CN112268905A - Image detection method for content of short fibers in textile fibers - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an image detection method for the content of short fibers in textile fibers, which comprises the following steps: step S1: preparing a double-end tuft sample from the sample, and scanning to obtain a light transmission image of the sample; step S2: obtaining a unilateral tuft curve by using a tuft light transmission and linear density conversion method; step S3: calculating the unilateral tuft curve to obtain the SFC of the short fiber content of the samplew(α) a detection value; step S4: and (4) repeating the step (S1) to the step (S3), manufacturing a plurality of double-end tuft samples for the same sample, respectively calculating to obtain each SFCw (alpha) detection value, and calculating a mean value to be used as a final detection value of the short fiber content of the sample. Theoretical system errors do not exist between a calculated value of the short fiber content obtained through calculation and a true value; the algorithm principle is clear, the calculated amount is small, and the method is convenient and quick; the scheme of the invention can directly adopt mature and commercial general equipment to detect the content of the short fiber, and greatly reduces equipment purchase compared with other special automatic instrumentsThe cost is low, and the using and maintaining cost is extremely low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of textiles, and particularly relates to an image detection method for the content of short fibers in textile fibers or a rapid low-cost detection method for the content of short fibers in textile fiber raw materials or spinning semi-finished products, which is suitable for detecting the content of short fibers in cotton, chemical fiber short fibers, wool fibers and other textile natural fibers. .
Background
Textile fibers are often of varying lengths, and the length of the same batch of fiber material is often characterized by a length distribution and several length indicators. The content of the fiber with the length less than a certain limit is called short fiber content, is an important quality index of textile fiber, and can directly influence the yarn tensile property, the surface hairiness amount, the fabric style and the like, so the method is an important basis for process design, equipment selection, product grading and trade pricing.
The manual detection method of the short fiber content comprises a hand lay-out test method (a Bayer pattern method), a roller type fiber length test method, a comb sheet type fiber length test method and the like. The manual detection method generally has the problems of complex sample preparation, low detection speed and low stability, has high requirements on the skill and proficiency of detection personnel, has large data difference among different detection personnel, and is difficult to meet the requirements of standardization and rapidness of the modern textile industry.
The conventional automatic inspection apparatuses include a camera method (represented by an HVI apparatus), a single fiber rapid test method (represented by an AFIS apparatus), a capacitance fiber length test method (represented by an Almeter100 apparatus), and a progressive scan image method (represented by an OFDA4000 apparatus). When HVI is used for length measurement, a certain amount of loose fibers are put into a cylindrical sampler with holes at the periphery, then a linear clamp is used for rotating along the outer wall of the sampler, hooking and clamping the fibers with the holes exposed, and the fibers are combed into measurable tufts by a brush and sent into a photoelectric detection area; the fiber segment near the clamping line is excluded from the detection area due to the winding, but the short fiber is mainly present at the position, so that HVI cannot directly measure the content of the short fiber, and the Short Fiber Index (SFI) which is a short fiber characterization parameter can be calculated according to other measured indexes such as fiber strength, maturity and the like and an empirical equation. The AFIS system calculates the length distribution index of a fiber sample by measuring the lengths of thousands of single fibers, and a built-in opening part of the AFIS system may cause fiber breakage when separating fibers, so that a measurement result has a deviation. Almeter100 first uses a special manipulator to make a tuft with one end flush, then the tuft passes through a capacitance sensor at a constant speed, the change information of the number of fibers in each cross section from the root to the tip of the tuft is calculated according to the capacitance deviation caused by the change of the fiber amount in each cross section of the tuft, and finally, a length distribution diagram is made, and each length index is calculated. OFDA4000 also needs to prepare a whisker bundle with one flush end, then based on a CCD microscopic imaging technology, the fiber number of the whisker bundle on each cross section of 5 mm is measured, analog interpolation processing is carried out at the interval of 1 mm, 5 whisker bundles are tested for each sample, and the fiber length distribution in the whisker bundle and the corresponding short fiber content equal length indexes are calculated according to the change of the fiber number of each cross section from the root to the tip of the whisker bundle.
The various automatic measuring systems have the advantages of high speed, high efficiency, labor saving and the like. However, each measurement system is bulky, the operation machinery and the electric appliance are complex, the manufacturing cost is high, a constant temperature and humidity chamber is required to be equipped, and the maintenance cost is high.
