CN112270056A - Lightning risk assessment method and system for wind driven generator in wind power plant - Google Patents

Lightning risk assessment method and system for wind driven generator in wind power plant Download PDF

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CN112270056A
CN112270056A CN202011256383.0A CN202011256383A CN112270056A CN 112270056 A CN112270056 A CN 112270056A CN 202011256383 A CN202011256383 A CN 202011256383A CN 112270056 A CN112270056 A CN 112270056A
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fan
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CN112270056B (en
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张博
孙通
张石
夏晖
许艺纬
霍焕杰
王宇
陈怀飞
向念文
边凯
张竹
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Longyuan Beijing Wind Power Engineering Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a lightning risk assessment method and a lightning risk assessment system for a wind driven generator in a wind power plant, belonging to the field of wind turbine generators and comprising the following steps: taking the center of the fan as a pole point to obtain a coordinate set A; step S2, obtaining topographic data and I of the position of the fan DPyH1; and two potential distribution curves 1 and 2 are obtained; step S3, recording the straight line distance from the descending pilot head at the position of the point X to the lightning stroke target point as H2, and entering S4 if H2 is less than H1; if H2 is not less than H1, the downlink pilot at the position of the point X cannot hit the fan D, and the process enters S5; step S4, judging whether the lightning strike target point has a stable head-on pilot: if the descending pilot hits the fan D, otherwise, the height H1 is reduced, and the step is returnedA step S2; step S5, calculating a lightning stroke interception area SD' and height H of lightning strike cutoff regionD. The method considers the influence of terrain factors, can embody the physical process of lightning receiving of each wind driven generator in the wind power plant under different terrain structures, and has more accurate result.

Description

Lightning risk assessment method and system for wind driven generator in wind power plant
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind turbine generators, in particular to a lightning risk assessment method and a lightning risk assessment system for wind turbine generators in a wind power plant.
Background
Wind power is taken as a clean renewable energy source and is increasingly emphasized by countries in the world, and the new energy strategy of China sets the key point for rapidly developing wind power generation. However, as the installed capacity of the wind turbine generator increases year by year and the height of the wind turbine body continuously increases, the risk of lightning striking the wind turbine generator increases, and the downtime and economic loss caused by lightning stroke faults become key problems restricting the development of wind power. Therefore, in order to reduce the harm of lightning disasters and promote the economic stable operation of the wind power plant, a wind power plant space arrangement method which gives consideration to the power generation benefits of the fans and lightning protection optimization is found, and the method has very important practical significance in analyzing the influence of environmental factors on the lightning protection arrangement of the wind power plant aiming at the environment where the fans are easy to be struck by lightning. The existing determination of the distance between the fans of the wind power plant also belongs to an empirical conclusion, the arrangement mode is basically regular row-column arrangement, and the starting point of arrangement planning is mainly the economic benefit of the power generation of the wind power plant, and corresponding research has been carried out at home and abroad.
However, after investigation and research of the existing research, the current arrangement of the wind power plant is not analyzed from the lightning protection angle, and the influence of environmental factors on the lightning protection of the wind power plant is not analyzed. In recent years, home and abroad scholars mainly focus on the physical process of lightning strike lightning. In this respect, a great deal of research work is carried out on the s.madsen team of danish technology university and the m.becorra team in sweden based on a traditional Electrical Geometry Model (EGM) and a Lead Development Model (LDM), a self-consistent lead development model (SLIM) is proposed, the problem that the electrical geometry model cannot consider a lead-in is not solved, and the defect that the electrical combination model and a cut-off volume model established based on the lead method cannot reflect the influence of the geometry of a target on a lightning strike lightning receiving process is overcome. Because the physical significance is clear, the SLIM is generally accepted by academia and industry, and is successfully applied to the verification of the lightning protection design of the ultra-high voltage transmission engineering line in China. Becerra and LongMennie and the like of Swedish Imperial institute of technology calculate the distribution condition of blade lightning stroke attachment points of a Vestas V90 unit under the direct downlink pilot action based on SLIM so as to guide the design of a blade lightning stroke protection system; the SLIM method is combined with the EGM by Li celebration people and the like at the university of North China electric power, the concept of dynamic attack distance is put forward, and the interception efficiency of a blade lightning protection system to a downlink pilot is calculated and analyzed. The research changes the situation that the distribution of the downlink lightning strike attachment points of the fan blade can only be indirectly obtained according to the distribution characteristics of the electric field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a lightning risk assessment method and a lightning risk assessment system for wind driven generators in a wind power plant.