CN112275830A - Grain refining processing method of titanium alloy tube blank for spinning - Google Patents
Grain refining processing method of titanium alloy tube blank for spinning Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy material processing, and relates to a grain refining processing method of a titanium alloy tube blank for spinning, which comprises the following steps: firstly, forging at 150-200 ℃ and 50-120 ℃ above the phase transformation point to obtain a bar blank; step two, upsetting and drawing out at 20-50 ℃ below the phase transformation point, and punching to obtain a ring blank; step three, reducing forging is carried out at the temperature of 15-50 ℃ above the phase transformation point to obtain a tube blank; and step four, rolling at the temperature of 25-90 ℃ below the phase change point to obtain the titanium alloy fine-grained pipe with the wall thickness of 10-25 mm for spinning. The method has the advantages of short process flow, stability and controllability, and the prepared titanium alloy pipe has fine grains and uniform structure, and meets the related technical requirements of the spinning forming process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy material processing, and relates to a grain refining processing method of a titanium alloy tube blank for spinning.
Background
The titanium alloy has the excellent characteristics of high specific strength, low density, good corrosion resistance, no magnetism, good weldability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of weaponry such as aerospace, ships, weapons and the like. The spinning forming technology has the advantages of simple process, few cutting machining and the like, and the product has high precision and excellent performance, and is an advanced manufacturing technology for manufacturing titanium alloy thin-wall revolving parts. A lot of spinning technologies are adopted at home and abroad to prepare titanium alloy thin-wall revolving parts, such as combustion chamber cylinders, pressure vessels, storage tanks, engine shells, vector nozzles and the like, and the design requirements of novel weaponry on light weight, low cost and high performance are met.
When the spinning technology is used for manufacturing the titanium alloy thin-wall revolving body part, the requirement of the part on the dimensional precision is high due to the large processing difficulty of the titanium alloy, the use cost is strictly controlled, and a pipe blank for spinning needs to be reasonably designed. At present, the preparation method of the titanium alloy pipe for spinning mainly comprises bar machining, namely hollow pipes are cut on a finished titanium alloy bar, the method is low in material utilization rate, and particularly the machining difficulty is very high during deep drilling and cutting, so that the machining period is long and the production cost is high. In addition, in the currently reported tube rolling and extrusion processes, all adopted blanks are obtained by adopting qualified titanium alloy bars to perform forging, punching and machining, and the problems of large blank input, complex process, long processing period and the like exist. Therefore, in order to overcome the above disadvantages, it is necessary to invent a short-flow and grain-refined processing method for a titanium alloy tube for spinning.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method for processing the titanium alloy tube blank for spinning by grain refining is provided.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: .
A grain refining processing method of a titanium alloy tube blank for spinning comprises the following steps:
step one, the titanium alloy blank is sequentially subjected to 150-200 ℃ above the phase transformation point and the phase transformation pointHeating at 50-120 deg.c for heat preservation time t1Upsetting, drawing and forging to obtain a first bar blank, wherein the total deformation of each upsetting is Q; the final forging temperature of the upsetting drawing forging is not lower than 15 ℃ below the phase transformation point;
step two, heating the bar billet in the step one at the temperature of 20-50 ℃ below the phase transformation point, and keeping the temperature for t2Upsetting, drawing and forging are carried out, the total deformation of each upsetting is Q, and the diameter r is obtained1Then carrying out cake blank upsetting to obtain a second bar blank with the diameter r2Punching to obtain a ring blank with the inner diameter of 20-40% of the outer diameter of the ring blank;
step three, heating and insulating the ring blank in the step two at the temperature of 15-50 ℃ above the phase transformation point for the insulating time t3Then carrying out reducing forging; the finish forging temperature of the reducing forging is not lower than 25 ℃ below the phase change point;
step four, heating and preserving the intermediate pipe blank in the step three at the temperature of 25-90 ℃ below the phase transformation point for a preserving time t4Then rolling to obtain a pipe;
the total deformation Q of each upsetting in the first step and the second step meets the formula (1):
wherein Q is the total deformation of each upsetting, and is finished by multiple times of single pressing deformation;
αicoefficient of deformation per single reduction, alpha, selected according to deformation temperatureiThe value is 0.03-0.20;
n is the pressing deformation times selected according to the deformation temperature, and the value of n is 3-10.
