CN112267087B - Light high-strength protection composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Light high-strength protection composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112267087B
CN112267087B CN202011061822.2A CN202011061822A CN112267087B CN 112267087 B CN112267087 B CN 112267087B CN 202011061822 A CN202011061822 A CN 202011061822A CN 112267087 B CN112267087 B CN 112267087B
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ceramic
powder
metal
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spraying
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CN112267087A (en
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张兴国
周秉文
孟令刚
亚斌
景栋
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Dalian University of Technology
Ningbo Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
Ningbo Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/14—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying for coating elongate material

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

A light high-strength protection composite material and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of protection materials. The invention adopts ceramic-metal agglomeration to sinter WC-Ni, WC-Co and B 4 C‑Ni、B 4 A high-strength, high-elasticity-modulus and high-hardness anti-ballistic layer is formed on the surface of one or more composite light metal base materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy or titanium alloy by using supersonic flame spraying or plasma spraying and other thermal spraying technologies, and the defects that the traditional ceramic and ceramic composite protective material is poor in anti-ballistic performance, the bonding force between layers of a multi-layer structure composite protective material is low, the preparation process is complex and the like are overcome by using light metal as a toughness energy-absorbing layer. The invention has the gradient performance response mechanism of elastic impact resistance, shows excellent impact resistance and energy absorption characteristics, is suitable for the mass production of large-size and complex-shaped protective members and has good application prospect.

Description

Light high-strength protection composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of protective materials, and particularly relates to a light high-strength protective composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rationale for armor protection is to dissipate projectile energy, slow the projectile down and achieve harmlessness. Conventional metal engineering materials generally absorb energy by undergoing plastic deformation, while ceramic materials absorb energy by a micro-fracture process. Along with the development requirements of lightweight and high efficiency of an armor system, the superiority of the bulletproof ceramic is increasingly highlighted. The main advantages are high strength and hardness, low density, etc., but the disadvantages of easy breaking and weak multiple-strike resistance limit the application to a certain extent. At present, the bulletproof ceramics mainly aim to improve the multiple strike resistance, lighten the mass and reduce the cost. When the protective armor material is prepared at present, ceramic panels and metal back plates which are arranged in small blocks are combined into a ceramic composite target plate so as to overcome the failure of ceramic caused by tensile stress and ensure that only a single block is crushed when the projectile is penetrated without damaging the whole armor.
In the 60 s of the 20 th century, B 4 C was first used to design a bulletproof vest and then fitted to the aircraft pilot's seat. B is 4 The hardness of C ceramic is second only to that of diamond, the Knoop hardness is more than 2900, and the density is low (2.5 g/cm) 3 ) It is especially suitable for military aircraft as bulletproof panel material. In the 90 s of the 20 th century, american scientists designed armor with gradient functional materials for the first time, and proposed the concept of gradient armor. The volume content of the ceramic particles in the material is continuously changed along the thickness, so that the performance of the panel is close to that of a ceramic material, and the performance of the back plate is similar to that of a metal material. Gupta et al use discharge plasma sintering to produce TiB 2 Ti functional gradient material, and obtaining TiB through ballistic depth test of small-caliber projectile impact 2 -Ti and TiB 2 The ballistic efficiency of the base composite material is 5.1-5.9, compared with TiB 2 The base composite material has smaller ballistic depth, higher efficiency and better ballistic performance. Later, the army helicopters widely used ceramic-light metal and ceramic-composite materials as armor for sparkplates (UH-60), apache (AH-64) and Bernoulli (CH-47) to achieve higher protection levels with lighter protection weights.