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides a lightning risk assessment method for a wind driven generator in a wind power plant, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, setting of calculation parameters: selecting one wind driven generator from a wind power plant wind generating set to be evaluated, marking the wind driven generator as a fan D, and selecting F multiplied by M points in the horizontal direction by taking the center of the fan D as a starting point; taking the center of the fan as a pole, recording the polar coordinates of the F multiplied by M points, and forming a polar coordinate set of the position of a downlink pilot, and recording the polar coordinate set as a set A;
step S2, acquiring topographic data of the position of the fan D; taking any one point in the set A obtained in the step S1 as a point X, and recording the vertical distance from the descending pilot head at the position of the point X to the ground as the height H1 of the descending pilot head to the ground; and taking the amplitude of the lightning current as IPyAnd obtaining the topographic data and lightning current amplitude I of the fan D through calculationPyTwo potential profiles at time point X position: a potential distribution curve 1 of a connecting line between a lightning stroke target point and a descending pilot head in a streamer generation state and a potential distribution curve 2 of a connecting line between the lightning stroke target point and the descending pilot head in a streamer non-generation state; the lightning stroke target point is the position of the blade tip of the blade of the wind driven generator;
step S3, recording the straight line distance from the descending pilot head at the point X to the lightning stroke target point as the distance H2 from the descending pilot head to the target point, and entering step S4 if H2 is less than H1; if H2 is not less than H1, the downlink pilot at the position of the point X cannot hit the fan D, and the step S5 is executed;
step S4, determining whether the lightning strike target point has a stable head-on lead based on the potential distribution curve 1 and the potential distribution curve 2 obtained in step S2: if the stable head-on pilot exists, determining that the downlink pilot at the position of the point X hits the fan D, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2;
step S5, the lightning current amplitude I of the descending leader at the position of each point in the set A is judged point by point according to the method from the step S2 to the step S4PyWhether the fan D can be hit is determined, and the height of a downlink pilot at the point when the fan is hit is recorded; after all the points in the set A are judged, the outermost points in all the points of the fan D hit by the descending leader in the set A are connected to form a closed boundary, the area surrounded by the boundary is marked as a lightning stroke intercepting area, and the area of the area is marked as SD' and taking the minimum value of the recorded descending leader height when hitting the wind driven generator as the lightning current amplitude I of the wind driven generatorPyHeight H of the lightning strike cut-off regionD。
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
step S6, selecting the fan E closest to the fan D, and obtaining the lightning current amplitude I according to the method from the step S1 to the step S5PyLightning stroke interception area S of time-wind power generator EE', and the height H of the lightning strike cutoff regionEIf the lightning strike intercepting areas of the wind turbine generator D and the wind turbine generator E overlap each other in the vertical direction, the process proceeds to step S7, and the overlapping area is defined as a lightning strike shielding area and the area thereof is defined as SCIf not, the shielding effect does not exist between the force generator D and the wind power generator E, and the areas of the effective lightning stroke intercepting areas of the force generator D and the wind power generator E are the lightning stroke intercepting areas of the force generator D and the wind power generator E;
step S7, judge HDAnd HETo determine the effective lightning strike receiving area of the wind turbine D, E: if H isD>HEArea S of the effective lightning strike cutoff region of the wind turbine DD＝SD', area S of effective lightning strike intercepting region of wind power generator EE＝SE’-SC(ii) a If H isD＜HEEffective lightning of wind power generator DArea S of the impact cut-off regionD＝SD’-SCArea S of effective lightning strike cutoff region of wind turbine EE＝SE'; if H isD＝HEThe area S of the lightning stroke intercepting region where the wind driven generator D is effectiveD＝SD’-0.5SCArea S of effective lightning strike cutoff region of wind turbine EE＝SE’-0.5SC。
Further, in step S1, the F × M point selecting method includes: constructing equal-angle rays in the horizontal direction by taking the center of the fan D as a starting point, and setting the angles of two adjacent rays to be beta to obtain F rays; on each ray in the F rays, points are taken from the starting point to the outside according to the equivalent distance j, M points are obtained by one ray, and F multiplied by M points are obtained by the F rays; taking the center of the fan as a pole, recording the polar coordinates of F multiplied by M points, and forming a polar coordinate set of the position of a downlink pilot, which is marked as a set A:
A＝{(ra，θb)|ra＝a×j，θb＝b×β，a＝1，2，3...M；b＝1，2，3...F} (1)
in the formula (1), rmIs the polar diameter of any one point in the set A, thetabIs the polar angle of any point in the set A, and a is the polar diameter rmB is a polar angle thetabThe serial number of (2).