In step two, r1And r2Satisfies formula (2):
r1＝ε×r2 (2)
wherein epsilon is a proportionality coefficient, and the value of epsilon is 0.5-0.8, preferably 0.65-0.75.
Each upsetting in the step oneThe coarse total deformation Q satisfies the formula (1), wherein alphaiThe value is 0.03-0.11, preferably 0.05-0.08; n is 4-10, preferably 5-7.
The total deformation Q of each upsetting in the step two meets the formula (1), wherein alphaiThe value is 0.08-0.20, preferably 0.10-0.15; and n is 3-9, preferably 4-6.
The heat preservation time t in the step one1＝μ1×λ1Wherein, mu1Is a coefficient of heating and mu10.35-0.55, min/mm, lambda1Is the maximum cross-sectional thickness of the titanium alloy billet in mm.
The heat preservation time t in the step two2＝μ2×λ2Wherein, mu2Is a coefficient of heating and mu20.5 to 1.0 in min/mm, lambda2The maximum cross-sectional thickness of the first bar blank in step one is in mm.
The heat preservation time t in the third step3＝μ3×λ3Wherein, mu3Is a coefficient of heating and mu30.45-0.85 in min/mm lambda3And (4) the wall thickness of the ring blank in the second step is in mm.
The heat preservation time t in the fourth step4＝μ4×λ4Wherein, mu4Is a coefficient of heating and mu40.6-1.2, min/mm, lambda4The wall thickness of the intermediate pipe blank in the third step is in mm.
And step three, reducing forging is carried out, wherein the inner diameter of the ring blank is unchanged, and the reducing amount of the outer diameter is 25-50%.
In the fourth step, the inner diameter of the pipe is 80-95% of the outer diameter of the pipe.
Preferably, the upsetting elongation, the cake blank upsetting and the punching in the second step are completed within one fire.
Preferably, the titanium alloy ingot in the first step is a titanium alloy ingot or a coarse grain bar.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) firstly, the forging deformation of the titanium alloy raw material and the preparation process of the blank structure are fully combined, the preparation of the blank is completed while the structure is refined and homogenized, and compared with the traditional processing method for obtaining the tube blank for spinning by machining or punching after ingot casting, forging change and bar forging, the method has the advantages of less forging heat number, short processing flow and the like, the additional blank preparation procedures of material distribution, forging change and the like are not needed, the production flow is simplified, the production efficiency is improved, and the processing period is shortened.
(2) Secondly, the invention adopts a process route combining 'beta region upsetting drawing-out forging, two-phase region upsetting deformation, beta region reducing forging and rolling forming', and solves the technical problems of short flow and grain refining processing of the titanium alloy pipe for spinning by comprehensively controlling the heating temperature, the beta region heat preservation time, the finish forging temperature, the total upsetting deformation, the single pressing deformation, the pressing deformation times, the wall thickness reducing amount and other process parameters.
(3) Thirdly, the titanium alloy ingot or the coarse crystal bar with proper specification is selected as a raw material, firstly, 2-time forging is carried out in a beta region higher than a phase transformation point, the effect is to break a coarse as-cast structure, and a small deformation coefficient under single pressing is adopted, so that deformation latent heat caused by rapid deformation is avoided; then forging in a two-phase region (alpha + beta) below the phase transformation point, further refining and spheroidizing the alpha phase on the premise of avoiding coarsening of beta grains, and adopting a larger single-reduction deformation coefficient and a larger upsetting total deformation amount to fully break the structure to obtain the recrystallization capability of the next step of high-temperature homogenization deformation; then forging is carried out in a lower beta region above the phase transformation point, beta grains are further crushed, the structure is further refined, and a structure foundation is provided for finally obtaining a fine crystal structure.
