CN112265093A - Compound wood fire retardant - Google Patents
Compound wood fire retardant Download PDFInfo
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- CN112265093A CN112265093A CN202011154617.0A CN202011154617A CN112265093A CN 112265093 A CN112265093 A CN 112265093A CN 202011154617 A CN202011154617 A CN 202011154617A CN 112265093 A CN112265093 A CN 112265093A
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- wood
- retardant
- flame
- flame retardant
- treatment tank
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 8
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012796 inorganic flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 aldehyde compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010875 treated wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/163—Compounds of boron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/18—Compounds of alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/20—Compounds of alkali metals or ammonium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/22—Compounds of zinc or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
- B27K3/36—Aliphatic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
- B27K2240/30—Fireproofing
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of wood flame retardants, and discloses a compound wood flame retardant which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-23% of dicyandiamide, 11-16% of boric acid, 2-4% of triethanolamine, 35-45% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 12-16% of zinc borate and 3-7% of magnesium hydroxide. The wood flame retardant has the advantages of synergistic effect among the components, decomposition and heat absorption, good flame-retardant and smoke-suppression effect on wood, low hygroscopicity, strong permeability and easy preparation. The veneer treated by the wood fire retardant can meet the requirements of national standard (GB 8624 and 2012 building materials and products in combustion performance grading) on fire resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wood flame retardants, in particular to a compound wood flame retardant.
Background
The wood is one of four building materials (steel bars, concrete, plastics and wood), has natural textures, gives people a beautiful feeling, is non-toxic and harmless, and is a well-known renewable green environment-friendly material. The wood and the products thereof are popular with people with the unique charm of the natural materials, and wood furniture, wood doors and windows, wood floors and various wood products with excellent texture and beautiful appearance enter every family, so that the life is beautified, the grade is improved, the wood and the products thereof gradually become the fashion pursued by people, and the demand of the market for the wood is on the rising trend year by year. But wood is also a material that is easily combustible and has a fire hazard. For this reason, wood materials must be subjected to flame retardant treatment to reduce the risk of fire.
The wood material mainly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, an extract and the like. Because wood cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin belong to high molecular compounds, wood is a high molecular complex, can perform a crosslinking reaction and a thermal degradation reaction, and can perform esterification, etherification, oxidation and halogenation reactions.
When wood is in contact with fire, firstly, water is separated out; when the temperature is 110 ℃, the wood evaporates a little resin; when the temperature reaches 130 ℃, cellulose in the wood is decomposed, and noncombustible gas and water vapor are generated; when the temperature reaches 220-250 ℃, the wood begins to change color and carbonize, and the main product is H2CO and hydrocarbons; when the temperature reaches above 300 ℃, violent thermal decomposition occurs, and a large amount of combustible gas is separated out, so that the wood starts to burn; at the temperature of 400 ℃ and 600 ℃, the wood components are completely decomposed, and the combustion is more vigorous. The highest temperature generated by burning the wood can reach 1150-1200 ℃.
The wood fire retardants are various and the classification methods are also various. They are classified into organic flame retardants and inorganic flame retardants according to the type of compound. Organic flame retardants are not advocated for use because they emit a large amount of toxic gases when burned and are expensive; the most widely used inorganic flame retardant has the advantages of wide sources, low price, no toxicity, environmental protection and the like, but the anti-loss performance of the inorganic flame retardant needs to be improved.
Because of its own characteristics, wood is easy to burn and cause dense smoke, so that it is necessary to make fire-retardant and smoke-inhibiting treatment to reduce fire hazard. Some wood fire retardants are accompanied by dense smoke during combustion, which pollutes the environment and human health.
The invention with application number of 200810036181.8 discloses a wood flame retardant and a wood veneer flame retardant treatment process, wherein the wood flame retardant is prepared from 8-12% of borax, 8-12% of boric acid, 8-12% of dicyandiamide, 33-38% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and 33-38% of ammonium sulfate, so that the wood has certain flame retardant performance, but the ammonium sulfate is contained in the raw materials of the flame retardant, and the yield of toxic gas in the combustion process is increased.
The invention patent application with the application number of 201910004592.7 discloses a composite wood fire retardant, which adopts a wood fire retardant with the raw materials of ammonium polyphosphate, dicyandiamide, boric acid, phosphoric acid, water-based silicone oil, pentaerythritol, triethanolamine, borax, sodium molybdate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and has complex raw materials and non-ideal fire retardant and smoke suppression effects.
