CN112266292A - Slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112266292A CN112266292A CN202011141876.XA CN202011141876A CN112266292A CN 112266292 A CN112266292 A CN 112266292A CN 202011141876 A CN202011141876 A CN 202011141876A CN 112266292 A CN112266292 A CN 112266292A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/04—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of alginates
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
- D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
- D06M11/57—Sulfates or thiosulfates of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic System, e.g. alums
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a slow-release compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The slow release compound fertilizer consists of a core fertilizer and a coating layer in a mass ratio of 10-15:2-3, wherein the core fertilizer is prepared from 15-20 parts by weight of urea, 10-15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 15-20 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 0.1-0.3 part by weight of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.5-1 part by weight of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 part by weight of sodium molybdate, 0.5-1 part by weight of ferric chloride and 6-10 parts by weight of a compound carrier; the coating layer comprises, by weight, 3-6 parts of kaolin, 6-10 parts of acrylate, 6-10 parts of polylactic acid and 1-3 parts of stearic acid. The slow-release compound fertilizer provided by the invention has good acid resistance, slow release property and bioactivity; the fertilizer can keep good stability, slow release performance and biological activity in an acid environment, can slowly release nutrients in the fertilizer, prolongs the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer, and improves the absorption utilization rate of the nutrients in the fertilizer; can be used for planting acid soil plants in acidified soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a slow-release compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rise and development of the fertilizer industry, chemical fertilizers supplement and replace farmyard manure to a great extent for improving the yield of crops. However, chemical fertilizers are very soluble in water, the flow time in soil is short, and the nutrient supply and demand are easily inconsistent, so that a great deal of application and waste of the fertilizer are caused. A large amount of chemical fertilizers can also cause environmental pollution, soil agglomeration, soil degradation, pollution of surface water, river and lake water, and reduction of quality indexes such as taste and sense of taste of crops. Based on this, researchers have developed slow release fertilizers. The slow release fertilizer is a green and pollution-free environment-friendly fertilizer, has the advantages of high nutrient utilization rate, long fertilizer efficiency and stable physicochemical properties, can meet the requirements of crops on nutrients in different growth stages, and reduces the fertilizing times and the consumption of manpower, material resources and financial resources in the fertilizing process.
Precipitation is the main source of soil moisture. However, when the pH of the descending water is less than 5.6, acid rain is formed. In acid rain areas, the soil bears a large amount of most of acid rain, and when the acid rain input exceeds the soil buffering capacity, the soil is acidified, so that the physical and chemical properties of the soil are changed. In southern areas of China, soil is mostly acidic, and the acidification process of the soil is accelerated by acid rain washing.
Acidified soil is commonly used for growing acid soil crops. However, the slow release fertilizer studied at present has a good slow release effect in ordinary non-acidified soil, but has poor stability and slow release performance in acidified soil, and the application of the slow release fertilizer in acid soil crops is limited.
For example, patent application No. CN201711219071.0 discloses a method for preparing a slow-release compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: (1) extracting humic acid; (2) preparing a fertilizer: adding urea into the obtained humic acid, stirring uniformly, adding a compound fertilizer long-acting agent, carrying out melt granulation, dissolving chitosan by using glacial acetic acid, adding boron sulfate, zinc sulfate, molybdenum sulfate and manganese sulfate, stirring uniformly, adding acid-resistant sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydrolyzing amino acid chelating multielement powder, heating to volatilize the solvent, mixing with a hot granular fertilizer, stirring uniformly, and naturally cooling to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
For example, patent application No. CN201310048816.7 discloses a method for producing a slow-release chelated compound fertilizer containing multiple elements, wherein humic acid solution and concentrated sulfuric acid are mixed to prepare a humic acid-sulfuric acid mixed solution at 70-90 ℃ in the production of a granular compound fertilizer, the active functional group quantity of humic acid is increased through acidification treatment, the chelating capacity of humic acid is improved, the humic acid is used as liquid phase quantity required by granulation, the liquid phase quantity is sprayed into a rotary drum granulator, the mixed solution is mixed with other powdery base fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the powdery base fertilizers can adsorb and fix nutrients, form a wrapping framework and an inner film shell, and are granulated together with ingredients rich in medium and trace elements and organic matters, liquid sodium silicate (also called sodium silicate and water glass) is used for wrapping the surfaces of fertilizer granules after granulation, and then nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, silicon and other medium and trace elements are obtained through drying, cooling, screening and wrapping, A potassium slow-release chelate compound fertilizer.