In 2012, Wangfume and Wuhongyan proposed a new method for measuring fiber length rapidly at low cost (patent number: ZL201210106711.8), which comprises the steps of firstly making a loose fiber sample to be measured into fiber strips with fibers stretched, parallel and randomly arranged, then making a special double-end tuft sample, further obtaining a transmission gray image of a tuft by using an optical imaging device, calculating a relationship curve (called a tuft curve for short) between the fiber amount and the position on any cross section of the tuft by using the image, and finally calculating four indexes such as weight weighted average length, main body length, quality length and length variation coefficient by using the tuft curve. The method can accurately measure a plurality of length distribution indexes in the spinning raw material or the fiber strand in a short time by utilizing imaging equipment with low cost and convenient carrying, and the length distribution indexes are derived from innovative double-end strand samples of the method to a great extent. During sample preparation, the clamp clamps are used for randomly clamping any cross section of the fiber strip, the clamping line is ensured to be vertical to the axial direction of the fiber strip, and floating fibers which are not clamped are combed, so that a double-end beard cluster with two conical ends is obtained. Compared with other sample forms, the double-end tuft sample is quick in sample preparation, fibers in the tuft are straightened in parallel, and no blind area which cannot be detected exists, so that all length information (including short fiber information which is easy to lose by other methods) can be reflected in an image, and the possibility of accurately measuring the content of short fibers is created.
In 2013, Wangfume, Jinjing and Chenfei propose a short fiber content calculation method (patent number: ZL201310325921.0) based on a double-end tuft sample, firstly, some geometric characteristic values possibly related to the short fiber content are selected from a tuft curve, and then the short fiber content is measured by other methods, so that a statistical regression equation or an empirical prediction equation is established on the basis of batch tests. The prediction accuracy of the method depends on the type and the quantity of samples in the previous batch test, other fibers except cotton and kapok are not involved, and the theoretical basis is weak, so that the illogical phenomenon that the prediction equation of the fiber content below 16 mm does not contain related variables of 16 mm but only related variables of 12.7 mm occurs. In 2016, Wangfumei, Xushigao and Jinjing proposed a method for calculating the content of short fibers based on a model for gradually separating clusters at both ends (patent No. ZL201610033913.2), in which short fibers having a specific length or less were gradually separated by gradually decomposing clusters, and the content was calculated. The method has large calculated amount, and according to the gradual separation model theory, the separated short fiber amount is only gradually close to the true value, and the true value can never be equal in theory; in addition, the tuft optical algorithm used has drawbacks, resulting in the calculated tuft curve having a "bald" shape, rather than a theoretical "sharp" shape, which all contribute to the risk of systematic deviation of the test results. Then, the Wangfumei, Chenlijun, Wumeiqin and Zhao forest propose a new method for obtaining a linear density coefficient curve and a standard tuft curve (patent number: ZL201611230426.1), which is beneficial to obtaining a double-side tuft curve closer to a theoretical shape and lays a foundation for accurate extraction of various length indexes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and the blank in the prior art, the invention provides an image detection method for the content of short fibers in textile fibers or a rapid low-cost detection method for the content of short fibers in textile fiber raw materials or spinning semi-finished products, which is suitable for detecting the content of short fibers in cotton, chemical fiber short fibers, wool fibers and other textile natural fibers.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
an image detection method for the content of short fibers in textile fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: preparing a double-end tuft sample from the sample, and scanning to obtain a light transmission image of the sample;
step S2: extracting a bilateral tuft curve F (L) from a light-transmitting image by using a tuft light-transmitting and linear density conversion method, folding the curve in half along an ordinate axis, and averaging ordinate values of two points symmetrical in abscissa value of the curve to obtain a unilateral tuft curve F (L) so as to reduce random errors caused by uneven fibers; the method for converting the tuft light transmission and the linear density is provided in the method for acquiring the linear density coefficient curve and the standard tuft curve of the Chinese patent ZL 201611230426.1.
Step S3: applying the formula (1) to the unilateral tuft curve F (L) to calculate and obtain the short fiber content SFC of the samplew(α) a detection value;
SFCw(α)＝m×[αF′(α)-F(α)+1]-n (1)
wherein alpha is the length limit of the short fiber, and alpha values of different fibers are different in different countries and regions; f (alpha) is a longitudinal coordinate value of the single-end tuft curve at an abscissa value of alpha, F' (alpha) is a slope of the single-end tuft curve at the abscissa value of alpha, m and n are constants determined by fiber types and fiber straightness, and m is 0-4, and n is 0-9;
step S4: and (4) repeating the step (S1) to the step (S3), manufacturing a plurality of double-end tuft samples for the same sample, respectively calculating to obtain each SFCw (alpha) detection value, and calculating a mean value to be used as a final detection value of the short fiber content of the sample.