In 2016, a bulletproof ceramic armor plate is additionally arranged on two sides of the shoulder of a cabin of Wushun 10 in China land aviation and can resist 12.7mm heavy-calibre machine gun bulletsThe protection capability of the pilot is improved by striking. At present, the domestic model generally adopts B 4 The C bulletproof composite material armor plate is designed as the protection of a helicopter driver seat, has the capability of preventing 12.7mm armor-piercing combustion bullets, and has the surface density of 45kg/m 2 Left and right, can resist 1 strike, and the armor that subsequent seat adopted basically inherits this technique. But due to B 4 The C ceramic has poor toughness and insufficient capability of resisting multiple times of striking, and the composite armor back plate material, namely the high-density polyethylene plate, has high strength and toughness but insufficient rigidity, is difficult to provide enough support for a ceramic panel, and cannot fully play the bulletproof role of the ceramic. Therefore, it is necessary to break through the traditional design and material mode, apply lighter, stronger and tougher materials to the helicopter bulletproof system to improve the bullet-resistant capability thereof, and meet the requirement of improving the main combat task of the new generation of fighters.
The spraying is to prepare a material protective coating and a functional coating on the surface of the material. For example, WC has good wear resistance and can wet well with Ni-based materials. After WC is coated in the Ni-based material, a WC/Ni layer is formed, and the wear resistance and the hardness are obviously better than those of a pure Ni plate. The powder has better bonding force with a metal matrix, and a coating of any material with the content of more than 50 percent of pore defects to nearly complete compactness can be prepared by spraying, so that the formed surface is hard, compact and uniform. When no obvious discrete interface exists in the material, the impedance change between the materials is weakened, the shear coupling characteristic of the interface is improved, and the material is easy to attach to the metal surface. The method effectively solves the influence of the interface problem and the impedance matching problem on the anti-elastic performance of the traditional ceramic/metal composite armor. Therefore, by utilizing the thermal spraying technology, the ceramic-metal mixture powder is agglomerated and sintered on the surface of the light metal, and the elastic resistant layer with high strength and hardness and high elastic modulus can be formed. The coating can be prepared on the surface of the whole part or on the limited part of the surface, so that the flexibility is good, large-scale complex components can be processed, and the anti-elasticity performance is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor multi-elasticity resistance, low interlayer bonding force and complex preparation process of the traditional ceramic and ceramic composite protective material, and provides a light protective composite material suitable for large size and complex shape and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the light high-strength protective composite material is a protective material compounded by ceramic and light metal, and is composed of a coating with high strength, high elastic modulus and high hardness and a light metal layer. The coating is an elastic resistant layer and is formed by uniformly thermally spraying ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder or a mixture of the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder and titanium powder on the surface of the light metal by adopting a thermal spraying technology, and the spraying thickness is 0.1-5 mm. The metal material in the light metal layer is one or a combination of more of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy or titanium alloy, and the thickness is 1-100 mm.
The ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder comprises WC-Ni, WC-Co and B 4 C-Ni、B 4 C-Co, wherein the interior of the ceramic-metal agglomeration sintered powder is WC or B 4 And C, ceramic, wherein the outside of the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder is made of Ni or Co metal material, and the single particle diameter of the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder is 10 nm-100 mu m.
In the mixture of the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder and the titanium powder, the titanium powder accounts for 20-80% of the total mass of the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder and the titanium powder.
Further, the thermal spraying technique includes flame spraying, supersonic flame spraying, electric arc spraying, plasma spraying, or the like.
Furthermore, the thermal spraying technology melts the metal material on the outer surface of the ceramic powder, the ceramic powder is connected compactly with each other, the compactness is 95-99.9%, and the ceramic powder and the surface of the light metal substrate are also connected by the powder surface metal.
Furthermore, the light metal can be made into a plate, a curved surface, a helmet shape and other complex-shaped components by one or a plurality of processing technologies such as rolling, hot pressing or welding and the like, and is used as the base material of the light metal component.