The slow-release compound fertilizer provided by the patent has poor stability and slow release performance in acidified soil, and cannot be used for planting acid soil crops in the acidified soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a slow-release compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and particularly the slow-release compound fertilizer is realized through the following technical scheme.
A slow release compound fertilizer comprises a core fertilizer and a coating layer in a mass ratio of 10-15:2, wherein the core fertilizer is prepared from 15-20 parts by weight of urea, 10-15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 15-20 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 0.1-0.3 part by weight of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.5-1 part by weight of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 part by weight of sodium molybdate, 0.5-1 part by weight of ferric chloride and 6-10 parts by weight of a compound carrier; the coating layer comprises, by weight, 3-6 parts of kaolin, 6-10 parts of acrylate, 6-10 parts of polylactic acid and 1-3 parts of stearic acid.
Preferably, the composite carrier consists of chitin, polylactic acid and modified calcium alginate fibers according to the mass ratio of 3-4:6-10: 6-8.
Preferably, the modified calcium alginate fiber is prepared by: taking nano carbon powder accounting for 3-10% of the mass of calcium alginate and polylactic acid accounting for 1-3% of the mass of calcium alginate; soaking the nano carbon in 10-15% hydrogen peroxide solution for 2-3h, taking out, and drying to obtain oxidized nano carbon powder; mixing calcium alginate with polylactic acid, adding water, and stirring at high speed to obtain viscous liquid with concentration of 3-4 w%; then mixing the viscous liquid with the oxidized nano carbon powder, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 3-4min to prepare a spinning solution; preparing the spinning solution into fibers by adopting a wet spinning technology, namely the composite calcium alginate fibers; and adding the composite calcium alginate fiber into an aluminum sulfate solution for surface modification, and filtering out after modification to obtain the modified calcium alginate fiber.
According to the invention, the calcium alginate fibers are subjected to blending modification treatment by adopting the nano carbon powder and the polylactic acid, so that the acid resistance of the calcium alginate fibers is improved, and the adsorption capacity of the calcium alginate fibers is improved; and after hydrochloric acid treatment, the ion exchange capacity is good. The modified calcium alginate fiber has good load capacity on nutrients in the core fertilizer. Aluminum sulfate is adopted for further surface modification, which is beneficial to enhancing the wettability of the calcium alginate fiber in the fertilizer and enhancing the adsorption capacity of the surface of the calcium alginate fiber.
Preferably, the surface modification treatment is: adding the composite calcium alginate fiber into 10 w% aluminum sulfate solution, and heating at 45-48 deg.C for 25-30 min.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the slow-release compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, mixing manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium molybdate and ferric chloride, adding 2 times of water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain a micro-fertilizer solution;
(2) crushing the modified calcium alginate fibers into 40-60 meshes, immersing the crushed modified calcium alginate fibers into a hydrochloric acid solution for ultrasonic treatment, immersing the treated modified calcium alginate fibers into a micro-fertilizer solution, and standing for 4-5 hours to prepare a mixed micro-fertilizer solution;
(3) mixing urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate, adding 1 time of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a base fertilizer solution; adding the base fertilizer liquid into the mixed micro-fertilizer liquid, uniformly mixing, adding activated zeolite powder accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the base fertilizer liquid, and standing for 2-3 hours to obtain mixed fertilizer liquid 1;
(4) mixing the mixed fertilizer solution with chitin and polylactic acid to prepare a mixed fertilizer solution 2; adding acrylic acid, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide into the core fertilizer, and heating to prepare a core fertilizer solution; feeding the core fertilizer liquid into a vulcanizing bed granulator for granulation to prepare core fertilizer particles;
(5) mixing kaolin, acrylic ester, polylactic acid and stearic acid, and adding water to prepare a mixed coating material with the concentration of 3-5%; adding N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide and siloxane into the mixed coating material, and heating to prepare a coating solution;
(6) and (3) putting the granular fertilizer into fluidized bed coating equipment, spraying coating liquid into a coating cavity through a peristaltic pump, and coating to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (2), the crushed modified calcium alginate fiber is immersed in 15W% hydrochloric acid solution and treated with 200W ultrasonic wave for 30min for 2-3 times.
Preferably, in the step (4), 0.5 to 1 mass percent of acrylic acid, 0.01 to 0.02 mass percent of N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide and 0.1 to 0.2 mass percent of nano silicon dioxide are added into the mixed fertilizer liquid 2; the heat treatment is carried out at 60-70 deg.C for 10-12 min.
