CN112276363A - Laser repairing method for leakage defect of aluminum alloy casting - Google Patents
Laser repairing method for leakage defect of aluminum alloy casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN112276363A CN112276363A CN202011114563.5A CN202011114563A CN112276363A CN 112276363 A CN112276363 A CN 112276363A CN 202011114563 A CN202011114563 A CN 202011114563A CN 112276363 A CN112276363 A CN 112276363A
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- aluminum alloy
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser repairing method for leakage defects of aluminum alloy castings, and belongs to the technical field of casting repairing. The method adopts the high-power laser to repair the leakage defect of the aluminum alloy casting by adopting the melting and filling of the aluminum alloy welding wire under the argon protection atmosphere. Due to the capillary action and the micro-area melting, the micro-pore welding repair can be realized, the thermal deformation is reduced, and the defects of air holes, slag inclusion and the like can be effectively prevented. The method for finely repairing the defects of the aluminum alloy casting is provided, the qualification rate of the aluminum alloy casting is improved, and the production cost of the aluminum alloy casting is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a laser repairing method for leakage defects of aluminum alloy castings, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation.
Background
With the rapid development of industries such as aviation, aerospace, weaponry and the like, the structures of various aluminum alloy parts are more and more complex, and the manufacturing process generally comprises the steps of casting a blank, detecting no leakage through multiple rough machining, fine machining procedures and the like and multiple pressing tests, and finally forming the parts for assembly. The wall thickness of some parts of the casting blank is gradually processed from dozens of millimeters to 3-5 millimeters, the processing working hour is greatly consumed, and when the pressing verification is finally carried out, once leakage defects occur, the casting cannot be repaired, the production cost loss is large, so that a precise repairing method which can be used for reducing the loss is urgently needed to be developed.
The cast aluminum alloy is used as a light and high-strength structural material and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace and the like. Generally, the repair of aluminum alloy castings is generally carried out by argon arc welding, but a welding pool and a heat affected zone achieved by argon arc welding are large, the defects of blank pieces can be generally repaired by the method, but for parts which are thin in wall thickness and high in dimensional accuracy after finish machining, the parts cannot be welded on the thin wall thickness by adopting argon arc welding, and even if the parts are welded by a reluctant mode, the thermal deformation caused by the parts can cause the size of the parts to be out of tolerance and the parts are directly scrapped. Meanwhile, the argon arc welding has a large welding pool, and is very easy to generate bubble and slag inclusion defects, thereby bringing hidden danger to the base body of the part and easily generating leakage defects. For this reason, laser repair methods have been developed to solve the above problems.
The diameter of a molten pool can be reduced through melting by a laser method, a smaller heat affected zone is obtained, on one hand, welding defects are avoided, on the other hand, the size stability of parts is also ensured, and by combining optical amplification processing and screen display operation, the damage of strong light to people is avoided while the operation precision is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the laser repairing method for the leakage defect of the aluminum alloy casting can repair the leakage defect of the part at the position with the thinner wall thickness after processing, meanwhile, a molten pool and a heat affected zone during repairing are extremely small, deformation after repairing is extremely small, cost loss and time loss caused by scrapping of the part due to the leakage defect are avoided, and the laser repairing method can be popularized and applied to repairing of other products.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a laser repairing method for aluminum alloy casting leakage defects comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the surface before repairing, and performing laser cleaning on the leakage defect micropores needing repairing;
(2) adopting an aluminum alloy welding wire, and repairing fine holes at a leakage position by laser in an inert gas protection atmosphere;
(3) and (4) polishing, polishing the welding spot smoothly after welding, and visually checking that the repair welding position is flush with the surrounding matrix.
(4) And performing a compression test on the repaired casting, and if the casting is not leaked, repairing the casting to be qualified under the specified time and pressure.
The power of laser repair is 750-1500W, and the diameter of a laser molten pool is 0.4-2 mm.