The preparation method of the light high-strength protection composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Sieving the ceramic powder, and placing the sieved ceramic powder in a drying furnace to dry for later use, wherein one or more of the ceramic powder is mixed well;
(2) The light metal is made into a plate, a curved surface, a helmet shape and other components with complex shapes by processing technologies such as rolling, hot pressing or welding, the surfaces are sequentially and finely ground by No. 200 and No. 400 abrasive paper, and then the surface of the base material of the light metal component is ultrasonically cleaned by acetone and clear water and dried for later use;
(3) Carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the light metal component;
(4) Putting ceramic powder into a powder spraying device, wherein the ceramic powder spraying device can be plasma spraying, electric arc spraying, flame spraying or supersonic flame spraying and the like; the surface of the light metal component base material is thermally sprayed, the spraying distance is 100-400mm, the spraying process is layer-by-layer spraying, the coating thickness of each pass is 0.05-0.5 mm, the width of each pass is 1-10 mm, the total thickness is 0.1-5 mm, and the metallographic porosity is less than 0.5%. The metal material on the outer surface of the ceramic powder is melted under the thermal spraying, and the effects of connecting the ceramic powder and effectively combining the ceramic powder with the light metal base material are achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention distributes the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder on the light metal plate compactly and uniformly by the design theory of the gradient functional composite material and the thermal spraying technology. The heat of the thermal spraying can melt the metal material on the outer surface of the powder, so that the gradient gradual change of the components from the base material to the coating is realized, and the tighter connection is obtained. The internal residual stress, the thermal stress and the crack driving force are reduced, and the interlayer bonding force of the multilayer structure composite protective material is greatly enhanced. The mechanical arm is adopted to control the thermal spraying process, the process is flexible, and the uniform and compact interconnection among the surface hard ceramic powder can be met. As a tough energy absorption layer, the light metal substrate imposes constraint on the ceramic, plays a role in supporting, and solves the problem of poor multi-bullet resistance of the traditional ceramic and ceramic composite protective material; the light metal substrate is beneficial to processing and forming, and meets the requirement of mass preparation of components with different complex shapes. The ceramic powder with high strength and high hardness is complementary with the high plastic toughness of the light metal matrix, and the outer metal reinforcing layer of the powder is connected through thermal spraying, so that the protective capability is not required to be improved by simply increasing the weight of the metal substrate, the weight of the metal substrate is continuously reduced, and the maneuverability of protective equipment is facilitated. The protective material compounded by the ceramic and the light metal after thermal spraying has good compactness and can show excellent anti-elasticity performance (particularly multi-elasticity resistance) and impact resistance. The material well combines the design ideas of the traditional ceramic-backboard composite armor and the gradient functional material, overcomes the defects of low bonding force between ceramic-backboard structures, complex preparation process and the like, forms a new ceramic/metal composite direction and shows wider application space.
Drawings
Fig. 1 (a) and 1 (b) are a plan view and a front view, respectively, of a lightweight metal member to which a ceramic-metal agglomerated sintered powder coating is sprayed. Wherein A is ceramic-metal agglomerated and sintered powder, and the interior is WC or B 4 C, and the like, and the outside is made of metal materials such as Ni, co and the like. B is a coating (ceramic-metal agglomerated sintered powder) on the surface of the light metal component, and C is the light metal component in different forms;
fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are a plan view and a front view of a lightweight metal member sprayed with a ceramic-metal agglomerated sintered powder and a titanium powder mixture coating, respectively. Wherein A is ceramic-metal agglomerated and sintered powder, and the interior is WC or B 4 C and the like, and the outside is made of metal materials such as Ni, co and the like. B is a coating on the surface of the light metal component, C is light metal components in different forms, and D is titanium powder;
fig. 3 is a front view of the composite material obtained after the light metal plate coated with the surface coating and other metal plates are sintered by hot pressing. Wherein B is a coating (ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder or a mixture of the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder and titanium powder) on the surface of the light metal component, C is a light metal plate, and E is another light metal plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows: a light metal composite protective material coated with ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder and a preparation method thereof are specifically carried out according to the following steps:
(1) B sintering the agglomerates 4 Sieving the C-Co powder, and drying in a drying furnace for later use;
(2) Sequentially carrying out fine grinding on the surface of a 7075 aluminum alloy plate by using No. 200 and No. 400 abrasive paper, then ultrasonically cleaning the surface of the plate by using acetone and clear water, and carrying out sand blasting on the surface after blow-drying;
(3) B is to be 4 The C-Co ceramic powder is put into a powder spraying device, a supersonic speed flame spraying technology is adopted to spray a ceramic layer on the surface of a 7075 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 3mm, the spraying distance is 150mm, the coating thickness of each pass is 0.05mm, the coating thickness formed by the width of each pass being 10mm is 0.5mm, and the metallographic porosity is less than 0.2%.
