moment, the first control valve 30 is closed, after the air pressure reaches a certain degree, the first control valve 30 is opened, the second control valve 45 is closed at the moment, the second spring 27 pushes the second piston 23 to impact the boss 26, air can be supplied to the pneumatic clamping jaw 43 all the time in the process, and the integral equipment can be fixed and clamped on the sleeper and cannot be separated in the process of impact tremor.

Further, in order to limit the maximum opening and closing angle of the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 when the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 are located at the bottom of the support pipe 1, and avoid the situation that the clamping block protrusion 13 and the clamping block groove 14 fall to two sides of a sleeper due to the excessively large opening and closing angle and affect subsequent nail pulling operation, as shown in fig. 8, the outer scissor arm 11 is provided with a limit groove 42, the inner scissor arm 10 penetrates out of the outer scissor arm 11 through the limit groove 42, the first rotating shaft 12 is located in the limit groove 42, the maximum opening and closing angle between the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 is as shown in fig. 8, and due to the arrangement of the limit groove 42, the angle cannot be continuously enlarged, so that the structure ensures that the clamping block protrusion 13 and the clamping block groove 14 at the bottom of the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 can be always located in the support pipe 1, and the piston rod 6 can drive the inner scissor arm 10 and the outer scissor arm 11 to close and pull out nails when moving upwards.

The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments of the present invention. The technical contents not described in detail in the invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A sleeper nail puller which is characterized in that: comprises a supporting pipe (1), wherein an air cylinder assembly is arranged on the supporting pipe (1), the air cylinder assembly comprises an air cylinder lower cover (2), a first air cylinder sleeve (3) and an air cylinder upper cover (4), the air cylinder lower cover (2) is fixedly arranged on the supporting pipe (1), the first air cylinder sleeve (3) is positioned between the air cylinder lower cover (2) and the air cylinder upper cover (4), a first piston (5) is arranged in the first air cylinder sleeve (3) in a matching way, a piston rod (6) is arranged at the bottom end of the first piston (5), the piston rod (6) penetrates out of the supporting pipe (1) through the air cylinder lower cover (2) and extends into the supporting pipe (1), a first spring (7) is arranged between the first piston (5) and the air cylinder upper cover (4), the first spring (7) always has the tendency of pushing the first piston (5) to move downwards, a pull rod (8) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the piston rod (6), and pull rods (9) are hinged to two sides of the connecting arm (8), wherein the bottom of one side pull rod (9) is articulated with an inner shear arm (10), the bottom of the other side pull rod (9) is articulated with an outer shear arm (11), the inner shear arm (10) and the outer shear arm (11) are articulated with each other through a first rotating shaft (12), a clamping block bulge (13) is installed at the bottom of the inner shear arm (10), a clamping block groove (14) matched with the clamping block bulge (13) is installed at the bottom of the outer shear arm (11), the position corresponding to the first rotating shaft (12) is provided, a second rotating shaft (15) is further installed at the bottom of the pull rod connecting arm (8), first bearings (16) are installed at the two ends of the first rotating shaft (12), second bearings (17) are installed at the two ends of the second rotating shaft (15), guide grooves (18) matched with the first bearings (16) and the second bearings (17) are formed in the supporting pipe (1), and the position corresponding to the two side pull rods (9), The scissors arm comprises an inner scissors arm (10) and an outer scissors arm (11), wherein an avoiding groove (19) is further formed in a supporting pipe (1), an air hole (20) communicated with the inside of a first air cylinder sleeve (3) is formed in a lower air cylinder cover (2), handles (21) are mounted on two sides of an upper air cylinder cover (4), a second air cylinder sleeve (22) is further mounted between the lower air cylinder cover (2) and the supporting pipe (1), a piston rod (6) penetrates out of the second air cylinder sleeve (22) and extends into the supporting pipe (1), a second piston (23) is mounted in the second air cylinder sleeve (22) in a matched mode, the second piston (23) is sleeved on the periphery of the piston rod (6), the second piston (23) divides the inside of the second air cylinder sleeve (22) into an air pressure cavity (24) and a spring compression cavity (25), a boss (26) is mounted on the piston rod (6) in the air pressure cavity (24), and a second spring (27) sleeved on the periphery of the piston rod (6) is arranged in the spring compression cavity (25), second spring (27) have the trend that promotes second piston (23) and boss (26) and contact all the time, still offer on second cylinder jacket (22) one end with inlet port (28) and exhaust hole (29) of atmospheric pressure chamber (24) looks UNICOM, install first control valve (30) on exhaust hole (29), offer on the other end of second cylinder jacket (22) air vent (31) with spring compression chamber (25) looks UNICOM, spacing groove (42) have been seted up on outer scissor arm (11), outer scissor arm (11) are worn out via spacing groove (42) to interior scissor arm (10), and first pivot (12) are located spacing groove (42).

2. A sleeper puller according to claim 1, wherein: outer scissors arm (11) go up to articulate there are couple (32), install on interior scissors arm (10) with couple (32) matched with fixture block (33), still install limiting plate (34) in the articulated position department of couple (32) on outer scissors arm (11), limiting plate (34) can restrict the rotation of couple (32).

3. A sleeper puller according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of stay tube (1) is equipped with dull and stereotyped (35), and T type groove (36) have all been seted up to the both sides of dull and stereotyped (35), all install positioner in T type groove (36), positioner includes folded plate (37), and the one end of folded plate (37) is equipped with T type slider (38) with T type groove (36) matched with, has seted up locating hole (39) on T type slider (38), installs on dull and stereotyped (35) with locating hole (39) matched with positioning bolt (40), and fastening bolt (41) are installed to the other end of folded plate (37), and fastening bolt (41) of rotating both sides can be fixed a position stay tube (1) on the sleeper.

4. A tie nailer as in claim 1 wherein: the bottom of stay tube (1) is equipped with flat board (35), installs pneumatic clamping jaw (43) on flat board (35), and the air inlet pipeline of pneumatic clamping jaw (43) passes through three-way valve (44) looks UNICOM with the air inlet pipeline of inlet port (28), install second control valve (45) with first control valve (30) looks coordinated control on the air inlet pipeline of inlet port (28), when first control valve (30) are closed, second control valve (45) are opened, and when first control valve (30) were opened, second control valve (45) were closed.