The inert gas is high-purity argon, and the flow rate of the argon is 5L/min-10L/min.
The aluminum alloy welding wire is made of the same material as the aluminum alloy casting.
The aluminum alloy welding wire adopts ZL114A, ZL101A, ZL105A or ZL 205A.
The diameter of the welding wire is 0.8-2.0 mm.
And (3) cleaning micropores on the surface before repairing, wherein the average power used for laser cleaning is 500-750W.
And carrying out laser cleaning and repairing by using a laser repairing machine, wherein the laser repairing machine comprises a laser head, a coaxial camera, an argon nozzle and an aluminum alloy welding wire.
The invention has the advantages that: the laser repairing method for the leakage defect of the aluminum alloy casting can repair the scrapped parts caused by exposure of the leakage defect after finish machining, the diameter of a hot melting pool is small under the laser effect in the repairing process, the size change of the repaired parts is prevented, the repairing effect can be verified by pressing the leakage inspection after repairing, the product scrapping is avoided, and the production period and the cost are saved.
Detailed Description
A laser repairing method for aluminum alloy casting leakage defects comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the surface before repairing, and performing laser cleaning on the leakage defect micropores needing repairing;
(2) adopting an aluminum alloy welding wire, and repairing fine holes at a leakage position by laser in an inert gas protection atmosphere;
(3) and (4) polishing, polishing the welding spot smoothly after welding, and visually checking that the repair welding position is flush with the surrounding matrix.
(4) And performing a compression test on the repaired casting, and if the casting is not leaked, repairing the casting to be qualified under the specified time and pressure.
The power of laser repair is 750-1500W, and the diameter of a laser molten pool is 0.4-2 mm.
The inert gas is high-purity argon, and the flow rate of the argon is 5L/min-10L/min.
The aluminum alloy welding wire is made of the same material as the aluminum alloy casting.
The aluminum alloy welding wire adopts ZL114A, ZL101A, ZL105A or ZL 205A.
The diameter of the welding wire is 0.8-2.0 mm.
And (3) cleaning micropores on the surface before repairing, wherein the average power used for laser cleaning is 500-750W.
And carrying out laser cleaning and repairing by using a laser repairing machine, wherein the laser repairing machine comprises a laser head, a coaxial camera, an argon nozzle and an aluminum alloy welding wire.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a laser repairing method for leakage defects of aluminum alloy castings. The aluminum alloy welding repair has large input energy, large heat affected zone after welding, obvious structural deformation and prominent reduction of mechanical property, and if the aluminum alloy parts are subjected to rough machining or finish machining, the structural deformation and the reduction of mechanical property generated by conventional welding repair lead to part scrapping, thereby causing serious loss of manufacturing period and cost. Aiming at the structural deformation and the reduction of mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy weld repair, the aluminum alloy part is repaired by utilizing laser with more concentrated energy, surface oil stains and thicker oxidation films on the surface of the aluminum alloy part to be repaired, which are caused by machining and other processes, are cleaned before the weld repair, impurities such as the oil stains and the like are prevented from corroding a matrix and oxidizing impurities from entering the matrix to cause defects, the heat influence on the matrix of the aluminum alloy part is reduced by adopting short-time micro-area high power during welding, the heat input on the matrix of the aluminum alloy part is small, and the structural deformation in the welding process is effectively prevented; meanwhile, the matrix rapidly chills the micro-area melting, so that fine and compact crystal grains in the welding micro-area are brought, and the mechanical property is higher; moreover, inert gas protection is adopted, so that the defects of oxidation and inclusion caused by high temperature, repair of oxidation and inclusion caused by molten pool oxidation and the like are avoided. In addition, the aluminum alloy welding wire is close to the base material of the part, so that the aluminum alloy welding wire has good wettability, and under the influence of melting capillary action of the micro-area, small holes and defects are infiltrated and repaired, and effective filling and repairing of leakage defects are realized. Finally, test verification is carried out through a pressing test, and the repairing effect is ensured.
