CN112268412B - Longan pretreatment liquid and method for rapidly drying longan - Google Patents
Longan pretreatment liquid and method for rapidly drying longan Download PDFInfo
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- CN112268412B CN112268412B CN202011154039.0A CN202011154039A CN112268412B CN 112268412 B CN112268412 B CN 112268412B CN 202011154039 A CN202011154039 A CN 202011154039A CN 112268412 B CN112268412 B CN 112268412B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
- F26B25/003—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for articles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/10—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in the open air; in pans or tables in rooms; Drying stacks of loose material on floors which may be covered, e.g. by a roof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a longan pretreatment liquid, which comprises, by weight, 0.01-0.2% of organic acid, 0.001-0.1% of inorganic salt, 0.01-0.5% of organic solvent, 0.01-0.1% of thickener and the balance of water. The longan is treated by the pretreatment liquid with a specific formula, so that the structure of the longan shell is changed, the permeability of the longan shell is increased, the diffusion speed of the longan moisture is improved, the longan drying time is shortened, and the method is rapidly carried out at a lower temperature, so that a large amount of energy sources are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural product processing, in particular to longan pretreatment liquid and a method for quickly drying longan.
Background
Longan (Dimocarpuslanganlour) is a typical subtropical fruit, has rich nutrition, and has the effects of inhibiting bacteria, resisting cancer, resisting oxidation, resisting aging, relieving insomnia, enhancing immunity, improving memory and the like. Since ancient times, longan was a good tonic, and li time precious is recorded in "materia medica schema: the food takes litchi as a precious material and longan as a good material. Longan is popular with people due to its rich nutrition and good flavor characteristics, and the market demand of longan has increased year by year in recent years.
The dried longan product is the first big processed longan product, including longan pulp, dried longan and the like, and the annual output is about 2.4-2.5 ten thousand t, which accounts for the vast majority of the longan processed products. The existing process for drying dried longan basically uses electric heating for drying, and generally requires more than 24 hours; or drying at a higher temperature, for example, chinese patent CN106387742A discloses a method for rapid dehydration and drying of longan, wherein boiling water with a temperature of 90-100 ℃ and drying temperature up to 100 ℃ are adopted to treat the longan. Therefore, the cost of drying dried longan is mainly in terms of energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, a first aspect of the present application provides a longan pretreatment liquid, which comprises, by weight, 0.01-0.2% of organic acid, 0.001-0.1% of inorganic salt, 0.01-0.5% of organic solvent, 0.01-0.1% of thickener, and the balance of water.
As a preferable technical scheme, the pretreatment liquid comprises, by weight, 0.05-0.1% of organic acid, 0.01-0.03% of inorganic salt, 0.1-0.2% of organic solvent, 0.02-0.05% of thickener and the balance of water.
As a preferable technical scheme, the organic acid is selected from one or more of glacial acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid.
As a preferred technical scheme, the inorganic salt is selected from one or more of chloride, sulfate, carbonate and sulfite.
As a preferable technical scheme, the chloride salt is selected from one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride.
As a preferred technical scheme, the carbonate is selected from one or more of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate.
As a preferred technical scheme, the sulfite is selected from one or more of sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite and calcium sulfite.
As a preferred technical scheme, the organic solvent is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, acetone and diethyl ether.
As a preferred technical scheme, the thickener is selected from one or more of xanthan gum, gum arabic, starch octenyl succinate, starch and gelatin.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for rapidly drying longan, comprising the steps of:
a. cutting fresh longan into complete single fruits, cleaning and airing the surface water;
b. c, soaking the longan obtained in the step a in the pretreatment liquid at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 5-10 min, and fishing out and airing the surface moisture;
c. and c, drying the longan obtained in the step b at 60-80 ℃ for 4-6 hours, and drying the longan at 40-60 ℃ for 10-15 hours, wherein the water content is reduced to be less than or equal to 25 percent.
The beneficial effects are that: the application provides a longan pretreatment liquid and a method for quickly drying longan, wherein after the longan is treated by the pretreatment liquid with a specific formula, the structure of the longan shell is changed, the permeability of the longan shell is increased, the diffusion speed of the longan moisture is improved, the longan drying time is shortened, and the method is quickly carried out at a lower temperature, so that a large amount of energy sources are saved.