Preferably, the sample is cotton or chemical staple fiber or wool-like fiber.
Preferably, in step S3, α is 8 mm to 30 mm.
The invention and the preferable scheme thereof have the following beneficial effects: (1) an integral scheme is constructed on the basis of a tuft light transmission and linear density conversion algorithm, so that a tuft curve extracted from an image is more ideal and closer to a theoretical tuft curve form, and the calculation result of the short fiber content algorithm is accurate and effective; (2) theoretical system errors do not exist between a calculated value of the short fiber content obtained through calculation and a true value; (3) the algorithm principle is clear, the calculated amount is small, and the method is convenient and quick; (4) the scheme of the invention can directly adopt mature and commercial general equipment to detect the content of the short fiber, greatly reduces the equipment purchase cost compared with other special automatic instruments, and has extremely low use and maintenance cost.
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The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a double-ended whisker sample (cotton fiber) according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a transmission scan image of a double-ended tuft in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the transformation of a double-sided tuft curve into a single-sided tuft curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the calculation principle of formula (1) according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail as follows:
the embodiment provides an image detection method for the content of short fibers in a textile fiber raw material and a spinning semi-finished product, which comprises the following steps:
first, preparing a double-end tuft sample: taking a certain amount of fibers from a laboratory sample (fiber raw materials or semi-finished slivers of spinning processing), preparing fiber strands which are straightened and uniformly distributed, vertically clamping any cross section of the fiber strands by using a special clamp, and combing out fibers which are not held at two sides of a clamping line to prepare double-end beard clusters, as shown in figure 1;
secondly, putting the double-end beard cluster into a transmission type scanner, and scanning to obtain an image of the double-end beard cluster, as shown in fig. 2; extracting a bilateral tuft curve F (L) by using a tuft optical and linear density conversion algorithm, wherein the curve is a relation curve of relative fiber quantity (number) and position on any cross section of the tuft, and L is the position of any cross section of the tuft relative to a clamping line (L ═ 0); then, the two-sided tuft curve is folded in half along the ordinate axis, and the ordinate values of the two points symmetrical in the abscissa value of the curve are averaged to obtain a single-sided tuft curve f (l) so as to reduce random errors caused by the unevenness of the fibers, as shown in fig. 3; in this embodiment, the transformation method of the tuft light transmittance and the linear density is the method provided in the "acquisition method of the linear density coefficient curve and the standard tuft curve of chinese patent ZL 201611230426.1".
Thirdly, calculating a detection value of the short fiber content SFCw (alpha) of the laboratory sample by using the formula (1), wherein alpha is the length limit of the short fiber and is generally 8-30 mm; f (alpha) is an ordinate value of the single-end tuft curve at an abscissa value of alpha, F' (alpha) is a slope of the single-end tuft curve at the abscissa value of alpha, m and n are constants determined by fiber type and fiber straightness, and m is 0-4 and n is 0-9.
SFCw(α)＝m×[αF′(α)-F(α)+1]-n (1)
And fourthly, repeating the three steps, manufacturing a plurality of double-end clusters for the same laboratory sample, respectively calculating an SFCw (alpha) detection value, and calculating the mean value of the detection values to obtain the final detection value of the short fiber content of the laboratory sample.
As shown in fig. 4, the technical principle of the present embodiment is as follows:
according to the published research literature, the tuft curve F (L) is related to the fiber length weight frequency density function p of the laboratory samplesw(l) The relationship of (1) is:
pw(l)＝lF″(l) (2)
where l is the fiber length. The calculation formula for the weight proportion SFCw (α) of short fibers in the laboratory sample, defined by the short fiber content, is:
where α is the staple length limit. By combining equations (2) and (3) and applying the fractional integration method, the following results are obtained:
theoretically, the content (weight ratio) of short fibers in laboratory samples can be calculated by applying the formula (4) to the tuft curve, but the premise is that the fibers in the tuft are completely straightened, in fact, natural textile fibers inevitably have certain twist or curl, and the straightening degrees of different types of fibers are different, so that the content of the short fibers calculated by the formula (4) is often different from the reference value measured by other methods at present. In order to correct the deviation, this embodiment establishes a mathematical model, performs a large-scale test on each fiber type, compares the calculation result of formula (4) with a reference value measured by other methods, and statistically determines the buckling correction coefficients m and n of various fibers to obtain the final calculation formula (1) of the short fiber content (weight ratio).