Further, in step S2, the potential distribution curves 1 and 2 are obtained by:
calculating to obtain the topographic data and lightning current amplitude I of the fan D by adopting a finite element methodPyThe following two sets of data at time point X: potential distribution U of connecting line between lightning stroke target point and descending pilot head in streamer generation state1(l) And potential distribution U of a connecting line between a lightning stroke target point and a descending pilot head in a non-streamer generation state2(l) Wherein l is the distance from any point on a connecting line between the descending pilot head and the lightning stroke target point to the descending pilot head; and two potential distribution curves are used for expressing the potential distribution U1(l) And potential distribution U2(l) Wherein there is a streamer generating stateThe potential distribution curve at the lower part is marked as potential distribution curve 1, and the potential distribution curve at the state without the generation of the fluid flow is marked as potential distribution curve 2.
Further, in the step S2, the height H1 is in a range of 0 to 1000 m.
Further, in step S2, when a streamer is generated at the lightning strike target point, the field strength in the space where the streamer is generated is E ═ 450 KV/m.
Further, in step S2, the terrain data includes a height of a terrain where the wind turbine is located, an inclination angle of a ground where the wind turbine is located, and a location of the wind turbine; wherein:
the variation range of the terrain height where the wind driven generator is located is 0-100 m;
the variation range of the inclination angle of the ground where the wind driven generator is located is 0-45 degrees; the inclination angle of the ground where the wind driven generator is located is an inclination angle formed by the ground where the wind driven generator is located and a horizontal plane;
the position of the wind driven generator comprises two conditions that a fan is positioned on the top of a mountain and on a mountain slope; the method for acquiring the height of the terrain where the wind driven generator is located comprises the following steps: and drawing a circle by taking the wind driven generator as a circle center and R as a radius to obtain the altitude difference between the lowest position in the circular area and the wind driven generator, wherein the altitude difference is the height of the terrain where the wind driven generator is positioned.
Further, in step S4, the method for determining whether the lightning strike target point has a stable head-on pilot includes:
step S41: firstly, judging whether a streamer is generated at a lightning stroke target point, if so, entering a step S42, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2; wherein, the basis for judging the occurrence of the streamer at the lightning stroke target point is that the potential distribution curve 1 and the potential distribution curve 2 have an intersection point in the step S2;
step S42, judging whether the flow generated in the step S41 is converted to the pilot, if the flow is converted to the pilot, entering the step S43, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2; wherein, the requirement of the conversion from the fluid flow to the pilot flow is as follows: when the space charge quantity delta Q generated in the fluid is judged to be larger than or equal to 1 mu C, the fluid is considered to be converted to the pilot fluid;
step S43, judging whether the pilot is developed into a stable head-on pilot in the step S42, if the pilot is developed into the stable head-on pilot, judging that the down pilot at the position of the point X hits the fan D, entering the step S5, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2;
the requirements for the development of the leader into a stable head-on leader are as follows: length L of head-on leader obtained by n iterations(n)And if the height is more than 2 meters, judging that the leader is developed into a stable head-on leader, wherein the iteration number n is the number of times of reducing the height H1.
Further, the calculation formula of the amount Δ Q of space charge generated in the flow in step S42 is:
Figure BDA0002773245530000061
in the formula (2), KQFor geometric factors, take KQ＝3.5×10-11，lsThe length of the initial streamer is the size of the abscissa of the intersection of the potential distribution curve 1 and the potential distribution curve 2 in step S2.
Further, the length L of the head-on pilot obtained through n iterations in step S43 is(n)The method comprises the following steps:
step S43.1, calculating the space charge quantity Q generated by the streamer after the nth iteration by using the formula (3)nAnd making a judgment if QnIf the height is more than 0, the step S43.2 is carried out, otherwise, the height H1 is reduced and the step S43.1 is repeated;
Figure 100002_1
in the formula (3), L(n-1)The length of the head-on leader obtained by the (n-1) th iterative calculation and the initial length L of the head-on leader(0)＝0.02m，
Figure BDA0002773245530000063
Is the initial streamer length, U, at the nth iteration1n(l) Is the nth timeThe potential distribution, U, of a connecting line between the lightning stroke target point and the descending pilot head is obtained through iterative calculation1(n-1)(l) Calculating the potential distribution of a connecting line between the lightning stroke target point and the descending pilot head for the (n-1) th iteration;
step S43.2, calculating the length L of the head-on leader obtained by n iterations through the formula (4)(n)；
L(n)＝L(n-1)+Qn/qL (4)
In the formula (4), qLTaking q as the space charge quantity needed by the unit length of the head-on pilot propulsionL＝65C/m。
In another aspect, a lightning risk assessment system for a wind turbine in a wind farm is provided, including:
one or more processors;
a storage device for storing one or more programs,
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method for assessing risk of lightning strikes for wind turbines in a wind farm.
