CN112266795A - Fireproof heat-insulating material, battery module and battery pack - Google Patents
Fireproof heat-insulating material, battery module and battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN112266795A CN112266795A CN202011085721.9A CN202011085721A CN112266795A CN 112266795 A CN112266795 A CN 112266795A CN 202011085721 A CN202011085721 A CN 202011085721A CN 112266795 A CN112266795 A CN 112266795A
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- fiber layer
- insulating material
- heat
- ceramic fiber
- glass fiber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/06—Organic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fireproof heat insulation materials, and particularly relates to a fireproof heat insulation material which comprises a glass fiber layer and a ceramic fiber layer, wherein the glass fiber layer is compounded on at least one surface of the ceramic fiber layer, and the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer is 1: 3-1: 5. In addition, the invention also provides a battery module provided with the fireproof heat-insulating material and a battery pack comprising the fireproof heat-insulating material. Compared with the prior art, the fireproof heat-insulating material provided by the invention can play a fireproof and heat-insulating role at the temperature of more than 500 ℃, has good impact resistance, and is suitable for preventing thermal runaway diffusion of a battery module and a battery pack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fireproof heat-insulating materials, and particularly relates to a fireproof heat-insulating material, a battery module and a battery pack.
Background
Along with the development of new energy industry, the associated problems of the large-scale use of lithium ion batteries are also obvious, and the thermal runaway phenomenon exists in the use process of both lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium batteries. There are several causes of thermal runaway: the problem of the battery core itself, the problem of battery pack management, the problem of heat management and the like exist, and uncontrollable occurrence factors exist. Therefore, when thermal runaway and thermal diffusion of the lithium ion battery occur, the ignition and explosion of Pack are delayed by using a heat insulation material, and enough time is reserved for a user to leave to a safe area.
The existing main heat insulation materials are mica sheets, aerogel and phase change materials. The mica sheet is composed of silicon-rich white mica, quartz, garnet, rutile and the like, has good temperature resistance, can be used in an environment of 800 ℃, but has low heat insulation performance. The aerogel mainly comprises pure silicon dioxide and the like, is very firm and durable, can bear the high temperature of 1400 ℃ at most, has slightly better heat insulation performance than mica sheets, but basically loses the heat insulation performance in the environment of more than 500 ℃. The volume required for the phase change material to absorb the relative heat is large.
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a new fire-proof heat-insulating material.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objects of the present invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the fireproof heat-insulating material is provided, can play a role in fireproof heat insulation at the temperature of more than 500 ℃, and has good impact resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the fireproof heat-insulating material comprises a glass fiber layer and a ceramic fiber layer, wherein the glass fiber layer is compounded on at least one surface of the ceramic fiber layer, and the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer is 1: 3-1: 5.
As an improvement of the fireproof heat-insulating material, the thickness of the glass fiber layer is 0.1-0.3 mm.
As an improvement of the fireproof heat-insulating material, the thickness of the ceramic fiber layer is 1.1-1.3 mm.
As an improvement of the fireproof heat-insulating material, the diameter of the ceramic fiber in the ceramic fiber layer is 3-5 μm.
As an improvement of the fireproof heat-insulating material, the glass fiber layer is a fabric-shaped or flocculent alkali-free glass fiber mat.
As an improvement of the fireproof heat-insulating material, the ceramic fiber layer is ceramic fiber paper or ceramic fiber cotton.
As an improvement of the fireproof heat-insulating material, the glass fiber layer and the ceramic fiber layer are compounded in any one of gluing, hot pressing and cold pressing.
The second purpose of the invention is: the battery module comprises a plurality of battery cores, wherein the fireproof and heat-insulating materials are arranged between every two adjacent battery cores.
The third purpose of the invention is that: the battery module comprises a box body and a plurality of batteries packaged in the box body, wherein the fireproof heat-insulating material is arranged between an explosion-proof valve of each battery and an upper cover plate of the box body.