(4) Finally, the method is simple to operate, the process is stable, the prepared pipe is uniform in structure and fine in crystal grain, the related technical requirements of the titanium alloy spinning forming process are met, and the method has good process controllability and batch production stability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly explained. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure photograph of a TC4 titanium alloy tube prepared by the method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Features of various aspects of embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to better understand the present invention by illustrating examples thereof. The present invention is not limited to any particular arrangement or method provided below, but rather covers all product structures, any modifications, alterations, etc. of the method covered without departing from the spirit of the invention.
In the drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. The TC4 titanium alloy comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 5.5-6.75% of aluminum, 3.5-4.5% of vanadium, and impurity elements: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of carbon, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of oxygen, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of other elements individually, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of the total, and the balance of titanium.
The processing method for producing the qualified TC4 titanium alloy fine-grain pipe for spinning by adopting the method for processing the fine-grain titanium alloy pipe for spinning, disclosed by the invention, to take the TC4 titanium alloy ingot as a raw material blank specifically comprises the following steps of:
step one, respectively placing TC4 titanium alloy ingots at Tβ+ (150 ℃ C. to 200 ℃ C.) and TβHeating and heat preservation at 50-120 ℃ for t1＝μ1×λ1，μ1Is a coefficient of heating and mu1＝0.35min/mm～0.55min/mm，λ1For the maximum cross section thickness (unit mm) of the TC4 titanium alloy ingot, upsetting, drawing and forging are carried out for 1-2 times, the total deformation Q of each upsetting is finished by pressing and deforming for multiple times, and
αiand (3) obtaining a first bar blank, wherein n is 0.03-0.11 and n is 4-10. The temperature after forging is not lower than Tβ-15℃。
Step two, the bar blank in the step (one) is placed at TβHeating and heat preservation at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ to 50 ℃ for t2＝μ2×λ2，μ2Is a coefficient of heating and mu2＝0.5min/mm～1.0min/mm，λ2Upsetting, drawing and forging for 1-2 times, wherein the upsetting total deformation Q of each time is finished by multiple pressing deformation, and the upsetting total deformation Q is the maximum cross section thickness (unit mm) of the bar blank in the step (I)
αi0.08 to 0.20, n 3 to 9, and r is the diameter1Then carrying out cake blank upsetting to obtain a second bar blank with the diameter r2A cake blank of (a), and r1＝εr2And e, the value of epsilon is 0.5-0.8, and a ring blank with the inner diameter of 20-40% is obtained after punching. Upsetting and drawing out, upsetting cake blank and punching are finished within 1 fire, and the temperature after punching is not lower than 850 ℃.
Step three, the ring blank in the step (two) is placed at TβHeating and heat preservation at 15-50 ℃ for t3＝μ3×λ3Wherein, mu3Is a coefficient of heating and mu3＝0.45min/mm～0.85min/mm，λ3And (3) performing reducing forging for the wall thickness (unit mm) of the ring blank in the step (II), wherein the inner diameter of the ring blank is unchanged, and the reducing amount of the outer diameter is 25-50%, so as to obtain a pipe blank with the inner diameter being 50-75% of the outer diameter. The temperature after the reducing forging is not lower than Tβ-25℃。
Step four, placing the tube blank in the step (three) at TβHeating and heat preservation at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ to 90 ℃ for a time t4＝μ4×λ4Wherein, mu4Is a coefficient of heating and mu4＝0.6min/mm～1.2min/mm，λ4And (3) rolling for multiple times to obtain the pipe with the inner diameter of 80-95% of the outer diameter, wherein the thickness (unit mm) of the intermediate pipe blank in the step (III) is the thickness. The temperature after the rolling is finished is not lower than 820 ℃.