After adopting such design, the invention has at least the following advantages:
(1) the method judges whether the downlink pilot at each coordinate position can hit a certain wind power generator point by point, and then calculates the lightning stroke intercepting area of the wind power generator.
(2) The method is based on a self-consistent type pilot development model, combines a lightning risk evaluation method of a single fan, simultaneously considers the lightning shielding effect among multiple fans, is used for evaluating the lightning risk of each wind driven generator in the wind power plant under different terrain factors, finds the fan with the highest lightning risk in the wind power plant, finds out the weak point suffered from lightning and provides the most economic lightning protection measure scheme of the wind driven generator set.
Drawings
The foregoing is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a lightning risk assessment method of a wind turbine in a wind farm according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a potential distribution between a lightning stroke target point and a descending pilot head when a streamer occurs and a streamer does not occur in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plane view of an isometric F-ray distribution and a wind turbine lightning strike cutoff area in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a lightning stroke intercepting region of the wind driven generator under complex terrain;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lightning strike shielded area between two wind turbine generators, taking into account terrain considerations;
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides an embodiment of a lightning risk assessment method for a wind driven generator in a wind power plant, which comprises the following steps as shown in figures 1 to 5:
step S1, setting of calculation parameters: selecting one wind driven generator from a wind power plant wind generating set to be evaluated, marking the wind driven generator as a fan D, and selecting F multiplied by M points in the horizontal direction by taking the center of the fan D as a starting point; taking the center of the fan as a pole, recording the polar coordinates of the F multiplied by M points, and forming a polar coordinate set of the position of a downlink pilot, and recording the polar coordinate set as a set A;
step S2, acquiring topographic data of the position of the fan D; any one of the sets A obtained in step S1The point is marked as a point X, and the vertical distance from the descending pilot head at the position of the point X to the ground is marked as the height H1 of the descending pilot head to the ground; and taking the amplitude of the lightning current as IPyAnd obtaining the topographic data and lightning current amplitude I of the fan D through calculationPyTwo potential profiles at time point X position: a potential distribution curve 1 of a connecting line between a lightning stroke target point and a descending pilot head in a streamer generation state and a potential distribution curve 2 of a connecting line between the lightning stroke target point and the descending pilot head in a streamer non-generation state; the lightning stroke target point is the position of the blade tip of the blade of the wind driven generator;
step S3, recording the straight line distance from the descending pilot head at the point X to the lightning stroke target point as the distance H2 from the descending pilot head to the target point, and entering step S4 if H2 is less than H1; if H2 is not less than H1, the downlink pilot at the position of the point X cannot hit the fan D, and the step S5 is executed;
step S4, determining whether the lightning strike target point has a stable head-on lead based on the potential distribution curve 1 and the potential distribution curve 2 obtained in step S2: if the stable head-on pilot exists, determining that the downlink pilot at the position of the point X hits the fan D, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2;
step S5, the lightning current amplitude I of the descending leader at the position of each point in the set A is judged point by point according to the method from the step S2 to the step S4PyWhether the fan D can be hit is determined, and the height of a downlink pilot at the point when the fan is hit is recorded; after all the points in the set A are judged, the outermost points in all the points of the fan D hit by the descending leader in the set A are connected to form a closed boundary, the area surrounded by the boundary is marked as a lightning stroke intercepting area, and the area of the area is marked as SD' and taking the minimum value of the recorded descending leader height when hitting the wind driven generator as the lightning current amplitude I of the wind driven generatorPyHeight H of the lightning strike cut-off regionD。
The method judges whether the downlink pilot at each coordinate position can hit a certain wind power generator point by point, and then calculates the lightning stroke intercepting area of the wind power generator.
