CN112275987B - Die and die forging method for forming three-way part through multidirectional die forging - Google Patents
Die and die forging method for forming three-way part through multidirectional die forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN112275987B CN112275987B CN202011085105.3A CN202011085105A CN112275987B CN 112275987 B CN112275987 B CN 112275987B CN 202011085105 A CN202011085105 A CN 202011085105A CN 112275987 B CN112275987 B CN 112275987B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
- B21K1/24—Making machine elements valve parts valve bodies; valve seats
Abstract
The invention discloses a die and a die forging method for forming a three-way part by multi-directional die forging, wherein the die comprises a die body, a left horizontal punch, a right horizontal punch and a vertical punch, the die body is a die with front and back detachable dies, a blank is horizontally and centrally placed in the die body, the end part of the left horizontal punch driven by a hydraulic cylinder extends into a left opening of the die body and is used for applying force to the left side of the blank, and the end part of the right horizontal punch driven by the hydraulic cylinder extends into a right opening of the die body and is used for applying force to the right side of the blank; the end of the hydraulic cylinder driven vertical punch extends into the top opening of the die body and is used to apply a force to the top of the billet. The novel forming process of the three-way valve body is provided by controlling the sequence and stroke of the actions of the upper and lower vertical punches and the horizontal punch and forging the three-way valve body at one time, and the forming process has high automation degree and good quality of formed forgings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multidirectional die forging, in particular to a die and a die forging method for forming a three-way part by utilizing the multidirectional die forging.
Background
The three-way part is widely applied to the important basic industrial fields of national safety and national civilization, such as supercritical active power generation equipment, nuclear power units, ocean equipment, weaponry and the like. The parts are in service under extreme conditions of high pressure, high temperature, high humidity, strong corrosion and the like for a long time, are subjected to the coupling action of temperature, pressure and impact alternating load, and not only are extremely high strength and good high temperature resistance required, but also the parts are required to have strong impact resistance, fatigue resistance, stress corrosion resistance and other capabilities.
The structure of the formed part body requires that a welding line cannot appear, so that the in-service detection cost is reduced; the formed part requires compact and uniform tissue and continuous metal flow line parallel to the tangential direction of the outer surface so as to ensure good mechanical property. At present, in order to ensure the requirement of the labor-operating performance of the macro-micro parts, the parts mostly adopt a multidirectional die forging forming process, namely, the forming of the appearance and the inner cavity of the parts is completed in one deformation process, the formed forged parts have compact and uniform tissues and complete streamline, the good service performance of the parts is ensured, and the machining amount of the parts is reduced.
The multidirectional die forging technology is an important way for manufacturing hollow special-shaped parts at present. However, in the multi-directional load forming of multi-cavity parts, the load path has a large impact on material flow, cavity filling and the creation of fold defects. The process trial and error method and the exhaustion method which are widely used in the forging field not only have low efficiency and difficult guarantee of forming quality, but also have poor economical efficiency and cause waste of resources and productivity. The reasonable matching of the loading path is a key link for restricting the realizability of the forming process and the improvement of the forming quality. Therefore, in recent years, scholars at home and abroad or industrial engineering technicians are dedicated to developing a multidirectional die forging process method with stronger universality and better forming quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a die and a die forging method for forming a three-way part by multi-directional die forging, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and provide a novel three-way part forming process, and the forming process has high automation degree and good quality of formed forgings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a die for forming a three-way part by multi-directional die forging, which comprises a die body, a left horizontal punch, a right horizontal punch and a vertical punch, wherein the die body is a die with front and back detachable dies, a blank is horizontally and centrally placed in the die body, the end part of the left horizontal punch driven by a hydraulic cylinder extends into a left opening of the die body and is used for applying force to the left side of the blank, and the end part of the right horizontal punch driven by the hydraulic cylinder extends into a right opening of the die body and is used for applying force to the right side of the blank; the end of the vertical punch driven by a hydraulic cylinder extends into the top opening of the die body and is used to apply a force to the top of the billet.
Preferably, the left horizontal punch comprises a left horizontal outer punch and a left horizontal inner punch, and the left horizontal inner punch is coaxially sleeved on the inner side of the left horizontal outer punch; the hydraulic cylinder adopts a two-stage hydraulic cylinder which is used for driving the left horizontal outer punch and the left horizontal inner punch to respectively act.