Drawings
In order to further explain the beneficial effects of the longan pretreatment liquid and the method for quickly drying longan provided in the present application, corresponding drawings are provided, and it should be noted that the drawings provided in the present application are only selected as individual examples in all the drawings, and are not intended to limit the claims, and all other corresponding patterns obtained through the drawings provided in the present application should be considered as being within the scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a scanning image of dried longan shells obtained in example 1 of the present application by electron microscopy.
Fig. 2 is a scanning image of dried longan shells obtained in comparative example 1 of the present application by electron microscopy.
Fig. 3 is an electron microscope scan of a fresh longan shell.
Fig. 4 is a scanning image of dried longan shells obtained in comparative example 2 of the present application by electron microscopy.
Fig. 5 is a scanning image of dried longan shells obtained in comparative example 3 of the present application by electron microscopy.
Fig. 6 is a scanning image of dried longan shells obtained in comparative example 4 of the present application by electron microscopy.
Detailed Description
The contents of the present application can be more easily understood by referring to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present application and examples included. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, definitions, will control.
The term "prepared from …" as used herein is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, step, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of …" excludes any unspecified element, step or component. If used in a claim, such phrase will cause the claim to be closed, such that it does not include materials other than those described, except for conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of …" appears in a clause of the claim body, rather than immediately following the subject, it is limited to only the elements described in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the stated claims as a whole.
When an equivalent, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or a range bounded by a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when ranges of "1 to 5" are disclosed, the described ranges should be construed to include ranges of "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", and the like. When a numerical range is described herein, unless otherwise indicated, the range is intended to include its endpoints and all integers and fractions within the range.
The singular forms include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. "optional" or "any" means that the subsequently described event or event may or may not occur, and that the description includes both cases where the event occurs and cases where the event does not.
Approximating language, in the specification and claims, may be applied to modify an amount that would not limit the application to the specific amount, but would include an acceptable portion that would be close to the amount without resulting in a change in the basic function involved. Accordingly, the modification of a numerical value with "about", "about" or the like means that the present application is not limited to the precise numerical value. In some examples, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. In the description and claims of the application, the range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged, if not otherwise specified, including all the sub-ranges subsumed therein.
Furthermore, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" preceding an element or component of the application are not limited to the requirements of the number of elements or components (i.e. the number of occurrences). Thus, the use of "a" or "an" should be interpreted as including one or at least one, and the singular reference of an element or component also includes the plural reference unless the amount is obvious to the singular reference.
The present application is illustrated by the following embodiments, but is not limited to the embodiments given below.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the first aspect of the application provides a longan pretreatment liquid, which comprises, by weight, 0.01-0.2% of organic acid, 0.001-0.1% of inorganic salt, 0.01-0.5% of organic solvent, 0.01-0.1% of thickener and the balance of water.
In some preferred embodiments, the longan pretreatment liquid comprises, by weight, 0.05-0.1% of organic acid, 0.01-0.03% of inorganic salt, 0.1-0.2% of organic solvent, 0.02-0.05% of thickener, and the balance of water.
From the viewpoint of improving the processing efficiency of longan, in some preferred embodiments, the organic acid is selected from one or more of glacial acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, and citric acid; further preferably, the organic acid is selected from one or more of glacial acetic acid, malic acid and citric acid; still further, the organic acid is glacial acetic acid and/or citric acid.
From the standpoint of balancing the treatment rate and the treatment quality, in some preferred embodiments, the inorganic salt is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of one or more of chloride, sulfate, carbonate, sulfite.
Examples of the chloride salt include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and the like; examples of the sulfate include sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and zinc sulfate; examples of the carbonate include sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, and potassium hydrogencarbonate; examples of the sulfite include sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, and calcium sulfite.
In some preferred embodiments, the inorganic salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate; further preferably, the inorganic salt is sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate.
From the viewpoint of improving uniformity of the pretreatment liquid, in some preferred embodiments, the organic solvent is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether; further preferably, the organic solvent is methanol and/or ethanol; further, the organic solvent is ethanol.