And step five, performing machining on the pipe in the step four to remove an oxide layer and defects to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy pipe with the thickness of 10-25 mm, and inspecting that the macroscopic structure of the pipe is uniform and has no cracks, folds, inclusion segregation, pores and other macroscopic metallurgical defects, and the macroscopic structure is shown in figure 2, and has fine and uniform structure and no continuous and coarse original beta crystal boundary. The TC4 titanium alloy pipe obtained by the specific embodiment of the invention has short processing flow and fine and uniform structure, and meets the technical requirements of the spinning forming process.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. The present invention is further illustrated by four examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, TC4 titanium alloy ingots with the diameter of 180mm and the length of 200mm are adopted, risers and bottom pads of the ingots are cut off through machining, oxide skins and defects on the surfaces of the ingots are removed through peeling, and chamfers are arranged at two ends of the ingots. The TC4 titanium alloy adopted in the embodiment is detected to have the phase transformation point Tβ＝995℃。
The invention discloses a grain refining processing method of a titanium alloy pipe for spinning, which takes a TC4 titanium alloy ingot as a raw material to produce the TC4 titanium alloy grain refining pipe for spinning, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, heating TC4 titanium alloy ingot at 1170 ℃, preserving heat for 90min, and then performing one-upsetting one-drawing forging, wherein the total deformation amount of upsetting is finished by pressing and deforming for 5 times, and the deformation coefficient of each pressing is alpha1＝0.05、α2＝0.065、α3＝0.075、α4＝0.08、α50.1, 30.4 percent of total deformation Q of upsetting, the length after drawing is the same as the initial length of the cast ingot, then heating at 1055 ℃, preserving heat for 95min, performing one-upsetting one-drawing forging, completing the deformation of the total deformation of upsetting by n-6 times of pressing, and the deformation coefficient of each time of pressing is respectively alpha1＝0.05、α2＝0.05、α3＝0.065、α4＝0.065、α5＝0.07、α6The total strain Q was 31.7% at 0.07%, and the drawn length was the same as the initial length of the ingot, to obtain a first bar having a maximum cross-sectional thickness of 180 mm. The final forging temperature after each fire forging is not lower than 980 ℃.
Step two, heating the bar blank obtained in the step (one) at 965 ℃, preserving heat for 120min, performing two-upsetting and two-drawing forging, completing deformation under the condition that n is 4 times of pressing for each upsetting, wherein the deformation coefficient under each pressing is alpha1＝0.12、α2＝0.12、α3＝0.15、α4And (3) upsetting the total deformation Q of 0.15 to 44 percent to obtain a second bar blank with the diameter of 150mm, then carrying out cake blank upsetting to obtain a cake blank with the diameter of 232mm, and punching to obtain a ring blank with the inner diameter of 85mm and the outer diameter of 232 mm. Upsetting and drawing out, upsetting cake blank and punching are finished within 1 fire, and the temperature after punching is not lower than 850 ℃.
And step three, heating the ring blank obtained in the step (two) at 1025 ℃, preserving heat for 35min, and then performing reducing forging, wherein the inner diameter of the ring blank is unchanged, and the reducing amount of the outer diameter is 40%, so that a tube blank with the inner diameter of 85mm and the outer diameter of 140mm is obtained. The temperature after the reducing forging is finished is not lower than 970 ℃.
And step four, heating the tube blank obtained in the step (three) at 940 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, and then rolling on a ring rolling mill to obtain the tube blank with the inner diameter of 142mm and the outer diameter of 177 mm. The temperature after the rolling is finished is not lower than 820 ℃.
And fifthly, performing machining on the pipe obtained in the fourth step to remove an oxide layer and defects to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy pipe with the inner diameter of 145mm, the outer diameter of 175mm and the thickness of 15mm, wherein the low-order structure of the pipe is uniform, cracks, folds, inclusion segregation, air holes and other macroscopic metallurgical defects are not generated, the structure is fine and uniform, and continuous and coarse original beta crystal boundaries are not generated. The TC4 titanium alloy pipe obtained by the specific embodiment of the invention has short processing flow and fine and uniform structure, and meets the technical requirements of the spinning forming process.