Preferably, the right horizontal punch comprises a right horizontal outer punch and a right horizontal inner punch, and the right horizontal inner punch is coaxially sleeved on the inner side of the right horizontal outer punch; the hydraulic cylinder adopts a two-stage hydraulic cylinder which is used for driving the right horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal inner punch to respectively act.
The invention also provides a die forging method for forming the three-way part by multi-directional die forging, which is applied to the die for forming the three-way part by multi-directional die forging and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: horizontally centering the blank in the die body;
step two: determining the first action strokes of the two inner punches according to the sizes of end fillets of the left horizontal inner punch and the right horizontal inner punch so as to ensure that a cavity cannot be formed between the two inner punches and the matched outer punch in the subsequent forming process;
step three: adding the left horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal outer punch, and determining the strokes of the two horizontal outer punches according to the actual external dimension of the blank so as to finish upsetting the blank;
step four: the left horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal outer punch stop moving, the left horizontal inner punch and the right horizontal inner punch continue moving, and the left horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal inner punch stop moving until the end fillets of the inner punches on the two sides completely pass through the outer diameter of the vertical cavity of the die body;
step five: the vertical punch starts to act, and the stroke of the first action of the vertical punch is determined according to the residual stroke of the horizontal punch and the factors of balanced stress of the three punches during final forming;
step six: and adding the left horizontal inner punch and the right horizontal inner punch, and completing the forming of the valve body together with the vertical punch at a constant speed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the two-stage hydraulic cylinder is applied to multidirectional forming of the three-way valve body, a new punch action sequence and stroke combination are introduced, and a new loading path design idea is provided for forming various similar parts with different sizes.
2. The adopted novel three-way valve body multidirectional forging forming process has the advantages that during final forming, the three punches are constant in speed and balanced in stress, the flowing speed of metal in all directions is controllable, the valve body is filled fully in all directions, and the formed valve body is better in quality.
3. The new multidirectional forging forming process of the three-way valve body fully considers the possibility that the blank metal flows to the horizontal cavity rapidly, fundamentally prevents the defects of folding, cavities and the like possibly caused by the backflow of the blank metal, and has higher forming quality.
4. The novel multi-directional forging forming process of the three-way valve body is combined with the appearance and the inner hole size of the preformed forging piece to provide a universal loading path design method, and the application range is wider.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a finally formed three-way forging;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the die and blank installation prior to forging;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the combined action of a vertical punch and a horizontal punch in forging to form a blank;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of velocity vectors at various stages of blank formation during forging;
FIG. 5 is a comparative graph of the load as the vertical punch and the inner punch together complete the final form;
wherein, 1 is a mould body; 2, two-stage hydraulic cylinders; 3, vertical punching head; 4 horizontal outer punches; 5 horizontal inner punches; 6, blanking.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a die and a die forging method for forming a three-way part by multi-directional die forging, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and provide a novel three-way part forming process, and the forming process has high automation degree and good quality of formed forgings.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment provides a die and a die forging method for forming a three-way component by multi-directional die forging, wherein a three-way valve body is formed by one-step forging by controlling the sequence and the stroke combination of the actions of an upper vertical punch, a lower vertical punch and a horizontal punch.
The die for forming the three-way part by multi-way die forging comprises a die body 1 matched with the front and the back, and a left horizontal outer punch, a left horizontal inner punch, a right horizontal outer punch, a right horizontal inner punch and a vertical punch matched with the die body 1;
the die forging method for forming the three-way part by multi-directional die forging comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the blank 6 is horizontally and centrally placed in the die body 1;
step two: determining the first action strokes of the two horizontal inner punches 5 according to the sizes of end fillets of the left horizontal inner punch and the right horizontal inner punch so as to ensure that a cavity cannot be formed between the two horizontal inner punches and the matched horizontal outer punch 4 in the subsequent forming process;
step three: adding the left horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal outer punch, and determining the strokes of the two horizontal outer punches 4 according to the actual external dimension of the blank 6 so as to complete the upsetting of the blank 6;
step four: the left horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal outer punch stop moving, the left horizontal inner punch and the right horizontal inner punch continue moving until the end fillet of the horizontal inner punch 5 completely passes through the outer diameter of the vertical cavity of the die body 1, and at the moment, the blank 6 has the tendency of flowing to the vertical cavity rapidly due to no resistance in the vertical direction;
step five: in order to prevent the blank 6 from flowing to the vertical cavity rapidly and prevent the folding and the cavity caused by metal backflow, the vertical punch 3 starts to act, and the stroke of the first action of the vertical punch 3 is determined by considering the residual stroke of the horizontal punch and the stress balance of the three punches during final forming and the like.