Preferably, in the step (5), N-dimethyl bisacrylamide accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the mixed coating material and siloxane accounting for 0.01-0.02% of the mass of the mixed coating material are added, and the mixed coating material is heated and treated at 70-80 ℃ for 12-15 min.
Preferably, in the step (6), the coating process conditions are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 60 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 40 ℃, and the flow rate of the coating liquid is 2 mL/min.
The invention also provides an application of the slow-release compound fertilizer, which is used for planting acid soil plants in acidified soil.
The acidic soil crops include camellia oleifera and camellia japonica.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the modified calcium alginate fiber is adopted, so that the core fertilizer has good exchange and adsorption capacity on nutrient elements in the core fertilizer liquid, and has a good loading effect on the nutrient elements in the core fertilizer. The invention adopts modified calcium alginate fiber, chitin and polylactic acid as composite carriers, firstly the modified calcium alginate fiber is used for absorbing and exchanging the nutrients in the fertilizer liquid for loading, and the nutrients in the fertilizer can be stably loaded on the modified calcium alginate fiber; chitin, polylactic acid and acrylic acid are mixed to perform polymerization reaction to form a slowly-released and degraded blending polymer, and nutrients in the fertilizer can be embedded in the polymer to achieve the effect of slow release. And the modified calcium alginate fiber and the blend polymer of the chitin and the polylactic acid have certain acid resistance, and can be slowly degraded in acid soil to release nutrients loaded in the acid soil. The invention adopts kaolin, acrylic ester, polylactic acid and stearin to prepare the blending polymer after blending polymerization modification, has good acid resistance and good slow release function in acidified soil, and can slowly release nutrients in a film layer. Meanwhile, the composite carrier and the coating layer provided by the invention have good biological activity, can promote the absorption and utilization of crop nutrients, and improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients in the slow-release fertilizer.
The slow-release compound fertilizer provided by the invention has good acid resistance, slow release property and bioactivity; the fertilizer can keep good stability, slow release performance and biological activity in an acid environment, can slowly release nutrients in the fertilizer, prolongs the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer, and improves the absorption utilization rate of the nutrients in the fertilizer; can be used for planting acid soil plants in acidified soil.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further limited by the following specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1 Slow Release Compound Fertilizer
1. Preparing modified calcium alginate fibers: taking nano carbon powder accounting for 3% of the mass of calcium alginate and polylactic acid accounting for 1% of the mass of calcium alginate; soaking the nano carbon in 10% hydrogen peroxide solution for 3h, taking out, and drying to obtain oxidized nano carbon powder; mixing calcium alginate with polylactic acid, adding water, and stirring at high speed to obtain viscous liquid with concentration of 3 w%; then mixing the viscous liquid with the oxidized nano carbon powder, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 3-4min to prepare a spinning solution; preparing the spinning solution into fibers by adopting a wet spinning technology, namely the composite calcium alginate fibers; adding the composite calcium alginate fiber into 10 w% aluminum sulfate solution, heating at 48 deg.C for 25min, and filtering to obtain modified calcium alginate fiber.
2. The components are as follows: the mass ratio of the core fertilizer to the coating layer is 10: 2;
core fertilizer: 15 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 part of sodium molybdate, 0.5 part of ferric chloride and 6 parts of composite carrier; wherein the composite carrier consists of chitin, polylactic acid and modified calcium alginate fibers according to the mass ratio of 3:6: 6.
Coating a layer: 3 parts of kaolin, 6 parts of acrylic ester, 6 parts of polylactic acid and 1 part of stearic acid.
3. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, mixing manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium molybdate and ferric chloride, adding 2 times of water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain a micro-fertilizer solution;
(2) crushing the modified calcium alginate fibers into 40-60 meshes, soaking the crushed modified calcium alginate fibers into 15W% hydrochloric acid solution, and treating for 2 times for 30min by 200W ultrasonic wave; soaking the treated crushed modified calcium alginate fiber into a micro-fertilizer solution, and standing for 4-5h to obtain a mixed micro-fertilizer solution;
(3) mixing urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate, adding 1 time of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a base fertilizer solution; adding the base fertilizer liquid into the mixed micro-fertilizer liquid, uniformly mixing, adding activated zeolite powder accounting for 0.1 percent of the mass of the base fertilizer liquid, and standing for 2-3 hours to obtain mixed fertilizer liquid 1;
(4) mixing the mixed fertilizer solution with chitin and polylactic acid to prepare a mixed fertilizer solution 2; adding 0.5-1% by mass of acrylic acid, 0.01% by mass of N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide and 0.1% by mass of nano silicon dioxide, and treating at 60-70 deg.C for 10-12min to obtain core fertilizer solution; feeding the core fertilizer liquid into a vulcanizing bed granulator for granulation to prepare core fertilizer particles;
(5) mixing kaolin, acrylic ester, polylactic acid and stearic acid, and adding water to prepare a mixed coating material with the concentration of 3-5%; adding N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide accounting for 0.1 percent of the mass of the mixed coating material and siloxane accounting for 0.01 percent of the mass of the mixed coating material, treating at 70-80 ℃ for 12-15min, and heating to obtain a coating liquid;
(6) and (3) putting the granular fertilizer into fluidized bed coating equipment, spraying coating liquid into a coating cavity through a peristaltic pump, and coating to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
The coating process conditions are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 60 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 40 ℃, and the flow rate of the coating liquid is 2 mL/min.
Example 2
1. Preparing modified calcium alginate fibers: taking nano carbon powder with the mass of 6 percent of calcium alginate and polylactic acid with the mass of 2 percent of calcium alginate; soaking the nano carbon in 12% hydrogen peroxide solution for 3h, taking out, and drying to obtain oxidized nano carbon powder; mixing calcium alginate with polylactic acid, adding water, and stirring at high speed to obtain 4 w% thick liquid; then mixing the viscous liquid with the oxidized nano carbon powder, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 3-4min to prepare a spinning solution; preparing the spinning solution into fibers by adopting a wet spinning technology, namely the composite calcium alginate fibers; adding the composite calcium alginate fiber into 10 w% aluminum sulfate solution, heating at 48 deg.C for 30min, and filtering to obtain modified calcium alginate fiber.
2. The components are as follows: the mass ratio of the core fertilizer to the coating layer is 12: 2;
core fertilizer: 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 18 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.2 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 part of sodium molybdate, 0.5 part of ferric chloride and 8 parts of composite carrier; wherein the composite carrier consists of chitin, polylactic acid and modified calcium alginate fibers according to the mass ratio of 3:10: 8.
Coating a layer: 6 parts of kaolin, 8 parts of acrylic ester, 10 parts of polylactic acid and 3 parts of stearic acid.
4. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, mixing manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium molybdate and ferric chloride, adding 2 times of water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain a micro-fertilizer solution;
(2) crushing the modified calcium alginate fibers into 40-60 meshes, soaking the crushed modified calcium alginate fibers into 15W% hydrochloric acid solution, and treating for 3 times for 30min by 200W ultrasonic wave; soaking the treated crushed modified calcium alginate fiber into a micro-fertilizer solution, and standing for 4-5h to obtain a mixed micro-fertilizer solution;
(3) mixing urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate, adding 1 time of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a base fertilizer solution; adding the base fertilizer liquid into the mixed micro-fertilizer liquid, uniformly mixing, adding activated zeolite powder accounting for 0.2% of the mass of the base fertilizer liquid, and standing for 2-3 hours to obtain mixed fertilizer liquid 1;
(4) mixing the mixed fertilizer solution with chitin and polylactic acid to prepare a mixed fertilizer solution 2; adding 0.5-1% by mass of acrylic acid, 0.02% by mass of N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide and 0.1% by mass of nano silicon dioxide, and treating at 60-70 deg.C for 10-12min to obtain core fertilizer solution; feeding the core fertilizer liquid into a vulcanizing bed granulator for granulation to prepare core fertilizer particles;
(5) mixing kaolin, acrylic ester, polylactic acid and stearic acid, and adding water to prepare a mixed coating material with the concentration of 3-5%; adding N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide accounting for 0.2 percent of the mass of the mixed coating material and siloxane accounting for 0.01 percent of the mass of the mixed coating material, treating at 70-80 ℃ for 12-15min, and heating to obtain a coating liquid;
(6) and (3) putting the granular fertilizer into fluidized bed coating equipment, spraying coating liquid into a coating cavity through a peristaltic pump, and coating to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
The coating process conditions are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 60 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 40 ℃, and the flow rate of the coating liquid is 2 mL/min.