The third purpose of the invention is that: there is provided a battery pack comprising the fire-resistant and heat-insulating material as described hereinbefore in the specification.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the fireproof heat-insulating material is formed by compounding the glass fiber layer and the ceramic fiber layer, the glass fiber layer has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, flame retardance, corrosion resistance, good heat insulation property, good sound insulation property, high tensile strength, good electrical insulation property and the like, the ceramic fiber layer is a good heat-insulating material, has a high melting point (mostly over 2000 ℃), has excellent chemical stability at high temperature, and is low in linear expansion coefficient, good in size stability and good in electrical insulation property when the temperature changes, and due to the excellent performances of the glass fiber layer and the ceramic fiber layer, the fireproof heat-insulating material can play a good fireproof heat-insulating role in a use environment with the temperature of more than 500 ℃, and is suitable for preventing thermal runaway diffusion of a battery module and a battery pack.
2) The fireproof heat-insulating material disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the thicknesses of the glass fiber layer and the ceramic fiber layer are reasonably adjusted, so that the fireproof heat-insulating material disclosed by the invention has good impact resistance, heat-insulating property, fire burn-through resistance and temperature resistance.
3) The fireproof heat-insulating material is arranged between the adjacent batteries or between the explosion-proof valve and the upper cover of the battery module, so that the thermal runaway of one battery can be effectively prevented from being transmitted to other batteries, the fire and explosion are delayed, and enough time is reserved for a user to leave a safe area.
4) The fireproof heat-insulating material is arranged in the battery pack, so that the heat runaway of a single battery or a single battery module can be effectively prevented from being transferred to other batteries or battery modules, the fire and explosion are delayed, and enough time is reserved for a user to leave a safe area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the temperature change after thermal runaway of a battery module including a fireproof heat-insulating sheet made of the fireproof heat-insulating material of example 1.
Wherein: 1-glass fiber layer, 2-ceramic fiber layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
1. Fireproof heat-insulating material
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, in a first aspect of the present invention, a fireproof heat insulation material is provided, which includes a glass fiber layer 1 and a ceramic fiber layer 2, wherein the glass fiber layer 1 is compounded on at least one side of the ceramic fiber layer 2, and a thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer 1 to the ceramic fiber layer 2 is 1:3 to 1: 5. Specifically, in some embodiments, the glass fiber layer 1 is compounded on one side of the ceramic fiber layer 2, and the fireproof and heat-insulating material of the embodiment can achieve an effective heat-insulating effect at 800 ℃; in other embodiments, the glass fiber layer 1 is combined with the ceramic fiber layer 2 on both sides, and the fire-proof and heat-insulating material of the embodiment can achieve an effective heat-insulating effect at 1100 ℃.
In some embodiments of the fireproof and heat-insulating material of the present invention, the thickness of the glass fiber layer 1 is 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
In some embodiments of the fireproof and heat-insulating material of the present invention, the thickness of the ceramic fiber layer 2 is 1.1 to 1.3 mm.
In some embodiments of the fireproof and heat-insulating material of the present invention, the diameter of the ceramic fiber in the ceramic fiber layer 2 is 3 to 5 μm.
In some embodiments of the fire and heat insulating material according to the present invention, the glass fiber layer 1 is a woven or flocculent alkali-free glass fiber mat.
In some embodiments of the fire and heat insulating material of the present invention, the ceramic fiber layer 2 is ceramic fiber paper or ceramic fiber cotton.
In some embodiments of the fire and heat insulating material according to the present invention, the glass fiber layer 1 and the ceramic fiber layer 2 are combined by any one of gluing, hot pressing and cold pressing. The composite forms include, but are not limited to, those listed in the present invention. Specifically, gluing, hot pressing, cold pressing and the like are adopted in the conventional environment; hot pressing and cold pressing are adopted in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment; hot pressing is adopted in a salt spray corrosion environment.
2. Battery module
A second aspect of the invention provides a battery module.
In some embodiments, the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, and the fireproof and heat-insulating material of the present invention is disposed between two adjacent battery cells. The battery module can be laminate polymer battery module also can be steel-clad battery module, and wherein, the battery is laminate polymer battery core.