Further, in order to make the evaluation more accurate, the method also comprises the following steps:
step S6, selecting the fan E closest to the fan D, and obtaining the lightning current amplitude I according to the method from the step S1 to the step S5PyLightning stroke interception area S of time-wind power generator EE', and the height H of the lightning strike cutoff regionEIf the lightning strike intercepting areas of the wind turbine generator D and the wind turbine generator E overlap each other in the vertical direction, the process proceeds to step S7, and the overlapping area is defined as a lightning strike shielding area and the area thereof is defined as SCIf not, the shielding effect does not exist between the force generator D and the wind power generator E, and the areas of the effective lightning stroke intercepting areas of the force generator D and the wind power generator E are the lightning stroke intercepting areas of the force generator D and the wind power generator E;
step S7, judge HDAnd HETo determine the effective lightning strike receiving area of the wind turbine D, E: if H isD>HEArea S of the effective lightning strike cutoff region of the wind turbine DD＝SD', area S of effective lightning strike intercepting region of wind power generator EE＝SE’-SC(ii) a If H isD＜HEArea S of the effective lightning strike cutoff region of the wind turbine DD＝SD’-SCArea S of effective lightning strike cutoff region of wind turbine EE＝SE'; if H isD＝HEThe area S of the lightning stroke intercepting region where the wind driven generator D is effectiveD＝SD’-0.5SCArea S of effective lightning strike cutoff region of wind turbine EE＝SE’-0.5SC。
Further, in step S1, the F × M point selecting method includes: constructing equal-angle rays in the horizontal direction by taking the center of the fan D as a starting point, and setting the angles of two adjacent rays to be beta to obtain F rays; on each ray in the F rays, points are taken from the starting point to the outside according to the equivalent distance j, M points are obtained by one ray, and F multiplied by M points are obtained by the F rays; taking the center of the fan as a pole, recording the polar coordinates of F multiplied by M points, and forming a polar coordinate set of the position of a downlink pilot, which is marked as a set A:
A＝{(ra，θb)|ra＝a×j，θb＝b×β，a＝1，2，3...M；b＝1，2，3...F} (1)
in the formula (1), rmIs the polar diameter of any one point in the set A, thetabIs the polar angle of any point in the set A, and a is the polar diameter rmB is a polar angle thetabThe serial number of (2). The distribution of the F equiangular rays can be seen in fig. 3.
Correspondingly, in step S5, after all the points in the set a are determined, the outermost points of all the points of the fan D hit by the up-down leader of the F rays are connected to form a closed boundary, the area enclosed by the boundary is denoted as a lightning stroke intercepting area, and the area is denoted as SD' and taking the minimum value of the recorded descending leader height when hitting the wind driven generator as the lightning current amplitude I of the wind driven generatorPyHeight H of the lightning strike cut-off regionD. FIG. 3 is a schematic plane view of a lightning strike intercepting area S of the wind driven generator, and FIG. 5 is a schematic plane view of a lightning strike intercepting area and a shielding area of the wind driven generator.
Further, in step S2, the terrain data includes a height of a terrain where the wind turbine is located, an inclination angle of a ground where the wind turbine is located, and a location of the wind turbine; wherein:
the variation range of the terrain height where the wind driven generator is located is 0-100 m;
the variation range of the inclination angle of the ground where the wind driven generator is located is 0-45 degrees; the inclination angle of the ground where the wind driven generator is located is the inclination angle formed by the ground where the wind driven generator is located and a horizontal plane;
the position of the wind driven generator comprises two conditions of a fan positioned on the top of a mountain and a hillside; the method for acquiring the height of the terrain where the wind driven generator is located comprises the following steps: the wind driven generator is used as a circle center, R is used as a radius to draw a circle, the altitude difference between the lowest position in the circular area and the wind driven generator is obtained, and the altitude difference is the height of the terrain where the wind driven generator is located.
Further, in step S2, the potential distribution curves 1 and 2 are obtained by:
calculating to obtain topographic data and lightning current amplitude I of the fan D by adopting a finite element methodPyThe following two sets of data at time point X: potential distribution U of connecting line between lightning stroke target point and descending pilot head in streamer generation state1(l) And potential distribution U of a connecting line between a lightning stroke target point and a descending pilot head in a non-streamer generation state2(l) Wherein l is the distance from any point on a connecting line between the descending pilot head and the lightning stroke target point to the descending pilot head; and two potential distribution curves are used for expressing the potential distribution U1(l) And potential distribution U2(l) Here, the potential distribution curve in the state where a streamer is generated is denoted as potential distribution curve 1, and the potential distribution curve in the state where no streamer is generated is denoted as potential distribution curve 2.
In the above-mentioned embodiment, IPyThe value range of (A) is 0-300 KA.
Further, in step S2, the height H1 has a value ranging from 0 to 1000 m.
Further, in step S2, when a streamer is generated at the lightning strike target point, the field strength in the space where the streamer is generated is set to E450 KV/m.