(4) The metal Ni on the outer surface of the ceramic powder is melted at high temperature and attached to the surface of the 7075 aluminum alloy, the ceramic powder is also connected by Ni to form a tightly combined whole, a ceramic powder layer and a light metal matrix form a good strong-hard and soft-toughness energy gradient, the ceramic powder layer with high strength and high hardness is used as a bullet-facing surface, effective bullet breaking can be realized, and the light metal substrate is used as a buffering energy absorption layer, so that the protection efficiency is improved. The composite material formed by spraying the agglomerated and sintered ceramic powder on the surface of the light metal has good binding force among the components, and can effectively improve the anti-multi-bullet hitting capability.
Example two:
(1) B sintering the agglomerates 4 Sieving the C-Ni powder, and drying in a drying furnace for later use;
(2) The method comprises the following steps of (1) finely grinding the surface of an aluminum-titanium laminated composite material plate with the thickness of 20mm prepared by a hot pressing process by using No. 200 and No. 400 abrasive paper in sequence, then ultrasonically cleaning the surface of the aluminum-titanium laminated composite material plate by using acetone and clear water, and drying for later use;
(3) Putting the B4C-Ni ceramic powder into a powder spraying device, spraying a ceramic layer on the surface of the laminated composite material with the thickness of 20mm by adopting a plasma spraying technology, wherein the spraying distance is 400mm, the thickness of the coating in each pass is 0.5mm, the thickness of the coating formed by the width of 1mm in each pass is 5mm, the metallographic porosity is less than 0.5%, and finally obtaining the surface hard ceramic reinforced aluminum-titanium laminated composite material.
Example three:
(1) Sieving the mixed powder of the agglomerated and sintered WC-Co and titanium powder, and placing the sieved mixed powder into a drying furnace to be dried for later use, wherein the mass of the titanium powder accounts for 20% of that of the mixed powder;
(2) The surface of a TC4 titanium alloy helmet-shaped component prepared by rolling and hot pressing processes is sequentially subjected to fine grinding by 200# and 400# sandpaper, and then the helmet-shaped surface is ultrasonically cleaned by acetone and clear water and dried for later use;
(3) Putting the mixed powder of WC-Co and titanium powder into a powder spraying device, spraying a ceramic layer on the surface of a laminated composite material with the thickness of 20mm by adopting an electric arc spraying technology, wherein the spraying distance is 200mm, the thickness of each pass of coating is 0.2mm, the thickness of the coating formed by the width of each pass of 5mm is 2mm, the metallographic porosity is less than 0.4%, and finally obtaining the TC4 titanium alloy helmet with the surface hard ceramic reinforcement.
Example four
A sandwich laminated composite material prepared by using a light metal plate coated with ceramic-metal agglomerated sintered powder and a preparation method thereof are specifically carried out according to the following steps:
(1) Sieving the mixed powder of the agglomerated WC-Ni and titanium powder, and drying the sieved mixed powder in a drying furnace for later use, wherein the mass of the titanium powder accounts for 80% of that of the mixed powder;
(2) Sequentially carrying out fine grinding on the surface of a titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 4mm by using No. 200 and No. 400 abrasive paper, then ultrasonically cleaning the surface of the plate by using acetone and clear water, and carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface after drying;
(3) Putting the mixed powder of WC-Ni and titanium powder into a powder spraying device, and spraying a ceramic layer on the surface of the titanium alloy plate by adopting a flame spraying technology, wherein the spraying distance is 300mm, the thickness of the coating in each pass is 0.3mm, the thickness of the coating formed by the width of 5mm in each pass is 0.3mm, and the metallographic porosity is less than 0.3%, so that the titanium alloy plate with the hard surface and strengthened by ceramic is obtained.