Step six: in order to ensure that the three-way valve body is filled fully in all directions, the left horizontal inner punch and the right horizontal inner punch are added to act, and the left horizontal inner punch and the right horizontal inner punch and the vertical punch 3 complete the forming of the valve body together at a constant speed.
Further, in the present embodiment, the left horizontal outer punch, the left horizontal inner punch, the right horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal inner punch are all driven by the two-stage hydraulic cylinder 2, and the sequence of the actions of the inner and outer punches is completed by controlling the timing sequence and maintaining the pressure. And analyzing and determining the optimal loading speed of the punch according to the conducted material constitutive test data.
Example one
The method comprises the following steps: and designing the die set body 1 according to the overall dimension of the forging.
Step two: the two-stage hydraulic cylinder 2 is designed according to the size of the forged piece and the pre-implemented punch action sequence, and the sequential action of the horizontal outer punch 4 and the horizontal inner punch 5 can be realized by controlling the time sequence.
Step three: determining the volume of the blank 6 according to the volume of the forged piece: diameter 64mm, height 162mm, blanking and centering the blank 6 in the die mould body 1.
Step four: the horizontal inner punch 5 is driven with a stroke of 10mm (greater than 8mm for punch tip fillet R).
Step five: and driving the horizontal outer punch 4 to perform forming with the stroke of 11mm, and finishing the upsetting process of the vertical outer cavity.
Step six: and stopping the action of the horizontal outer punch 4, keeping the pressure, continuously driving the horizontal inner punch 5, wherein the stroke is 35mm, and the round-corner root of the punch reaches the outer diameter of the horizontal cavity.
Step seven: stopping the action of the horizontal inner punch 5, keeping the pressure and driving the vertical punch 3 to act; the stroke of the vertical punch 3 is determined to be 25mm by combining the residual stroke of the vertical cavity, punch load balance and other factors.
Step eight: and driving the horizontal outer punch 4 and the horizontal inner punch 5 to perform forging forming with a stroke of 21mm and finishing the forging forming of the blank 6 together at a constant speed.
Step nine: unloading, resetting and moving out the forging.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The die forging method for forming the three-way part by multi-directional die forging is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: horizontally centering the blank in the die body;
step two: determining the first action strokes of the two inner punches according to the sizes of end fillets of the left horizontal inner punch and the right horizontal inner punch so as to ensure that a cavity cannot be formed between the two inner punches and the matched outer punch in the subsequent forming process;
step three: adding the left horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal outer punch, and determining the strokes of the two horizontal outer punches according to the actual external dimension of the blank so as to finish upsetting the blank;
step four: the left horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal outer punch stop moving, the left horizontal inner punch and the right horizontal inner punch continue moving, and the left horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal inner punch stop moving until the end fillets of the inner punches on the two sides completely pass through the outer diameter of the vertical cavity of the die body;
step five: the vertical punch starts to act, and the stroke of the first action of the vertical punch is determined according to the residual stroke of the horizontal punch and the factors of balanced stress of the three punches during final forming;
step six: and adding the left horizontal inner punch and the right horizontal inner punch, and completing the forming of the valve body together with the vertical punch at a constant speed.
2. A die for forming a three-way part through multi-directional die forging is applied to the die forging method for forming the three-way part through multi-directional die forging according to claim 1, and is characterized in that: the blank pressing die comprises a die body, a left horizontal punch, a right horizontal punch and a vertical punch, wherein the die body is a die capable of being detached from the front and the back, a blank is horizontally and centrally placed in the die body, the end part of the left horizontal punch driven by a hydraulic cylinder extends into a left opening of the die body and is used for applying force to the left side of the blank, and the end part of the right horizontal punch driven by the hydraulic cylinder extends into a right opening of the die body and is used for applying force to the right side of the blank; the end of the vertical punch driven by a hydraulic cylinder extends into the top opening of the die body and is used to apply a force to the top of the billet.