In some preferred embodiments, the thickener is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, gum arabic, starch octenyl succinate, starch, and a mixture of one or more of gelatin from the viewpoint of stability and effectiveness of the pretreatment liquid.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for rapidly drying longan, comprising the steps of:
a. cutting fresh longan into complete single fruits, cleaning and airing the surface water;
b. c, soaking the longan obtained in the step a in the pretreatment liquid at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 5-10 min, and fishing out and airing the surface moisture;
c. and c, drying the longan obtained in the step b at 60-80 ℃ for 4-6 hours, and drying the longan at 40-60 ℃ for 10-15 hours, wherein the water content is reduced to be less than or equal to 25 percent.
As used herein, "whole single fruit" refers to a single fruit of longan with a shell of longan. The method of testing the moisture content of the present application may be any method known to those skilled in the art, for example, using a moisture content rapid tester.
The inventor finds in long-term researches that the structure of the longan shells can be changed by adopting the pretreatment liquid to treat the longan, so that the surfaces of the longan shells are wrinkled, the permeability of the longan shells is increased, the diffusion speed of the longan moisture is improved, the drying time of the longan is shortened, meanwhile, the color of the longan is kept, wherein the organic acid in the pretreatment liquid reacts with the surfaces of the longan shells, the reaction degree is regulated and controlled by the inorganic salt, the adhesion of reactants on the surfaces of the longan shells is increased by the thickening agent, the surface property of the pretreatment liquid is changed by the organic solvent, the surfaces of the longan shells are easier to wet by the solution, and the dispersibility of each component in the solution is improved.
Examples
The present application will be specifically described below by way of examples. It is noted herein that the following examples are given solely for the purpose of further illustration and are not to be construed as limitations on the scope of the application, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 provides a method for rapidly drying longan, comprising the following steps:
a. cutting fresh longan into complete single fruits, cleaning and airing the surface water;
b. c, soaking the longan obtained in the step a in the pretreatment liquid at 60 ℃ for 10min, and taking out and airing the surface moisture; the pretreatment liquid comprises, by weight, 0.02% of starch octenyl succinate, 0.2% of ethanol, 0.1% of glacial acetic acid, 0.02% of potassium carbonate and the balance of water;
c. and c, drying the longan obtained in the step b at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, and then drying the longan at 50 ℃ for 12 hours.
Fig. 1 is a scanning image of dried longan shells obtained in example 1 by electron microscopy, wherein wrinkling of the surfaces of the longan shells can be observed, the permeability of the longan shells is increased, the diffusion rate of the longan moisture is increased, the drying time of the longan is shortened, and the moisture content of the longan is less than or equal to 25%.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 provides a method for rapidly drying longan, comprising the steps of:
a. cutting fresh longan into complete single fruits, cleaning and airing the surface water;
b. c, soaking the longan obtained in the step a in the pretreatment liquid at 80 ℃ for 5min, and taking out and airing the surface moisture; the pretreatment liquid comprises, by weight, 0.03% of starch octenyl succinate, 0.1% of ethanol, 0.2% of glacial acetic acid, 0.01% of potassium carbonate and the balance of water;
c. and c, drying the longan obtained in the step b at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, and then drying the longan at 50 ℃ for 15 hours.
Example 2 has a similar effect to example 1.
Example 3
Embodiment 3 provides a method for rapidly drying longan, comprising the steps of:
a. cutting fresh longan into complete single fruits, cleaning and airing the surface water;
b. c, soaking the longan obtained in the step a in the pretreatment liquid at 60 ℃ for 10min, and taking out and airing the surface moisture; the pretreatment liquid comprises, by weight, 0.02% of octenyl succinic acid starch ester, 0.2% of ethanol, 0.1% of citric acid, 0.02% of potassium carbonate and the balance of water;
c. and c, drying the longan obtained in the step b at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, and then drying the longan at 50 ℃ for 12 hours.
Example 3 has a similar effect to example 1.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a method of drying longan comprising the steps of:
a. cutting fresh longan into complete single fruits, cleaning and airing the surface water;
b. and c, drying the longan obtained in the step a at 70 ℃ for 12 hours, and then drying the longan at 50 ℃ for 18 hours.