Example 1
1. Repairing leakage defects of ZL114A aluminum alloy castings
Firstly, carrying out laser cleaning on a leakage defect micropore to be repaired, observing a defect part by amplifying the laser power by 15 times through a (2) coaxial camera, setting the laser power to be 500W, cleaning the surface of a hole at the defect part, and removing impurities such as oil stains;
secondly, adopting a special ZL114A aluminum alloy welding wire with the diameter of 1.0mm, controlling the argon flow to be 7L/min, the average laser power to be 750W and the diameter of a molten pool to be 0.4mm under the protection atmosphere of high-purity argon gas, and repairing fine holes at a leakage position;
thirdly, manually polishing and smoothing the bulge of the welding spot after repairing, and visually checking that the repair welding position is flush with the surrounding matrix;
and finally, performing a pressing test on the repaired ZL114A aluminum alloy casting, selecting the pressing pressure of 0.12MPa according to the requirements of a drawing, maintaining the pressure for 5min without leakage, and performing laser repair to be qualified so as to meet the use requirements.
Example 2
1. Repairing leakage defect of ZL101A aluminum alloy casting
Firstly, carrying out laser cleaning on a leakage defect micropore to be repaired, observing a defect part by amplifying the laser power by 20 times through a (2) coaxial camera, setting the laser power to be 600W, cleaning the surface of a hole at the defect part, and removing impurities such as oil stains;
secondly, adopting a special ZL101A aluminum alloy welding wire with the diameter of 1.0mm, controlling the argon flow to be 8L/min and the laser average power to be 1000W and controlling the diameter of a molten pool to be less than 1.5mm under the protection atmosphere of high-purity argon gas, and repairing fine holes at a leakage position;
thirdly, manually polishing and smoothing the bulge of the welding spot after repairing, and visually checking that the repair welding position is flush with the surrounding matrix;
and finally, performing a pressing test on the repaired ZL101A aluminum alloy casting, selecting the pressing pressure of 0.10MPa according to the requirements of a drawing, maintaining the pressure for 5min without leakage, and performing laser repair to be qualified so as to meet the use requirements.
Example 3
1. Repairing leakage defects of ZL105A aluminum alloy castings
Firstly, carrying out laser cleaning on a leakage defect micropore to be repaired, observing a defect part by amplifying the laser power by 50 times through a (2) coaxial camera, setting the laser power to be 550W, cleaning the surface of a hole at the defect part, and removing impurities such as oil stains;
secondly, adopting a special ZL105A aluminum alloy welding wire with the diameter of 2.0mm, controlling the argon flow to be 8L/min, the average laser power to be 1200W and the diameter of a molten pool to be 2.0mm under the protection atmosphere of high-purity argon gas, and repairing fine holes at a leakage position;
thirdly, manually polishing and smoothing the bulge of the welding spot after repairing, and visually checking that the repair welding position is flush with the surrounding matrix;
and finally, performing a pressing test on the repaired ZL105A aluminum alloy casting, selecting the pressing pressure of 0.15MPa according to the requirements of a drawing, maintaining the pressure for 5min without leakage, and performing laser repair to be qualified so as to meet the use requirements.
Example 4
1. Repairing leakage defects of ZL205A aluminum alloy castings
Firstly, carrying out laser cleaning on a leakage defect micropore to be repaired, observing a defect part by amplifying 50 times through a (2) coaxial camera, setting the laser power to be 750W, cleaning the surface of a hole at the defect part, and removing impurities such as oil stains;
secondly, adopting a special ZL205A aluminum alloy welding wire with the diameter of 1.0mm, controlling the argon flow to be 10L/min and the average laser power to be 1500W under the protection atmosphere of high-purity argon gas, controlling the diameter of a molten pool to be less than 1.5mm, and repairing fine holes at a leakage position;
thirdly, manually polishing and smoothing the bulge of the welding spot after repairing, and visually checking that the repair welding position is flush with the surrounding matrix;
and finally, performing a pressing test on the repaired ZL205A aluminum alloy casting, selecting the pressing pressure of 0.15MPa according to the requirements of a drawing, maintaining the pressure for 5min without leakage, and performing laser repair to be qualified so as to meet the use requirements.