Further, in step S4, the method for determining whether the lightning strike target point has a stable head-on pilot includes:
step S41: firstly, judging whether a streamer is generated at a lightning stroke target point, if so, entering a step S42, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2; wherein, the basis for judging the occurrence of the streamer at the lightning stroke target point is that the potential distribution curve 1 and the potential distribution curve 2 have an intersection point in the step S2;
step S42, judging whether the flow generated in the step S41 is converted to the pilot, if the flow is converted to the pilot, entering the step S43, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2; wherein, the requirement of the conversion from the fluid flow to the pilot flow is as follows: judging that the space charge quantity delta Q generated in the streamer reaches 1 mu C, namely if the delta Q is more than or equal to 1 mu C, considering that the streamer is converted to a pilot;
step S43, judging whether the pilot is developed into a stable head-on pilot in the step S42, if the pilot is developed into the stable head-on pilot, judging that the down pilot at the position of the point X hits the fan D, entering the step S5, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2;
the requirements for the development of the leader into a stable head-on leader are as follows: length L of head-on leader obtained by n iterations(n)And if the height is more than 2 meters, judging that the leader is developed into a stable head-on leader, wherein the iteration number n is the number of times of reducing the height H1.
Further, the calculation formula of the amount of space charge Δ Q generated in the flow in step S42 is:
Figure BDA0002773245530000121
in the formula (2), KQFor geometric factors, take KQ＝3.5×10-11，lsThe length is the initial length of the streamer and is the size of the abscissa of the intersection of the potential distribution curve 1 and the potential distribution curve 2 in step S2.
Further, the length L of the head-on pilot obtained through n iterations in step S43(n)The method comprises the following steps:
step S43.1, calculating the space charge quantity Q generated by the streamer after the nth iteration by using the formula (3)nAnd making a judgment if QnIf the height is more than 0, the step S43.2 is carried out, otherwise, the height H1 is reduced and the step S43.1 is repeated;
Figure 2
in the formula (3), L(n-1)The length of the head-on leader obtained by the (n-1) th iterative calculation and the initial length L of the head-on leader(0)＝0.02m，
Figure BDA0002773245530000123
Is the initial streamer length, U, at the nth iteration1n(l) For the number n of lightning strikes obtained by iterative calculationPotential distribution of the connecting line between the punctuation and the descending pilot head, U1(n-1)(l) Calculating the potential distribution of a connecting line between the lightning stroke target point and the descending pilot head for the (n-1) th iteration;
step S43.2, calculating the length L of the head-on leader obtained by n iterations through the formula (4)(n)；
L(n)＝L(n-1)+Qn/qL (4)
In the formula (4), qLTaking q as the space charge quantity needed by the unit length of the head-on pilot propulsionL＝65C/m。
In another aspect, a lightning risk assessment system for a wind turbine in a wind farm is provided, including:
one or more processors;
a storage device for storing one or more programs,
when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the above-described method for assessing risk of lightning strike by wind generators in a wind farm.
The method adopts a finite element method to judge whether the downlink pilot at each coordinate position can hit a certain wind power generator point by point, then calculates the lightning stroke interception area of the wind power generator, considers the shielding effect between the wind power generators, and compares the lightning stroke interception areas of two adjacent wind power generators to obtain the effective lightning stroke interception area of the wind power generator. According to the method, when the potential distribution between the lightning stroke target point and the descending pilot head is calculated, the influence of terrain factors is considered, the physical process that each wind driven generator in the wind power plant carries out lightning receiving under different terrain structures can be embodied, and the result is more accurate. Meanwhile, the shielding effect among the wind driven generators is considered, and a theoretical analysis method is provided for analyzing the lightning stroke risk of the wind driven generators in the complex environment.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above description of the present invention can be applied to various modifications, equivalent variations or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A lightning risk assessment method for a wind driven generator in a wind power plant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, setting of calculation parameters: selecting a wind driven generator in a wind power plant to be evaluated as a fan D, and selecting F multiplied by M points in the horizontal direction by taking the center of the fan D as a starting point; taking the center of the fan as a pole, recording the polar coordinates of the F multiplied by M points, and forming a polar coordinate set of the position of a downlink pilot, and recording the polar coordinate set as a set A;
step S2, acquiring topographic data of the position of the fan D; taking any one point in the set A obtained in the step S1 as a point X, and recording the vertical distance from the descending pilot head at the position of the point X to the ground as the height H1 of the descending pilot head to the ground; and taking the amplitude of the lightning current as IPyAnd obtaining the topographic data and lightning current amplitude I of the fan D through calculationPyTwo potential profiles at time point X position: a potential distribution curve 1 of a connecting line between a lightning stroke target point and a descending pilot head in a streamer generation state and a potential distribution curve 2 of a connecting line between the lightning stroke target point and the descending pilot head in a streamer non-generation state; the lightning stroke target point is the position of the blade tip of the blade of the wind driven generator;