In other embodiments, the battery module comprises a box body and a plurality of batteries packaged in the box body, and the fireproof heat-insulating material is arranged between an explosion-proof valve of the batteries and an upper cover plate of the box body. The battery module is a steel shell battery module, and the battery is a steel shell battery.
3. Battery pack
In a third aspect, the invention provides a battery pack comprising the fireproof and heat-insulating material. In some embodiments, a fireproof and heat-insulating material is used between the upper cover plate of the battery module and the upper cover plate of the battery pack; in other embodiments, a fire resistant insulation is used on the interior of the battery.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The fireproof heat-insulating material comprises a glass fiber layer and a ceramic fiber layer, wherein the glass fiber layer is compounded on one surface of the ceramic fiber layer in an adhesive mode, and the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer is 1: 5. The thickness of the glass fiber layer was 0.25 mm. The thickness of the ceramic fiber layer was 1.25 mm. The diameter of the ceramic fiber in the ceramic fiber layer is 3-5 μm. The glass fiber layer is a fabric-shaped alkali-free glass fiber mat. The ceramic fiber layer is ceramic fiber paper.
Example 2
The fireproof heat-insulating material comprises a glass fiber layer and a ceramic fiber layer, wherein the glass fiber layer is compounded on one surface of the ceramic fiber layer in a hot pressing mode, and the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer is 1: 4. The thickness of the glass fiber layer was 0.3 mm. The thickness of the ceramic fiber layer was 1.2 mm. The diameter of the ceramic fiber in the ceramic fiber layer is 3-5 μm. The glass fiber layer is a flocculent alkali-free glass fiber mat. The ceramic fiber layer is ceramic fiber paper.
Example 3
The fireproof heat-insulating material comprises a glass fiber layer and a ceramic fiber layer, wherein the glass fiber layer is compounded on one surface of the ceramic fiber layer in a cold pressing mode, and the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer is 1: 4. The thickness of the glass fiber layer was 0.28 mm. The thickness of the ceramic fiber layer was 1.12 mm. The diameter of the ceramic fiber in the ceramic fiber layer is 3-5 μm. The glass fiber layer is a fabric-shaped glass fiber mat. The ceramic fiber layer is ceramic fiber cotton.
Example 4
The fireproof heat-insulating material comprises a glass fiber layer and a ceramic fiber layer, wherein the glass fiber layer is compounded on one surface of the ceramic fiber layer in an adhesive mode, and the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer is 1: 5. The thickness of the glass fiber layer was 0.22 mm. The thickness of the ceramic fiber layer was 1.1 mm. The diameter of the ceramic fiber in the ceramic fiber layer is 3-5 μm. The glass fiber layer is a flocculent glass fiber mat. The ceramic fiber layer is ceramic fiber cotton.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is:
the glass fiber layers are compounded on two surfaces of the ceramic fiber in an adhesive mode.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 6
The difference from example 2 is:
the glass fiber layers are compounded on two surfaces of the ceramic fiber in an adhesive mode.
The rest is the same as embodiment 2, and the description is omitted here.
Example 7
The difference from example 3 is:
the glass fiber layers are compounded on two surfaces of the ceramic fiber in an adhesive mode.
The rest is the same as embodiment 3, and the description is omitted here.
Example 8
The difference from example 4 is:
the glass fiber layers are compounded on two surfaces of the ceramic fiber in an adhesive mode.