The invention patent with application number 200910302388.X discloses a flame retardant, a flame-retardant fiberboard and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the flame retardant comprises compounds containing phosphorus, nitrogen, boron, amine, metal, silicon and aldehyde, the raw materials are complex, and the raw materials contain aldehyde compounds, so that toxic gases such as formaldehyde and the like can be generated in the combustion process, and the environment and the human health are polluted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a compound wood flame retardant which solves the problems of toxicity, dense smoke and the like of the flame retardant, has low hygroscopicity, strong permeability and simple preparation, and can ensure that wood achieves the fireproof performance.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the compound wood flame retardant is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 15-23% of dicyandiamide, 11-16% of boric acid, 2-4% of triethanolamine, 35-45% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 12-16% of zinc borate and 3-7% of magnesium hydroxide (technical scheme 1).
Preferably, the flame retardant consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 18-22% of dicyandiamide, 13-15% of boric acid, 2-4% of triethanolamine, 42-44% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 13-16% of zinc borate and 5-7% of magnesium hydroxide (technical scheme 2).
Preferably, the flame retardant consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of dicyandiamide, 14% of boric acid, 3% of triethanolamine and 43% of diammonium phosphate. 14% of zinc borate and 6% of magnesium hydroxide (technical scheme 3).
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the compound wood fire retardant.
The invention also aims to provide a wood veneer flame-retardant treatment process, which comprises the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank; B. preparing a flame retardant according to any one of the mixture ratios of the technical schemes 1 to 3, dissolving the flame retardant in water to prepare 15 to 25 percent solution, injecting the solution into a treatment tank, and soaking the solution for 3 to 9 hours at the temperature of between 50 and 70 ℃; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
Preferably, the wood veneer flame retardant treatment process comprises the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank; B. preparing a flame retardant according to any one of the mixture ratios of the technical schemes 1 to 3, dissolving the flame retardant in water to prepare a 25% solution, injecting the solution into a treatment tank, and soaking the solution for 3 hours at 70 ℃; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
The invention also aims to provide a compression-treated wood veneer flame-retardant treatment process, which comprises the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank, pumping the treatment tank to a vacuum degree of 0.09-0.1MPa, and keeping for 15-30 minutes; B. preparing a flame retardant according to any one of the mixture ratios of the technical schemes 1 to 3, dissolving the flame retardant in water to prepare 15 to 25 percent solution, injecting the solution into a treatment tank, keeping the solution for 50 to 70 minutes under the pressure of 0.18 to 0.25MPa, and discharging the solution; C. pumping the treatment tank to a vacuum degree of 0.09-0.1MPa, and keeping for 20-30 minutes; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
Preferably, the wood veneer flame retardant treatment process comprises the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank, pumping the treatment tank to a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa, and keeping for 30 minutes; B. preparing a flame retardant according to any one of the mixture ratios of the technical schemes 1 to 3, dissolving the flame retardant in water to prepare a 25% solution, injecting the solution into a treatment tank, keeping the solution for 50 minutes under the pressure of 0.2MPa, and discharging the solution; C. pumping the treatment tank to a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa, and keeping for 20 minutes; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
The thickness of the wood veneer is 0.55-6.00 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the compound wood flame retardant is prepared by compounding multiple components, has a synergistic effect among the components, is decomposed to absorb heat, is low in hygroscopicity and strong in permeability, and has a good flame-retardant and smoke-suppression effect on wood.
(2) The wood fire retardant disclosed by the invention is easy to prepare, and the fire resistance of the veneer treated by the wood fire retardant disclosed by the invention can meet the requirements of national standards (GB 8624-.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Experimental example 1 selection of treatment solution concentration, immersion time, and treatment solution temperature
1. Purpose of the experiment: selecting the concentration (5%, 15% and 25%), the dipping time (3h, 6h and 9h) and the temperature (30 ℃, 50 ℃ and 70 ℃) of the treatment liquid, carrying out an orthogonal test, comparing the drug loading rate and the oxygen index of the veneer, and selecting the optimal dipping treatment process.
The flame retardant source is as follows: ASD flame retardant (Shanghai Dai different Wood science and technology Co., Ltd.), nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardant- -nitrogen-phosphorus halogen-free flame retardant (Henan Sen far science and technology Co., Ltd.), and the compound flame retardant described in example 1.