Example 2:
this example uses a 150mm diameter and 160mm length TC4 titanium alloy macrocrystalline rod material, and removes scale and defects on the surface by machining, and chamfers at both ends. The phase transition point (T) of the TC4 titanium alloy coarse-grain bar material adopted in the embodiment is detectedβ) Is Tβ＝995℃。
The method for processing the titanium alloy pipe for spinning comprises the following steps of producing a qualified TC4 titanium alloy pipe for spinning from a TC4 titanium alloy coarse-grain bar material:
step one, heating TC4 titanium alloy coarse-grain bars at 1175 ℃, preserving heat for 80min, and then performing one-heading one-drawing forging, wherein the total deformation amount of upsetting is finished by pressing and deforming for 6 times, and the deformation coefficient of each pressing is alpha1＝0.05、α2＝0.05、α3＝0.06、α4＝0.06、α5＝0.07、α60.07, upsetting total deformation Q is 31 percent, the length after drawing is the same as the initial length of the coarse crystal bar material, then heating is carried out at 1050 ℃, the heat preservation time is 85min, then one-upsetting one-drawing forging is carried out, the upsetting total deformation is finished by deformation under n-5 pressing, and the deformation coefficient under each pressing is respectively alpha1＝0.06、α2＝0.065、α3＝0.065、α4＝0.07、α5When the total deformation Q was 33.9% and the drawn length was the same as the initial length of the bar material, the machine test was carried out to obtain a first bar having a maximum cross-sectional thickness of 155 mm. The final forging temperature after each fire forging is not lower than 980 ℃.
Step (ii) ofSecondly, heating the bar blank obtained in the step (I) at 970 ℃, preserving heat for 100min, performing two-upsetting and two-drawing forging, wherein the total deformation amount of each upsetting is finished by pressing and deforming n-4 times, and the deformation coefficient of each pressing is respectively alpha1＝0.12、α2＝0.14、α3＝0.15、α4And (3) upsetting the total deformation Q to 47.2 percent to obtain a second bar blank with the diameter of 135mm, then carrying out cake blank upsetting to obtain a cake blank with the diameter of 193mm, and punching to obtain a ring blank with the inner diameter of 85mm and the outer diameter of 193 mm. Upsetting and drawing out, upsetting cake blank and punching are finished within 1 fire, and the temperature after punching is not lower than 850 ℃.
And step three, heating the ring blank obtained in the step (II) at 1030 ℃, preserving heat for 40min, and then performing reducing forging, wherein the inner diameter of the ring blank is unchanged, and the reducing amount of the outer diameter is 35%, so that a tube blank with the inner diameter of 65mm and the outer diameter of 125mm is obtained. The temperature after the reducing forging is finished is not lower than 970 ℃.
And step four, heating the tube blank obtained in the step (three) at 970 ℃, preserving heat for 35min, and then rolling on a ring rolling mill to obtain the tube blank with the inner diameter of 114mm and the outer diameter of 138 mm. The temperature after the rolling is finished is not lower than 820 ℃.
And step five, performing machining on the pipe obtained in the step four to remove an oxide layer and defects to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy pipe with the inner diameter of 115mm, the outer diameter of 135mm and the thickness of 10mm, wherein the low-order structure of the pipe is uniform, cracks, folds, inclusion segregation, air holes and other macroscopic metallurgical defects are not generated, the structure is fine and uniform, and continuous and coarse original beta crystal boundaries are not generated. The TC4 titanium alloy pipe obtained by the specific embodiment of the invention has short processing flow and fine and uniform structure, and meets the technical requirements of the spinning forming process.