Claims (8)
1. The laser repairing method for the leakage defect of the aluminum alloy casting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) cleaning the surface before repairing, and performing laser cleaning on the leakage defect micropores needing repairing;
(2) adopting an aluminum alloy welding wire, and repairing fine holes at a leakage position by laser in an inert gas protection atmosphere;
(3) polishing, polishing and smoothing the welding spot after welding, and visually checking that the repair welding position is flush with the surrounding matrix;
(4) and performing a compression test on the repaired casting, and if the casting is not leaked, repairing the casting to be qualified under the specified time and pressure.
2. The laser repairing method for the aluminum alloy casting leakage defect according to claim 1, characterized in that the power of the laser repairing is selected to be 750W-1500W, and the diameter of the laser melting pool is selected to be 0.4 mm-2 mm.
3. The laser repairing method for the leakage defect of the aluminum alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas is high-purity argon, and the flow rate of the argon is 5L/min-10L/min.
4. The laser repairing method for the leakage defect of the aluminum alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy welding wire is made of an aluminum alloy welding wire which is consistent with the aluminum alloy casting material.
5. The laser repairing method for the leakage defect of the aluminum alloy casting as claimed in claim 4, wherein the aluminum alloy welding wire adopts ZL114A, ZL101A, ZL105A or ZL 205A.
6. The laser repairing method for the leakage defect of the aluminum alloy casting according to the claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the diameter of the welding wire is 0.8-2.0 mm.
7. The laser repairing method for the aluminum alloy casting leakage defect according to claim 1, characterized in that the micro-holes are cleaned on the surface before repairing, and the average power used for laser cleaning is 500W-750W.
8. The laser repairing method of the aluminum alloy casting leakage defect according to the claim 1, characterized in that a laser repairing machine is used for laser cleaning and repairing, and the laser repairing machine comprises a laser head (1), a coaxial camera (2), an argon nozzle (3) and an aluminum alloy welding wire (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011114563.5A CN112276363A (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Laser repairing method for leakage defect of aluminum alloy casting |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011114563.5A CN112276363A (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Laser repairing method for leakage defect of aluminum alloy casting |
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| CN112276363A true CN112276363A (en) | 2021-01-29 |
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| CN202011114563.5A Pending CN112276363A (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Laser repairing method for leakage defect of aluminum alloy casting |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114273774A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-04-05 | 云南昆船机械制造有限公司 | Aluminum alloy casting defect laser welding repair method |
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| CN110052710A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-26 | 江苏集萃先进金属材料研究所有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy laser welding method |
| US20190275611A1 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-12 | General Electric Company | Laser welding of component |
| CN110977169A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-10 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Laser repairing method for aluminum alloy airplane skin pitting damage |
-
2020
- 2020-10-16 CN CN202011114563.5A patent/CN112276363A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102424971A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-04-25 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Rapid laser repair method and device for defect of aluminum alloy guide blade |
| CN104404506A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-11 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | TiAl casting foundry defect laser repair welding method |
| US20190275611A1 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-12 | General Electric Company | Laser welding of component |
| CN109877458A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-06-14 | 沈阳工业大学 | Cast aluminium radiator laser welding fries hole laser gain material repairing alloy powder and repairing method |
| CN110052710A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-26 | 江苏集萃先进金属材料研究所有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy laser welding method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114273774A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-04-05 | 云南昆船机械制造有限公司 | Aluminum alloy casting defect laser welding repair method |
| CN114273774B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-30 | 云南昆船机械制造有限公司 | Laser welding repair method for defects of aluminum alloy castings |
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Application publication date: 20210129 |