2. The experimental steps are as follows:
A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank;
B. dissolving the flame retardant in water to prepare 15-25% solution, injecting the solution into a treatment tank, and soaking for 3-9h at 50-70 ℃; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
3. Results of the experiment
TABLE 1 visual comparison of drug loading and oxygen index for orthogonal experiments
As can be seen from Table 1, the primary and secondary sequences affecting the single-plate drug loading rate and oxygen index are treatment solution concentration, treatment solution temperature and immersion time.
The single-plate drug-loading rate is highest when the concentration of the treatment solution is 25%, the dipping time is 3 hours and the temperature of the treatment solution is 70 ℃. When the concentration of the treatment fluid is 25%, the drug loading rate of the veneer can reach more than 10%, and the veneer is superior to a nitrogen-phosphorus halogen-free flame retardant and slightly lower than an ASD flame retardant.
The oxygen index content of the single board is the highest and reaches 57.8 percent when the concentration of the treatment solution is 25 percent, the dipping time is 3 hours and the temperature of the treatment solution is 70 ℃, and B can be reached1The requirements of the grade plate. When the concentration of the treatment liquid is 25%, the oxygen index of the veneer can reach more than 50%; when the concentration of the treatment liquid is 15%, the oxygen index of the veneer can reach more than 40%. The effect is better than nitrogen phosphorus halogen-free flame retardant and ASD flame retardant.
Example 1
A compound wood flame retardant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of dicyandiamide, 14% of boric acid, 3% of triethanolamine, 43% of diammonium phosphate, 14% of zinc borate and 6% of magnesium hydroxide.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the compound wood fire retardant.
Example 2
A compound wood flame retardant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 19% of dicyandiamide, 16% of boric acid, 2% of triethanolamine, 45% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 15% of zinc borate and 3% of magnesium hydroxide.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the compound wood fire retardant.
Example 3
A compound wood flame retardant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 21% of dicyandiamide, 15% of boric acid, 4% of triethanolamine, 40% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 15% of zinc borate and 5% of magnesium hydroxide.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the compound wood fire retardant.
Example 4
A compound wood flame retardant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 23% of dicyandiamide, 11% of boric acid, 3% of triethanolamine, 43% of diammonium phosphate, 14% of zinc borate and 6% of magnesium hydroxide.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the compound wood fire retardant.
Example 5
A compound wood flame retardant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18% of dicyandiamide, 14% of boric acid, 3% of triethanolamine, 43% of diammonium phosphate, 15% of zinc borate and 7% of magnesium hydroxide.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the compound wood fire retardant.
Example 6
A compound wood flame retardant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 23% of dicyandiamide, 14% of boric acid, 4% of triethanolamine, 40% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 12% of zinc borate and 7% of magnesium hydroxide.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the compound wood fire retardant.
Example 7
A compound wood flame retardant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 17% of dicyandiamide, 14% of boric acid, 3% of triethanolamine, 44% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 16% of zinc borate and 6% of magnesium hydroxide.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the compound wood fire retardant.
Example 8
A compound wood flame retardant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 22% of dicyandiamide, 16% of boric acid, 4% of triethanolamine, 35% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 16% of zinc borate and 7% of magnesium hydroxide.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the compound wood fire retardant.
Example 9
A compound wood flame retardant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15% of dicyandiamide, 16% of boric acid, 4% of triethanolamine, 42% of diammonium phosphate, 16% of zinc borate and 7% of magnesium hydroxide.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the compound wood fire retardant.
Example 10
The wood veneer flame-retardant treatment process comprises the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank; B. dissolving the compound wood fire retardant prepared in the embodiment 1 in water to prepare a 25% solution, injecting the solution into a treatment tank, and soaking for 3 hours at 70 ℃; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
Example 11
The wood veneer flame-retardant treatment process comprises the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank; B. dissolving the compound wood fire retardant prepared in the embodiment 2 in water to prepare 15% solution, injecting the solution into a treatment tank, and soaking for 9 hours at 50 ℃; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
Example 12
The wood veneer flame-retardant treatment process comprises the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank; B. dissolving the compound wood fire retardant prepared in the embodiment 3 in water to prepare a 20% solution, injecting the solution into a treatment tank, and soaking for 6 hours at 60 ℃; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
Example 13
The wood veneer flame-retardant treatment process comprises the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank, pumping the treatment tank to a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa, and keeping for 30 minutes; B. dissolving the compound wood fire retardant prepared in the embodiment 4 in water to prepare a 25% solution, injecting the solution into a treatment tank, keeping the solution for 50 minutes under the pressure of 0.2MPa, and discharging the solution; C. pumping the treatment tank to a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa, and keeping for 20 minutes; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
Comparative example 1
The wood flame retardant consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of borax, 12% of boric acid, 12% of dicyandiamide, 33% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and 35% of ammonium sulfate.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the wood fire retardant.