step S3, recording the straight line distance from the descending pilot head at the point X to the lightning stroke target point as the distance H2 from the descending pilot head to the target point, and entering step S4 if H2 is less than H1; if H2 is not less than H1, the downlink pilot at the position of the point X cannot hit the fan D, and the step S5 is executed;
step S4, determining whether the lightning strike target point has a stable head-on lead based on the potential distribution curve 1 and the potential distribution curve 2 obtained in step S2: if the stable head-on pilot exists, determining that the downlink pilot at the position of the point X hits the fan D, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2;
step S5, the lightning current amplitude I of the descending leader at the position of each point in the set A is judged point by point according to the method from the step S2 to the step S4PyWhether the fan D can be hit in time or not and recording the hitThe height of a descending pilot at the time point of the middle fan; after all the points in the set A are judged, the outermost points in all the points of the fan D hit by the descending leader in the set A are connected to form a closed boundary, the area surrounded by the boundary is marked as a lightning stroke intercepting area, and the area of the area is marked as SD' and taking the minimum value of the recorded descending leader height when hitting the wind driven generator as the lightning current amplitude I of the wind driven generatorPyHeight H of the lightning strike cut-off regionD。
2. The method for assessing the risk of lightning strikes on wind turbines in a wind farm according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
step S6, selecting the fan E closest to the fan D, and obtaining the lightning current amplitude I according to the method from the step S1 to the step S5PyLightning stroke interception area S of time-wind power generator EE', and the height H of the lightning strike cutoff regionEIf the lightning strike intercepting areas of the wind turbine generator D and the wind turbine generator E overlap each other in the vertical direction, the process proceeds to step S7, and the overlapping area is defined as a lightning strike shielding area and the area thereof is defined as SCIf not, the shielding effect does not exist between the force generator D and the wind power generator E, and the areas of the effective lightning stroke intercepting areas of the force generator D and the wind power generator E are the lightning stroke intercepting areas of the force generator D and the wind power generator E;
step S7, judge HDAnd HETo determine the effective lightning strike receiving area of the wind turbine D, E: if H isD＞HEArea S of the effective lightning strike cutoff region of the wind turbine DD＝SD', area S of effective lightning strike intercepting region of wind power generator EE＝SE′-SC(ii) a If H isD＜HEArea S of the effective lightning strike cutoff region of the wind turbine DD＝SD′-SCArea S of effective lightning strike cutoff region of wind turbine EE＝SE'; if H isD＝HEThe area S of the lightning stroke intercepting region where the wind driven generator D is effectiveD＝SD′-0.5SCArea S of effective lightning strike cutoff region of wind turbine EE＝SE′-0.5SC。
3. The method for assessing the lightning strike risk of wind driven generators in a wind farm according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S1, the F × M point selection method comprises: constructing equal-angle rays in the horizontal direction by taking the center of the fan D as a starting point, and setting the angles of two adjacent rays to be beta to obtain F rays; on each ray in the F rays, points are taken from the starting point to the outside according to the equivalent distance j, M points are obtained by one ray, and F multiplied by M points are obtained by the F rays; taking the center of the fan as a pole, recording the polar coordinates of F multiplied by M points, and forming a polar coordinate set of the position of a downlink pilot, which is marked as a set A:
A＝{(ra，θb)|ra＝a×j，θb＝b×β，a＝1，2，3...M；b＝1，2，3...F} (1)
in the formula (1), rmIs the polar diameter of any one point in the set A, thetabIs the polar angle of any point in the set A, and a is the polar diameter rmB is a polar angle thetabThe serial number of (2).
4. The method for assessing the risk of lightning strikes on wind turbines in a wind farm according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S2, the potential distribution curves 1, 2 are obtained by:
calculating to obtain the topographic data and lightning current amplitude I of the fan D by adopting a finite element methodPyThe following two sets of data at time point X: potential distribution U of connecting line between lightning stroke target point and descending pilot head in streamer generation state1(l) And potential distribution U of a connecting line between a lightning stroke target point and a descending pilot head in a non-streamer generation state2(l) Wherein l is the distance from any point on a connecting line between the descending pilot head and the lightning stroke target point to the descending pilot head; and two potential distribution curves are used for expressing the potential distribution U1(l) And potential distribution U2(l) In which there is electricity in the state of stream generationThe potential distribution curve is marked as potential distribution curve 1, and the potential distribution curve in the state without the generation of the streamer is marked as potential distribution curve 2.