The rest is the same as embodiment 4, and the description is omitted here.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is:
the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer was 1: 2. The thickness of the glass fiber layer was 0.25 mm. The thickness of the ceramic fiber layer was 0.5 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is: the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer was 1: 6. The thickness of the glass fiber layer was 0.25 mm. The thickness of the ceramic fiber layer was 1.5 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is:
the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer was 1: 2. The thickness of the glass fibre layer was 0.625 mm. The thickness of the ceramic fiber layer was 1.25 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is:
the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer was 1: 6. The thickness of the glass fiber layer was 0.2 mm. The thickness of the ceramic fiber layer was 1.2 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Performance testing
The results of attaching the fireproof heat insulating sheets made of the fireproof heat insulating materials of examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 4 to the upper cover plate of the battery module, respectively, to cause thermal runaway of the battery cell by needle punching, recording the temperature of the combustion surface after the runaway and the temperature of the opposite surface within 3 minutes after the runaway are shown in table 1, in which the battery having the fireproof heat insulating sheet made of the fireproof heat insulating material of example 1 attached thereto during the entire process was shown in fig. 1.
TABLE 1 test results
As can be seen from the test results of table 1 and the variation curve of fig. 1, the fireproof thermal insulation material of the present invention is effective in preventing thermal runaway diffusion of the battery when applied to the battery module. Specifically, the temperature of a combustion surface of the battery module reaches about 900 ℃ after the needling is out of control, and the temperature of an opposite surface is only about 160 ℃ within 3min, namely, the heat insulation and fire prevention effects of the battery module can be maintained for at least more than 3 min. As can be seen from the comparison between the examples and the comparative examples and the comparison between the mica sheet, the aerogel and the phase change material, the temperature of the opposite surfaces of the battery module using the fire-resistant and heat-insulating material of the present invention as the heat-insulating sheet is significantly lower, and thus the fire-resistant and heat-insulating material of the present invention can effectively perform a heat-insulating function as compared to the fire-resistant and heat-insulating material of the comparative examples and the mica sheet, the aerogel and the phase change material. In particular, when the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer is not controlled within a reasonable range, the fireproof and heat insulating properties thereof are also weakened accordingly. Among them, the most preferable examples of examples 2 and 6 are that the ratio of the thickness of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer is 1:4, the thickness of the glass fiber layer is 0.3mm, and the thickness of the ceramic fiber layer is 1.2 mm.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may also occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope of the invention as disclosed and taught herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any obvious improvement, replacement or modification made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (10)
1. The fireproof heat-insulating material is characterized by comprising a glass fiber layer and a ceramic fiber layer, wherein the glass fiber layer is compounded on at least one surface of the ceramic fiber layer, and the thickness ratio of the glass fiber layer to the ceramic fiber layer is 1: 3-1: 5.
2. The fire-proof and heat-insulating material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the glass fiber layer is 0.1-0.3 mm.
3. The fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ceramic fiber layer is 1.1-1.3 mm.
4. The fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the ceramic fibers in the ceramic fiber layer is 3-5 μm.
5. The fire and heat insulating material of claim 1, wherein the fiberglass layer is a woven or batted alkali-free fiberglass mat.
6. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating material of claim 1, wherein the ceramic fiber layer is ceramic fiber paper or ceramic fiber cotton.
7. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glass fiber layer and the ceramic fiber layer are compounded by any one of gluing, hot pressing and cold pressing.
8. A battery module is characterized by comprising a plurality of battery cells, wherein the fireproof and heat-insulating material of any one of claims 1-7 is arranged between every two adjacent battery cells.
9. A battery module is characterized by comprising a box body and a plurality of batteries packaged in the box body, wherein the fireproof heat-insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is arranged between an explosion-proof valve of each battery and an upper cover plate of the box body.
10. A battery pack comprising the fireproof and heat-insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112928362A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-08 | 宁波葆尔新材料有限公司 | Multilayer fireproof material for battery and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN117317510A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2023-12-29 | 杭州卡涞复合材料科技有限公司 | Battery module and energy storage box |
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Effective date of registration: 20220120 Address after: 215500 No. 68, Xin'anjiang Road, Southeast street, Changshu, Suzhou, Jiangsu Patentee after: Jiangsu Zhengli new energy battery technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 211100 Lantian Road 249, Airport Economic Development Zone, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: JIANGSU TAFEL NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: DONGGUAN TAFEL NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Jiangsu Tafel Power System Co.,Ltd. |