Comparative example 2
A compound wood flame retardant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of borax, 12% of dicyandiamide, 33% of diammonium phosphate and 35% of triethanolamine.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the wood fire retardant.
Comparative example 3
A wood fire retardant consists of the following components: 1 part by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 2 parts by weight of dicyandiamide, 8 parts by weight of boric acid, 2 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 5 parts by weight of water-based silicone oil, 2 parts by weight of pentaerythritol, 8 parts by weight of triethanolamine, 1 part by weight of borax, 7 parts by weight of sodium molybdate and 6 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the wood fire retardant.
Comparative example 4
A compound wood fire retardant comprises the following components: 1 part by weight of ethanolamine, 7.5 parts by weight of boric acid, 5 parts by weight of borax, 40 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 10 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide, 40 parts by weight of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.35 part by weight of silicic acid and 0.4 part by weight of formaldehyde.
The components are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to prepare the wood fire retardant.
The wood veneers were treated with the flame retardants of examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-4 according to the treatment process of example 10, and the drug loading rate and the oxygen index of the veneers were compared, with the following results:
TABLE 2 drug Loading and oxygen index comparisons of examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-4
The test result shows that: the oxygen indexes of the veneers treated by the flame retardant in the examples 1-9 reach more than 55 percent, which is obviously higher than those of the veneers treated by the comparative examples 1-4; the single board drug loading rates of the flame retardant treatments in examples 1-9 were all above 10%, which is also higher than those of comparative examples 1-4.
The test of the combustion performance of the single board treated by the flame retardant of the embodiment 1-9 of the invention comprises the following steps:
the combustion performance test is judged according to the standard GB8624-2012, each index of the test result meets the specified requirement of the flame-retardant material, and the combustibility of the material reaches GB8624-2012B1And (4) stages. The combustion performance test results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Combustion Performance test results
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. The compound wood flame retardant is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 15-23% of dicyandiamide, 11-16% of boric acid, 2-4% of triethanolamine, 35-45% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 12-16% of zinc borate and 3-7% of magnesium hydroxide.
2. The compound wood flame retardant according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 18-22% of dicyandiamide, 13-15% of boric acid, 2-4% of triethanolamine, 42-44% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 13-16% of zinc borate and 5-7% of magnesium hydroxide.
3. The compound wood flame retardant according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of dicyandiamide, 14% of boric acid, 3% of triethanolamine, 43% of diammonium phosphate, 14% of zinc borate and 6% of magnesium hydroxide.
4. A wood veneer flame-retardant treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank; B. preparing a flame retardant according to the proportion of any one of claims 1 to 3, dissolving in water to prepare 15 to 25 percent solution, injecting into a treatment tank, and soaking for 3 to 9 hours at 50 to 70 ℃; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
5. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank; B. preparing a flame retardant according to the proportion of any one of claims 1 to 3, dissolving in water to prepare a 25% solution, injecting into a treatment tank, and soaking at 70 ℃ for 3 hours; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
6. A wood veneer flame-retardant treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank, pumping the treatment tank to a vacuum degree of 0.09-0.1MPa, and keeping for 15-30 minutes; B. preparing a flame retardant according to the proportion of any one of claims 1 to 3, dissolving in water to prepare 15 to 25 percent solution, injecting into a treatment tank, keeping the solution for 50 to 70 minutes under the pressure of 0.18 to 0.25MPa, and discharging the solution; C. pumping the treatment tank to a vacuum degree of 0.09-0.1MPa, and keeping for 20-30 minutes; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
7. The process according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: A. placing the wood veneer in a treatment tank, pumping the treatment tank to a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa, and keeping for 30 minutes; B. preparing a flame retardant according to the proportion of any one of claims 1 to 3, dissolving in water to prepare a 25% solution, injecting into a treatment tank, keeping the pressure of 0.2MPa for 50 minutes, and discharging the solution; C. pumping the treatment tank to a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa, and keeping for 20 minutes; and obtaining the flame-retardant wood veneer.
8. The process according to claim 4 or 6, wherein the wood veneer has a thickness of 0.55-6.00 mm.
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