5. The method for assessing the risk of lightning strikes on wind turbines in a wind farm according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step S2, the height H1 has a value in the range of 0-1000 m;
and/or in step S2, the field strength in the space where the streamer occurs when the streamer is generated at the lightning strike target point is E-450 KV/m.
6. The method for assessing the risk of lightning strikes on wind turbines in a wind farm according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step S2, the terrain data comprises the height of the terrain on which the wind turbines are located, the inclination of the ground on which the wind turbines are located, and the positions of the wind turbines; wherein:
the variation range of the terrain height where the wind driven generator is located is 0-100 m;
the variation range of the inclination angle of the ground where the wind driven generator is located is 0-45 degrees; the inclination angle of the ground where the wind driven generator is located is an inclination angle formed by the ground where the wind driven generator is located and a horizontal plane;
the position of the wind driven generator comprises two conditions that a fan is positioned on the top of a mountain and on a mountain slope; the method for acquiring the height of the terrain where the wind driven generator is located comprises the following steps: and drawing a circle by taking the wind driven generator as a circle center and R as a radius to obtain the altitude difference between the lowest position in the circular area and the wind driven generator, wherein the altitude difference is the height of the terrain where the wind driven generator is positioned.
7. The method for assessing the lightning strike risk of a wind turbine generator in a wind farm according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step S4, the method for determining whether a stable head-on pilot exists at the lightning strike target point comprises the following steps:
step S41: firstly, judging whether a streamer is generated at a lightning stroke target point, if so, entering the step S42, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2; wherein, the basis for judging the occurrence of the streamer at the lightning stroke target point is that the potential distribution curve 1 and the potential distribution curve 2 have an intersection point in the step S2;
step S42, judging whether the flow generated in the step S41 is converted to the pilot, if the flow is converted to the pilot, entering the step S43, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2; wherein, the requirement of the conversion from the fluid flow to the pilot flow is as follows: when the space charge quantity delta Q generated in the fluid is judged to be larger than or equal to 1 mu C, the fluid is considered to be converted to the pilot fluid;
step S43, judging whether the pilot is developed into a stable head-on pilot in the step S42, if the pilot is developed into the stable head-on pilot, judging that the down pilot at the position of the point X hits the fan D, entering the step S5, otherwise, reducing the height H1, and returning to the step S2;
the requirements for the development of the leader into a stable head-on leader are as follows: length L of head-on leader obtained by n iterations(n)And if the height is more than 2 meters, judging that the leader is developed into a stable head-on leader, wherein the iteration number n is the number of times of reducing the height H1.
8. The method for assessing the risk of lightning strikes on wind turbines in a wind farm according to claim 7, wherein the amount Δ Q of space charge generated in the streamer in step S42 is calculated by the formula:
Figure FDA0002773245520000041
in the formula (2), KQFor geometric factors, take KQ＝3.5×10-11，lsThe length of the initial streamer is the size of the abscissa of the intersection of the potential distribution curve 1 and the potential distribution curve 2 in step S2.
9. Method for assessing the risk of lightning strikes on wind turbines in a wind farm according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the length L of the head-on leader obtained in step S43 through n iterations(n)The method comprises the following steps:
step S43.1, calculating the nth iteration using equation (3)Space charge quantity Q generated by the generated streamernAnd making a judgment if QnIf the height is more than 0, the step S43.2 is carried out, otherwise, the height H1 is reduced and the step S43.1 is repeated;
Figure 1
in the formula (3), L(n-1)The length of the head-on leader obtained by the (n-1) th iterative calculation and the initial length L of the head-on leader(0)＝0.02m，
Figure FDA0002773245520000052
Is the initial streamer length, U, at the nth iteration1n(l) For the potential distribution, U, of the connecting line between the lightning stroke target point and the descending pilot head obtained by the nth iterative calculation1(n-1)(l) Calculating the potential distribution of a connecting line between the lightning stroke target point and the descending pilot head for the (n-1) th iteration;
step S43.2, calculating the length L of the head-on leader obtained by n iterations through the formula (4)(n)；
L(n)＝L(n-1)+Qn/qL (4)
In the formula (4), qLTaking q as the space charge quantity needed by the unit length of the head-on pilot propulsionL＝65C/m。
10. A lightning risk assessment system for a wind driven generator in a wind farm, comprising:
one or more processors;
a storage device for storing one or more programs,
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method for assessing risk of lightning strikes for wind turbines in a wind farm according to any of claims 1 to 9.
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