Example 3
1. Preparing modified calcium alginate fibers: taking nano carbon powder accounting for 10% of the mass of calcium alginate and polylactic acid accounting for 3% of the mass of calcium alginate; soaking the nano carbon in 15% hydrogen peroxide solution for 2-3h, taking out, and drying to obtain oxidized nano carbon powder; mixing calcium alginate with polylactic acid, adding water, and stirring at high speed to obtain 4 w% thick liquid; then mixing the viscous liquid with the oxidized nano carbon powder, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 3-4min to prepare a spinning solution; preparing the spinning solution into fibers by adopting a wet spinning technology, namely the composite calcium alginate fibers; adding the composite calcium alginate fiber into 10 w% aluminum sulfate solution, heating at 45 deg.C for 30min, and filtering to obtain modified calcium alginate fiber.
2. The components are as follows: the mass ratio of the core fertilizer to the coating layer is 10-15: 2;
core fertilizer: 15-20 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 15-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.5-1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of sodium molybdate, 0.5-1 part of ferric chloride and 6-10 parts of composite carrier; wherein the composite carrier consists of chitin, polylactic acid and modified calcium alginate fibers according to the mass ratio of 3-4:6-10: 6-8.
Coating a layer: 3-6 parts of kaolin, 6-10 parts of acrylic ester, 6-10 parts of polylactic acid and 1-3 parts of stearic acid.
5. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, mixing manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium molybdate and ferric chloride, adding 2 times of water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain a micro-fertilizer solution;
(2) crushing the modified calcium alginate fibers into 40-60 meshes, soaking the crushed modified calcium alginate fibers into 15W% hydrochloric acid solution, and treating for 2-3 times by using 200W ultrasonic waves for 30 min; soaking the treated crushed modified calcium alginate fiber into a micro-fertilizer solution, and standing for 4-5h to obtain a mixed micro-fertilizer solution;
(3) mixing urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate, adding 1 time of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a base fertilizer solution; adding the base fertilizer liquid into the mixed micro-fertilizer liquid, uniformly mixing, adding activated zeolite powder accounting for 0.2% of the mass of the base fertilizer liquid, and standing for 2-3 hours to obtain mixed fertilizer liquid 1;
(4) mixing the mixed fertilizer solution with chitin and polylactic acid to prepare a mixed fertilizer solution 2; adding 1% by mass of acrylic acid, 0.02% by mass of N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide and 0.2% by mass of nano silicon dioxide, and treating at 60-70 deg.C for 10-12min to obtain core fertilizer solution; feeding the core fertilizer liquid into a vulcanizing bed granulator for granulation to prepare core fertilizer particles;
(5) mixing kaolin, acrylic ester, polylactic acid and stearic acid, and adding water to prepare a mixed coating material with the concentration of 3-5%; adding N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide accounting for 0.2 percent of the mass of the mixed coating material and siloxane accounting for 0.02 percent of the mass of the mixed coating material, treating at 70-80 ℃ for 12-15min, and heating to obtain a coating solution;
(6) and (3) putting the granular fertilizer into fluidized bed coating equipment, spraying coating liquid into a coating cavity through a peristaltic pump, and coating to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
The coating process conditions are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 60 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 40 ℃, and the flow rate of the coating liquid is 2 mL/min.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the fertilizer solution was treated without modified calcium alginate fibers.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example 2 and the example 1 is that the mixed fertilizer liquid 2 is not treated by adding acrylic acid, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide in the step (4).
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that no composite carrier is added to the core fertilizer, and the core fertilizer is made by directly granulating the fertilizer components.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 is different from example 1 in that the silicone treatment without adding N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide to the mixed coating material in step (5) was not performed.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 differs from example 1 in that no core fertilizer was coated.
Experimental example 1
In the invention, researchers put sulfuric acid solutions (the pH of the sulfuric acid solutions is 5.5) into the slow-release compound fertilizers prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 for release experiments to detect the release condition of nutrients in the sulfuric acid solutions, and the specific experiment method is that water in a water extraction method is changed into the sulfuric acid solution for experiments according to a water extraction method in the research on the nutrient release characteristics of several slow-release fertilizers (chemical minerals and processing, 2011) in the literature, and nitrogen nutrients are used as detection indexes. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 variation of nutrients in sulfuric acid solution for different slow-release compound fertilizers
It should be noted that the above examples and test examples are only for further illustration and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not to be construed as further limitations of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the invention which does not highlight essential features and significant advances made by those skilled in the art still belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A slow release compound fertilizer comprises a core fertilizer and a coating layer in a mass ratio of 10-15:2-3, wherein the core fertilizer is prepared from 15-20 parts by weight of urea, 10-15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 15-20 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 0.1-0.3 part by weight of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.5-1 part by weight of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 part by weight of sodium molybdate, 0.5-1 part by weight of ferric chloride and 6-10 parts by weight of a compound carrier; the coating layer comprises, by weight, 3-6 parts of kaolin, 6-10 parts of acrylate, 6-10 parts of polylactic acid and 1-3 parts of stearic acid.
