CN112261956A - 功能性伤口敷料 - Google Patents
功能性伤口敷料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112261956A CN112261956A CN201980032518.4A CN201980032518A CN112261956A CN 112261956 A CN112261956 A CN 112261956A CN 201980032518 A CN201980032518 A CN 201980032518A CN 112261956 A CN112261956 A CN 112261956A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogel
- based hydrogel
- wound dressing
- acid
- wound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种功能性伤口敷料,该功能性伤口敷料能够检测和指示伤口的状态,特别是关于感染,例如由细菌比如金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌产生的毒素造成的感染。本发明的伤口敷料可用于湿性伤口愈合,并且含有能够吸收来自伤口的伤口渗出物并向伤口提供水分的物质。
Description
本发明涉及一种功能性伤口敷料,该功能性伤口敷料能够检测和指示伤口的状态,特别是关于感染,例如由细菌(比如金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa))产生的毒素造成的感染。本发明的伤口敷料可用于湿性伤口愈合,并且含有能够吸收来自伤口的伤口渗出物并向伤口提供水分的物质。
伤口可被视为皮肤组织的连续性的分离,其中这可能与物质损失相结合。
伤口的愈合是基于皮肤使组织(比如上皮组织、结缔组织和支持组织)再生的能力。组织的再生是相互重叠的细胞活动的复杂发生,其中所述细胞活动逐步促进愈合过程。伤口渗出物的积聚可能促进细菌的生长,伤口渗出物可能包含尤其血液、蛋白质、细胞残余物、微生物和白细胞。此类细菌可以是例如存在于皮肤上或广泛分布于湿性环境中的金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌。这些细菌造成感染并且因此延迟伤口的愈合。考虑到这一点并且为了通过适当的处理或治疗来改善伤口愈合,应该检测关于感染等级的伤口状态,越早越好。
WO 2013/104876以及Thet N.T.等人:“Prototype Development of theIntelligent Hydrogel Wound Dressing and Its Efficacy in the Detection ofModel Pathogenetic Wound Biofilms[智能水凝胶伤口敷料的原型开发及其在模型致病性伤口生物膜检测中的功效]”,ACS Appl.Mater Interfaces[美国化学学会应用材料与界面],2016,8(24)第14909-14919页描述了脂质囊泡的用途。所述脂质囊泡含有荧光染料,该荧光染料在与毒素接触时从囊泡中释放,该毒素例如由细菌(比如金黄色葡萄球菌和/或铜绿假单胞菌)产生,其中所释放的染料能够通过其荧光被检测到。另外,所述文献描述了在琼脂糖凝胶基质中使用脂质囊泡的伤口敷料。琼脂糖是由琼脂二糖的重复单元组成的多糖,该琼脂二糖是D-半乳糖和3,6-脱水-L-吡喃半乳糖(3,6-anhydro-L-galactopyranose)的二糖。据报道,琼脂糖凝胶以几乎完全水合的形式存在(99%),其允许向伤口提供水,并且从而保持伤口湿润。转而,琼脂糖凝胶似乎是可改善的,只要关注来自伤口的流体比如渗出物的摄取。另外,上述文献中描述的伤口敷料具有乳状-混浊的(milky-cloudy)外观,并且因此在透明度方面似乎是可改善的。透明度将允许容易肉眼观察荧光,并且因此指示细菌的存在和/或伤口愈合的状态。另外,据报道,琼脂糖对通常用于消毒伤口敷料的辐射是不稳定的。因此,辐射消毒可能损害或甚至崩解这样的伤口敷料。