3. The die for forming the three-way part by multi-directional swaging according to claim 2, wherein: the left horizontal punch comprises a left horizontal outer punch and a left horizontal inner punch, and the left horizontal inner punch is coaxially sleeved on the inner side of the left horizontal outer punch; the hydraulic cylinder adopts a two-stage hydraulic cylinder which is used for driving the left horizontal outer punch and the left horizontal inner punch to respectively act.
4. The die for forming the three-way part by multi-directional swaging according to claim 2, wherein: the right horizontal punch comprises a right horizontal outer punch and a right horizontal inner punch, and the right horizontal inner punch is coaxially sleeved on the inner side of the right horizontal outer punch; the hydraulic cylinder adopts a two-stage hydraulic cylinder which is used for driving the right horizontal outer punch and the right horizontal inner punch to respectively act.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011085105.3A CN112275987B (en) | 2020-10-12 | 2020-10-12 | Die and die forging method for forming three-way part through multidirectional die forging |
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| CN202011085105.3A CN112275987B (en) | 2020-10-12 | 2020-10-12 | Die and die forging method for forming three-way part through multidirectional die forging |
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| CN112275987B true CN112275987B (en) | 2021-10-22 |
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Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB329359A (en) * | 1928-12-17 | 1930-05-19 | George Turton Platts & Co Ltd | Improvements in, and relating to, the manufacture of hollow metal bodies |
| US1946117A (en) * | 1929-11-18 | 1934-02-06 | Charles H Bickell | Method of and apparatus for extruding valves and multiflanged pipe fittings |
| JPH044939A (en) * | 1990-04-23 | 1992-01-09 | Nagoya Giken Kogyo Kk | Method for forming intermediate joint fitting for hydraulic piping or the like |
| WO1999007497A1 (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-02-18 | Toto Ltd. | Full enclosed die forging method, full enclosed die forging apparatus, and product of forging |
| JP2010284701A (en) * | 2009-06-14 | 2010-12-24 | 國雄 ▲高▼澤 | Method and device for manufacturing three-way branch pipe or three-way branch member |
| CN102641955A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-22 | 西北工业大学 | Mould capable of forming three-way pipe on one-way pressure machine and forming method thereof |
| CN103191944A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-10 | 江苏舒恒管夹制造有限公司 | Method and device for plasticity forming of high-pressure hydraulic t-branch pipe joint |
| CN102248102B (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2013-08-14 | 西北工业大学 | Method for integrally forming aluminum alloy equal-diameter three-way member |
| CN105964850A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-09-28 | 二十二冶集团精密锻造有限公司 | Extrusion molding method of nickel based alloy sphere for valve |
| CN107486532A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-19 | 柳州科尔特锻造机械有限公司 | The forging method of three-way piece |
-
2020
- 2020-10-12 CN CN202011085105.3A patent/CN112275987B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB329359A (en) * | 1928-12-17 | 1930-05-19 | George Turton Platts & Co Ltd | Improvements in, and relating to, the manufacture of hollow metal bodies |
| US1946117A (en) * | 1929-11-18 | 1934-02-06 | Charles H Bickell | Method of and apparatus for extruding valves and multiflanged pipe fittings |
| JPH044939A (en) * | 1990-04-23 | 1992-01-09 | Nagoya Giken Kogyo Kk | Method for forming intermediate joint fitting for hydraulic piping or the like |
| WO1999007497A1 (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-02-18 | Toto Ltd. | Full enclosed die forging method, full enclosed die forging apparatus, and product of forging |
| JP2010284701A (en) * | 2009-06-14 | 2010-12-24 | 國雄 ▲高▼澤 | Method and device for manufacturing three-way branch pipe or three-way branch member |
| CN102248102B (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2013-08-14 | 西北工业大学 | Method for integrally forming aluminum alloy equal-diameter three-way member |
| CN103191944A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-10 | 江苏舒恒管夹制造有限公司 | Method and device for plasticity forming of high-pressure hydraulic t-branch pipe joint |
| CN102641955A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-22 | 西北工业大学 | Mould capable of forming three-way pipe on one-way pressure machine and forming method thereof |
| CN105964850A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-09-28 | 二十二冶集团精密锻造有限公司 | Extrusion molding method of nickel based alloy sphere for valve |
| CN107486532A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-19 | 柳州科尔特锻造机械有限公司 | The forging method of three-way piece |
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| CN112275987A (en) | 2021-01-29 |
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