2. The slow release compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound carrier is composed of chitin, polylactic acid and modified calcium alginate fiber in a mass ratio of 3-4:6-10: 6-8.
3. The slow release compound fertilizer of claim 2, wherein the modified calcium alginate fiber is prepared by: taking nano carbon powder accounting for 3-10% of the mass of calcium alginate and polylactic acid accounting for 1-3% of the mass of calcium alginate; soaking the nano carbon in 10-15% hydrogen peroxide solution for 2-3h, taking out, and drying to obtain oxidized nano carbon powder; mixing calcium alginate with polylactic acid, adding water, and stirring at high speed to obtain viscous liquid with concentration of 3-4 w%; then mixing the viscous liquid with the oxidized nano carbon powder, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 3-4min to prepare a spinning solution; preparing the spinning solution into fibers by adopting a wet spinning technology, namely the composite calcium alginate fibers; and adding the composite calcium alginate fiber into an aluminum sulfate solution for surface modification, and filtering out after modification to obtain the modified calcium alginate fiber.
4. The slow release compound fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the surface modification treatment is: adding the composite calcium alginate fiber into 10% aluminum sulfate solution, and heating at 45-48 deg.C for 25-30 min.
5. The method for preparing the slow-release compound fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, mixing manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium molybdate and ferric chloride, adding 2 times of water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain a micro-fertilizer solution;
(2) crushing the modified calcium alginate fibers into 40-60 meshes, immersing the crushed modified calcium alginate fibers into a hydrochloric acid solution for ultrasonic treatment, immersing the treated modified calcium alginate fibers into a micro-fertilizer solution, and standing for 4-5 hours to prepare a mixed micro-fertilizer solution;
(3) mixing urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate, adding 1 time of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a base fertilizer solution; adding the base fertilizer liquid into the mixed micro-fertilizer liquid, uniformly mixing, adding activated zeolite powder accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the base fertilizer liquid, and standing for 2-3 hours to obtain mixed fertilizer liquid 1;
(4) mixing the mixed fertilizer solution with chitin and polylactic acid to prepare a mixed fertilizer solution 2; adding acrylic acid, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide and nano silicon dioxide into the core fertilizer, and heating to prepare a core fertilizer solution; feeding the core fertilizer liquid into a vulcanizing bed granulator for granulation to prepare core fertilizer particles;
(5) mixing kaolin, acrylic ester, polylactic acid and stearic acid, and adding water to prepare a mixed coating material with the concentration of 3-5%; adding N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide and siloxane into the mixed coating material, and heating to prepare a coating solution;
(6) and (3) putting the granular fertilizer into fluidized bed coating equipment, spraying coating liquid into a coating cavity through a peristaltic pump, and coating to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
6. The method of preparing a slow-release compound fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the pulverized modified calcium alginate fiber is immersed in 15W% hydrochloric acid solution, and treated with 200W ultrasonic waves for 30min for 2-3 times.
7. The method for producing a slow-release compound fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein in the step (4), 0.5 to 1 mass% of acrylic acid, 0.01 to 0.02 mass% of N, N-dimethyl bisacrylamide, and 0.1 to 0.2 mass% of nano silica are added to the mixed fertilizer solution 2; the heat treatment is carried out at 60-70 deg.C for 10-12 min.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (5), N-dimethyl bisacrylamide in an amount of 0.1 to 0.2% by mass and siloxane in an amount of 0.01 to 0.02% by mass are added to the mixed coating material, and the mixture is heated at 70 to 80 ℃ for 12 to 15 minutes.
9. The method for preparing a slow-release compound fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein in the step (6), the coating process conditions are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 60 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 40 ℃, and the flow rate of the coating liquid is 2 mL/min.
10. Use of a slow release compound fertilizer prepared by the method for preparing a slow release compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 5 to 9 for the planting of plants in acidified soil.
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| CN113582759A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-02 | 安徽省司尔特肥业股份有限公司 | Special soil testing formula fertilizer for carrots and preparation method thereof |
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