(4) Further, taking a 1mm pure aluminum metal plate, performing fine grinding by using No. 400 abrasive paper, then ultrasonically cleaning the surface of the plate by using acetone and clear water, and drying for later use;
(5) Taking two titanium alloy plates with hard ceramic reinforced surfaces, oppositely placing the surfaces with the powder coatings, and then placing a pure aluminum metal plate between the two plates to form a three-layer structure;
(6) The structure is placed in hot-pressing equipment, the temperature is kept for 240min at 600-900 ℃, and the whole temperature keeping process is pressurized at 30MPa. Diffusion reaction occurs between the metal layer and the ceramic layer, and finally the laminated material with a metallurgical bonding structure of metal layer-ceramic layer-metal layer sandwich is obtained. The metal/ceramic composite material can be applied to parts needing protection.
The above-mentioned embodiments only represent the embodiments of the present invention, but they should not be understood as the limitation of the scope of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several variations and modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A light high-strength protection composite material is characterized in that the light high-strength protection composite material is a protection material compounded by ceramic and light metal and consists of a coating and a light metal layer; the coating is an elastic resistant layer and is formed by uniformly thermally spraying ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder or a mixture of the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder and titanium powder on the surface of the light metal by adopting a thermal spraying technology, and the spraying thickness is 0.1-5 mm; the metal material in the light metal layer is one or a combination of more of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy or titanium alloy, and the thickness is 1-100 mm;
the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintering powder comprises WC-Ni, WC-Co and B 4 C-Ni、B 4 C-Co, wherein the interior of the ceramic-metal agglomeration sintered powder is WC or B 4 C, ceramic, wherein the outside of the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintered powder is a Ni or Co metal material;
the single particle diameter of the ceramic-metal agglomeration sintering powder is 10 nm-100 mu m;
the preparation method of the light high-strength protection composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Sieving and proportioning the ceramic powder, and then placing the ceramic powder in a drying furnace for drying for later use;
(2) Making the light metal into a member with a required shape, sequentially and finely grinding the surface by using abrasive paper, ultrasonically cleaning the surface of a base material of the light metal member by using acetone and clear water, and drying for later use;
(3) Carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the light metal member;
(4) Ceramic powder is put into a powder spraying device, thermal spraying is carried out on the surface of the light metal component base material, the spraying distance is 100-400mm, the spraying process is layer-by-layer spraying, the thickness of the coating of each pass is 0.05-0.5 mm, the width of each pass is 1-10 mm, the total thickness is 0.1-5 mm, and the metallographic porosity is less than 0.5%; the metal material on the outer surface of the ceramic powder is melted under the thermal spraying, and the functions of connecting the ceramic powder and effectively combining with the light metal base material are achieved.
2. The light-weight high-strength protection composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the mixture of the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintered powder and titanium powder, the titanium powder accounts for 20-80% of the total mass of the ceramic-metal agglomerated sintered powder and the titanium powder.
3. The light-weight high-strength protection composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said thermal spraying technique comprises flame spraying, electric arc spraying or plasma spraying.
4. The light-weight high-strength protection composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermal spraying technique melts the metal material on the outer surface of the ceramic powder, the ceramic powder is densely connected with each other, the density is 95-99.9%, and the ceramic powder and the surface of the light-weight metal substrate are also connected by the powder surface metal.
5. A light weight, high strength protective composite material as claimed in claim 1 wherein said ceramic powder spray coating is plasma spray, arc spray or flame spray.
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