Example 3:
in the embodiment, TC4 titanium alloy ingots with the diameter of 230mm and the length of 300mm are adopted, risers and bottom pads of the ingots are cut off through machining, oxide skins and defects on the surfaces of the ingots are removed through peeling, and chamfers are arranged at two ends of the ingots. The phase transition point (T) of the TC4 titanium alloy used in the present example was determinedβ) Is Tβ＝995℃。
The method for processing the titanium alloy pipe for spinning by grain refining comprises the following steps of casting a TC4 titanium alloy ingot to produce a qualified TC4 titanium alloy pipe for spinning:
step one, heating a TC4 titanium alloy ingot at 1180 ℃, preserving heat for 105min, and then performing one-heading one-drawing forging, wherein the total deformation amount of upsetting is finished by pressing and deforming for n-7 times, and the deformation coefficient of each pressing is respectively alpha1＝0.05、α2＝0.05、α3＝0.05、α4＝0.06、α5＝0.06、α6＝0.06、α70.07, 33.7 percent of total deformation Q of upsetting, the length after drawing is the same as the initial length of the cast ingot, then heating at 1110 ℃, preserving heat for 115min, performing one-upsetting one-drawing forging, completing the deformation of the total deformation of upsetting by n-5 times of pressing, and the deformation coefficient of each time of pressing is respectively alpha1＝0.06、α2＝0.06、α3＝0.08、α4＝0.1、α5The total strain Q was 35.5% at 0.1, and the drawn length was the same as the initial length of the ingot, to obtain a first bar having a maximum cross-sectional thickness of 230 mm. The final forging temperature after each fire forging is not lower than 980 ℃.
Step two, heating the bar blank obtained in the step one at 955 ℃, preserving heat for 195min, performing two-upsetting and two-drawing forging, wherein the total deformation amount of each upsetting is finished by pressing and deforming for 5 times, and the deformation coefficient of each pressing is respectively alpha1＝0.15、α2＝0.15、α3＝0.15、α4＝0.18、α5And (3) upsetting the total deformation Q of 0.18 to 58.7 percent to obtain a second bar blank with the diameter of 185mm, then carrying out cake blank upsetting to obtain a cake blank with the diameter of 335mm, and punching to obtain a ring blank with the inner diameter of 110mm and the outer diameter of 335 mm. Upsetting and drawing out, upsetting cake blank and punching are finished within 1 fire, and the temperature after punching is not lower than 850 ℃.
And step three, heating the ring blank obtained in the step (two) at 1025 ℃, preserving heat for 55min, and then performing reducing forging, wherein the inner diameter of the ring blank is unchanged, and the outer diameter reduction amount is 30%, so that a tube blank with the inner diameter of 110mm and the outer diameter of 234mm is obtained. The temperature after the reducing forging is finished is not lower than 970 ℃.
And step four, heating the tube blank obtained in the step (three) at 940 ℃, preserving heat for 50min, and then rolling on a ring rolling machine to obtain the tube blank with the inner diameter of 350mm and the outer diameter of 400 mm. The temperature after the rolling is finished is not lower than 820 ℃.
And step five, performing machining on the pipe obtained in the step four to remove an oxide layer and defects to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy pipe with the inner diameter of 352mm, the outer diameter of 398mm and the thickness of 23mm, wherein the pipe is inspected to have uniform macrostructure, no cracks, folds, inclusion segregation, pores and other macroscopic metallurgical defects, fine and uniform structure and no continuous and coarse original beta crystal boundary. The TC4 titanium alloy pipe obtained by the specific embodiment of the invention has short processing flow and fine and uniform structure, and meets the technical requirements of the spinning forming process.