Fig. 2 is a scanning image of dried longan shells obtained in comparative example 1 by electron microscopy, and it is observed that the surfaces of the longan shells are flat, and it takes a long time to measure the moisture content of the longan less than or equal to 25%.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 provides a method of drying longan comprising the steps of:
a. cutting fresh longan into complete single fruits, cleaning and airing the surface water;
b. c, soaking the longan obtained in the step a in the pretreatment liquid at 60 ℃ for 10min, and taking out and airing the surface moisture; the pretreatment liquid comprises 0.02% of octenyl succinic acid starch ester, 0.2% of ethanol, 0.02% of potassium carbonate and the balance of water according to weight percentage;
c. and c, drying the longan obtained in the step b at 70 ℃ for 12 hours, and then drying the longan at 50 ℃ for 18 hours.
Fig. 4 is a scanning image of dried longan shells obtained in comparative example 2 by electron microscopy, and it is observed that the surfaces of the longan shells are flat, and it takes a long time to measure the moisture content of the longan less than or equal to 25%.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 provides a method of drying longan comprising the steps of:
a. cutting fresh longan into complete single fruits, cleaning and airing the surface water;
b. c, soaking the longan obtained in the step a in the pretreatment liquid at 60 ℃ for 10min, and taking out and airing the surface moisture; the pretreatment liquid comprises 0.02% of octenyl succinic acid starch ester, 0.2% of ethanol, 0.1% of glacial acetic acid and the balance of water according to weight percentage;
c. and c, drying the longan obtained in the step b at 70 ℃ for 10 hours, and then drying the longan at 50 ℃ for 16 hours.
Fig. 5 is a scanning image of dried longan shells obtained in comparative example 3 by electron microscopy, and it is observed that a small amount of wrinkles appear on the surfaces of the longan shells, and it takes a long time to measure the moisture content of longan less than or equal to 25%.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 provides a method of drying longan comprising the steps of:
a. cutting fresh longan into complete single fruits, cleaning and airing the surface water;
b. c, soaking the longan obtained in the step a in the pretreatment liquid at 60 ℃ for 10min, and taking out and airing the surface moisture; the pretreatment liquid comprises, by weight, 0.02% of octenyl succinic acid starch ester, 0.2% of ethanol, 0.1% of citric acid and the balance of water;
c. and c, drying the longan obtained in the step b at 70 ℃ for 10 hours, and then drying the longan at 50 ℃ for 14 hours.
Fig. 6 is a scanning image of dried longan shells obtained in comparative example 4, and it can be observed that micropores appear on the surfaces of the longan shells, while the micropores are beneficial to increasing permeability, the longan pulp in the longan shells loses an effective barrier and is easy to pollute or oxidize, and the moisture content of the longan is less than or equal to 25% only after a long time.
According to the embodiment and the comparative example, the longan pretreatment liquid and the method for quickly drying longan provided by the application have the advantages that after the longan is treated by the pretreatment liquid with a specific formula, the structure of the longan shell is changed, the permeability of the longan shell is increased, the diffusion speed of the longan moisture is improved, the longan drying time is shortened, and a large amount of energy sources are saved.
The foregoing examples are illustrative only and serve to explain some features of the method of the application. The appended claims are intended to claim the broadest possible scope and the embodiments presented herein are merely illustrative of selected implementations based on combinations of all possible embodiments. Accordingly, it is not the intention of the inventors that the appended claims be limited by the choice of examples illustrating the features of the application. Some numerical ranges used in the claims also include sub-ranges within which variations in these ranges should also be construed as being covered by the appended claims where possible.
Claims (1)
1. A method for rapidly drying longan, comprising the steps of:
a. cutting fresh longan into complete single fruits, cleaning and airing the surface water;
b. c, soaking the longan obtained in the step a in the pretreatment liquid at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 5-10 min, and fishing out and airing the surface moisture;
c. drying the longan obtained in the step b at 60-80 ℃ for 4-6 hours, and then drying the longan at 40-60 ℃ for 10-15 hours, wherein the water content is reduced to be less than or equal to 25 percent;
the pretreatment liquid comprises, by weight, 0.05-0.1% of organic acid, 0.01-0.03% of inorganic salt, 0.1-0.2% of organic solvent, 0.02-0.05% of thickener and the balance of water;
the organic acid is glacial acetic acid or citric acid;
the inorganic salt is potassium carbonate;
the organic solvent is ethanol;
the thickener is starch octenyl succinate.
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| CN112268412A (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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