The following is further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
According to the national standard, the short fiber length limit of the fine cotton is alpha which is 16 mm. Taking the fiber buckling coefficient m of the fine cotton wool as 0.93 and n as 1.66, the formula (1) is converted into
SFCw(16)＝0.93×[16F′(16)-F(16)+1]-1.66 (5)
Three fine lint cotton samples with different short fiber contents were arbitrarily selected, respectively from usa, mexico and india, each sample was prepared as 4 bicuspid clump samples, each sample was subjected to the formula (5) to obtain a detection value, and the average of the detection values of the 4 samples was used as a final detection value to compare with the short fiber content measured by an AFIS apparatus, as shown in table 1, it is apparent that the present invention has high consistency with the reference method.
TABLE 1 comparison of the content of short staple of fine-staple cotton detected by the present invention with the detection value of the AFIS reference method
Example 2
In recent years, kapok fiber is used as a novel natural fiber raw material with bacteriostasis, mite repelling, light weight and heat preservation, and is increasingly applied to textiles. The average length of kapok fiber is short, so that alpha is 12.7 mm according to the international common cotton short fiber limit; in addition, the kapok has a good extension degree, and basically has no twist or curl, and if the fiber bending coefficient m is 1.46 and n is 6.37, the formula (1) is converted into
SFCw(12.7)＝1.46×[12.7F′(12.7)-F(12.7)+1]-6.37 (6)
The method comprises the following steps of (1) randomly selecting three kapok fiber samples with different short fiber contents from Hainan and Panzhihua in China, respectively, manufacturing 4 double-end tuft samples, obtaining a detection value by applying a formula (6) to each sample, taking the mean value of the detection values of the 4 samples as a final detection value, and carrying out tests according to GB/T16257-2008' the length and length distribution of the short fibers of the textile fiber: the short fiber content measured by the single fiber measurement method is compared, and as shown in Table 2, the short fiber content of the novel fiber such as kapok fiber is highly consistent with the standard method.
TABLE 2 comparison of the content of short staple of kapok according to the invention with the values measured by a reference method
Example 3
The length of wool fiber is longer and its crimp is more, the short fiber length limit in China is 30 mm, the invention uses the fiber bending coefficient m as 0.62, n as 2.29, then the formula (1) is converted into
SFCw(30)＝0.62×[30F′(30)-F(30)+1]-2.29 (7)
Three wool fiber laboratory samples with different short fiber contents are randomly selected, are respectively from inner Mongolia, Australia and New Zealand in China, 4 tuft samples are respectively prepared, after a tuft curve is extracted, a formula (7) is applied to obtain detection values, the mean value of the detection values of the 4 samples is used as a final detection value to be compared with the short fiber content (weight ratio) measured by an Almeter instrument, and as shown in Table 3, the accuracy of the method in the aspect of measuring the wool short fiber content is shown.
TABLE 3 comparison of the content of short wool fibres measured according to the invention with the values measured by a reference method
| Sample (I) | Percentage of short fiber measured according to the invention% | Percentage of short fiber measured by Almeter% | Rate of difference% |
| Inner Mongolia wool | 4.5 | 4.1 | 8.89％ |
| Australian wool | 2.8 | 3.0 | -7.14％ |
| New Zealand wool | 4.0 | 3.7 | 7.50％ |
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any other various methods for detecting the content of short fibers can be obtained from the teaching of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An image detection method for the content of short fibers in textile fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: preparing a double-end tuft sample from the sample, and scanning to obtain a light transmission image of the sample;
step S2: extracting a bilateral tuft curve F (L) from a light-transmitting image by using a tuft light-transmitting and linear density conversion method, folding the curve in half along an ordinate axis, and averaging ordinate values of two points symmetrical in abscissa value of the curve to obtain a unilateral tuft curve F (L);
step S3: applying the formula (1) to the unilateral tuft curve F (L) to calculate and obtain the short fiber content SFC of the samplew(α) a detection value;
SFCw(α)＝m×[αF′(α)-F(α)+1]-n (1)
wherein α is the length limit of the staple fiber; f (alpha) is a longitudinal coordinate value of the single-end tuft curve at an abscissa value of alpha, F' (alpha) is a slope of the single-end tuft curve at the abscissa value of alpha, m and n are constants determined by fiber types and fiber straightness, and m is 0-4, and n is 0-9;
step S4: and (4) repeating the step (S1) to the step (S3), manufacturing a plurality of double-end tuft samples for the same sample, respectively calculating to obtain each SFCw (alpha) detection value, and calculating a mean value to be used as a final detection value of the short fiber content of the sample.
2. The image detection method of short fiber content in textile fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sample is cotton or chemical fiber short fiber or wool fiber.
3. The image detection method of short fiber content in textile fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, α is set to 8 mm to 30 mm.
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