Example 4:
in the embodiment, TC4 titanium alloy ingots with the diameter of 230mm and the length of 300mm are adopted, risers and bottom pads of the ingots are cut off through machining, oxide skins and defects on the surfaces of the ingots are removed through peeling, and chamfers are arranged at two ends of the ingots. The phase transition point (T) of the TC4 titanium alloy used in the present example was determinedβ) Is Tβ＝995℃。
The method for processing the titanium alloy pipe for spinning by grain refining comprises the following steps of casting a TC4 titanium alloy ingot to produce a qualified TC4 titanium alloy pipe for spinning:
step one, heating a TC4 titanium alloy ingot at 1185 ℃, preserving heat for 110min, and then performing one-heading one-drawing forging, wherein the total deformation amount of upsetting is finished by pressing and deforming n-6 times, and the deformation coefficient of each pressing is respectively alpha1＝0.05、α2＝0.07、α3＝0.06、α4＝0.07、α5＝0.07、α60.06, 32.4% of total deformation Q of upsetting, the length after drawing is the same as the initial length of the cast ingot, then heating at 1113 ℃, preserving heat for 115min, performing one-upsetting one-drawing forging, completing the deformation of the total deformation of upsetting under n-6 pressing, and the deformation coefficient of each pressing is alpha1＝0.06、α2＝0.07、α3＝0.07、α4＝0.08、α5＝0.1、α60.1, 39.4% of total deformation Q, after elongationIs the same as the initial length of the ingot, resulting in a first billet having a maximum cross-sectional thickness of 230 mm. The final forging temperature after each fire forging is not lower than 980 ℃.
Step two, heating the bar blank obtained in the step (one) at 970 ℃, keeping the temperature for 210min, performing two-upsetting and two-drawing forging, wherein the total deformation amount of each upsetting is finished by pressing and deforming for 5 times, and the deformation coefficient of each pressing is respectively alpha1＝0.15、α2＝0.18、α3＝0.18、α4＝0.18、α5And (3) upsetting the total deformation Q of 0.20 to 62.5 percent to obtain a second bar blank with the diameter of 190mm, then upsetting the cake blank to obtain a cake blank with the diameter of 292mm, and punching to obtain a ring blank with the inner diameter of 78mm and the outer diameter of 292 mm. Upsetting and drawing out, upsetting cake blank and punching are finished within 1 fire, and the temperature after punching is not lower than 850 ℃.
And step three, heating the ring blank obtained in the step (II) at 1045 ℃, preserving heat for 55min, and then performing reducing forging, wherein the inner diameter of the ring blank is unchanged, and the outer diameter reduction amount is 30%, so that a tube blank with the inner diameter of 78mm and the outer diameter of 204mm is obtained. The temperature after the reducing forging is finished is not lower than 970 ℃.
And step four, heating the tube blank obtained in the step (three) at 945 ℃, preserving heat for 50min, and then rolling on a ring rolling mill to obtain the tube blank with the inner diameter of 210mm and the outer diameter of 250 mm. The temperature after the rolling is finished is not lower than 820 ℃.
And step five, performing machining on the pipe obtained in the step four to remove an oxide layer and defects to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy pipe with the inner diameter of 212mm, the outer diameter of 248mm and the thickness of 18mm, wherein the low-order structure of the pipe is uniform, no cracks, folds, inclusion segregation, pores or other macroscopic metallurgical defects are generated, the structure is fine and uniform, and no continuous and coarse original beta crystal boundary exists. The TC4 titanium alloy pipe obtained by the specific embodiment of the invention has short processing flow and fine and uniform structure, and meets the technical requirements of the spinning forming process.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A grain refining processing method of a titanium alloy tube blank for spinning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, heating the titanium alloy blank at 150-200 ℃ above the transformation point and 50-120 ℃ above the transformation point in sequence, and keeping the temperature for t1Upsetting, drawing and forging to obtain a first bar blank, wherein the total deformation of each upsetting is Q; the final forging temperature of the upsetting drawing forging is not lower than 15 ℃ below the phase transformation point;
step two, heating the bar billet in the step one at the temperature of 20-50 ℃ below the phase transformation point, and keeping the temperature for t2Upsetting, drawing and forging are carried out, the total deformation of each upsetting is Q, and the diameter r is obtained1Then carrying out cake blank upsetting to obtain a second bar blank with the diameter r2Punching to obtain a ring blank with the inner diameter of 20-40% of the outer diameter of the ring blank;
step three, heating and insulating the ring blank in the step two at the temperature of 15-50 ℃ above the phase transformation point for the insulating time t3Then carrying out reducing forging; the finish forging temperature of the reducing forging is not lower than 25 ℃ below the phase change point;
step four, heating and preserving the intermediate pipe blank in the step three at the temperature of 25-90 ℃ below the phase transformation point for a preserving time t4Then rolling to obtain a pipe;
the total deformation Q of each upsetting in the first step and the second step meets the formula (1):
wherein Q is the total deformation of each upsetting, and is finished by multiple times of single pressing deformation;
αicoefficient of deformation per single reduction, alpha, selected according to deformation temperatureiThe value is 0.03-0.20;
n is the pressing deformation times selected according to the deformation temperature, and the value of n is 3-10.
2. A method for refining grain of a spinning titanium alloy blank according to claim 1, wherein r in the second step1And r2Satisfies formula (2):
r1＝ε×r2 (2)
wherein epsilon is a proportionality coefficient and takes a value of 0.5-0.8.
3. A method for refining a titanium alloy blank tube for spinning according to claim 1, wherein said total deformation amount Q per upsetting in the first step satisfies formula (1) where α isiThe value is 0.03-0.11; and n is 4-10.
4. A method for refining a titanium alloy blank tube for spinning according to claim 1, wherein said total deformation amount Q per upsetting in the second step satisfies formula (1) where α isiThe value is 0.08-0.20; and n is 3-9.
5. A method for refining grain of a spinning titanium alloy tube blank according to claim 1, wherein said holding time t in step one1＝μ1×λ1Wherein, mu1Is a coefficient of heating and mu10.35-0.55, min/mm, lambda1Is the maximum cross-sectional thickness of the titanium alloy billet in mm.
6. A method for refining grain of a spinning titanium alloy tube blank according to claim 1, wherein said holding time t in step two2＝μ2×λ2Wherein, mu2Is a coefficient of heating and mu20.5 to 1.0 in min/mm, lambda2The maximum cross-sectional thickness of the first bar blank in step one is in mm.
7. A method for refining grains in a titanium alloy tube blank for spinning according to claim 1, wherein said holding time t in step three is3＝μ3×λ3Wherein, mu3Is a coefficient of heating and mu30.45-0.85 in min/mm lambda3And (4) the wall thickness of the ring blank in the second step is in mm.
8. A method for refining grain of a titanium alloy blank for spinning according to claim 1, wherein said holding time t in step four is4＝μ4×λ4Wherein, mu4Is a coefficient of heating and mu40.6-1.2, min/mm, lambda4The wall thickness of the intermediate pipe blank in the third step is in mm.
9. The method for refining the grain of the titanium alloy tube blank for spinning according to claim 1, wherein the reducing forging in the third step is performed such that the inner diameter of the ring blank is not changed and the outer diameter reducing amount is 25 to 50 percent.
10. A method for refining grain of a titanium alloy tube blank for spinning according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the inner diameter of the tube is 80 to 95% of the outer diameter thereof.
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| CN114160652A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-11 | 西安泰金工业电化学技术有限公司 | Hot spinning forming method for large-diameter titanium alloy cylindrical part |
| CN116748820A (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-09-15 | 湖南湘投金天科技集团有限责任公司 | Special-shaped seamless pipe and preparation method thereof |
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| CN116748820A (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-09-15 | 湖南湘投金天科技集团有限责任公司 | Special-shaped seamless pipe and preparation method thereof |
| CN116748820B (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-12-26 | 湖南湘投金天科技集团有限责任公司 | Special-shaped seamless pipe and preparation method thereof |
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