因此,对于能够保持伤口湿润而同时吸收液体比如来自伤口的渗出物的伤口敷料仍然存在需求,其中伤口敷料还允许容易肉眼观察伤口状态以及常见的经由辐射的消毒。
因此,本发明的目的是提供克服上述缺点。
具体地,本发明的目的是提供具有湿度调节性质的伤口敷料。特别地,伤口敷料不仅应该向伤口提供湿度以使其保持湿润,而且还应吸收(除去)在伤口中产生的抑制愈合过程的渗出物。另外,伤口敷料应该允许容易肉眼检测由毒素造成的感染,该毒素由细菌比如金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌等产生。有关于此,应确保荧光染料的释放只是由细菌造成的毒素造成的,而不是由伤口敷料本身的化合物造成的。此外,伤口敷料应在常见的消毒条件(比如经由辐射进行消毒的条件)下维持其完整性。
发明内容
本发明通过新的伤口敷料出乎意料地解决了上述目的,该伤口敷料包括选择的水凝胶和含有荧光染料的载体,其中该水凝胶包含缓冲剂,其中该缓冲剂物质在37℃被溶解在脱矿质水中之后形成具有6.0至9.0的pH值的缓冲剂溶液。
因此,本发明的主题是一种伤口敷料,该伤口敷料包括:
a)水凝胶,该水凝胶选自基于淀粉的水凝胶、基于右旋糖酐的水凝胶、基于环氧烷烃的水凝胶、基于纤维素的水凝胶、基于果胶的水凝胶、基于海藻酸盐的水凝胶、基于壳聚糖的水凝胶、基于透明质酸的水凝胶、基于结冷胶的、基于多肽的水凝胶、基于聚环氧烷烃的水凝胶、基于聚(甲基丙烯酸酯)的水凝胶(poly(methacrylate)-based hydrogel)、基于聚(烷基(甲基丙烯酸酯)的水凝胶(poly(alkyl(methacrylate)-based hydrogel)、基于聚(乙基丙烯酸酯)的水凝胶(poly(ethacrylate)-based hydrogel)、基于乙烯基聚合物的水凝胶、基于聚己内酰胺和聚己内酯的水凝胶、基于聚氨酯的水凝胶、基于聚脲的水凝胶、基于聚氨酯-聚脲共聚物的水凝胶以及它们的混合物;以及
b)载体,该载体含有荧光染料,
其中该水凝胶包含缓冲剂,其中缓冲剂物质在37℃被溶解在脱矿质水中之后形成具有6.0至9.0的pH值的缓冲剂溶液。
具体实施方式
本发明的伤口敷料包括选择的水凝胶。根据本申请,水凝胶是指合成的或天然的聚合物材料,优选地亲水性的合成的或天然的聚合物材料,该聚合物材料能够在液体、优选地水中进行凝胶形成。合成的或天然的聚合物材料可以被认为是基质或水凝胶基质。
本发明的组合物所包括的选择的水凝胶可以优选地基于选自以下各项的天然的聚合物材料:淀粉、右旋糖酐、果胶、海藻酸盐、壳聚糖、透明质酸、结冷胶、多肽和纤维素。任选地,天然的聚合物材料可以被进一步加工,例如通过化学衍生化,比如形成酯和醚或药学上可接受的盐。
淀粉是含有大量通过糖苷键连接的α-D-葡萄糖单元的多糖。淀粉可以由mot植物产生并且用作能量储存。淀粉被认为不溶于冷水(23℃)但能够通过物理地结合多倍的水(相比于其自身的重量)放热地溶胀。
右旋糖酐是仅含有葡萄糖单元的复杂的支链多糖,其中链具有由凝胶渗透色谱法确定的从10.000至50.000.000道尔顿的不同的数均分子量。直链由通过α-1,6糖苷键结合的葡萄糖分子组成,而支链以α-1,3键开始。在与水接触后,右旋糖酐形成高度粘稠的液体(凝胶)。
果胶是从植物比如柑橘类水果可获得的植物结构多糖。果胶是主要含有由α-1,6糖苷基连接的D-半乳糖醛酸单元的多糖(更准确地多糖醛酸苷(polyuronide))。果胶中的半乳糖醛酸的所有羧基残基、仅一部分羧基残基或没有羧基残基可以以酯化的形式存在,例如甲酯或乙酯。
海藻酸盐含有(1-4)连接的β-D-甘露糖醛酸盐和α-L-古罗糖醛酸盐(G)残基的均聚物嵌段(分别以不同的顺序或嵌段共价连接在一起)的多糖。海藻酸盐可以以其盐比如碱金属盐或碱土金属盐的形式存在,或以酯化的形式比如以烷基酯、优选地甲酯的形式存在。海藻酸盐能够快速地吸收水以形成水凝胶。因此,海藻酸盐可以用作胶凝剂。
壳聚糖是含有随机分布的β-(1,4)连接的D-葡萄糖胺单元(脱乙酰化的单元)和N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺单元的线性生物聚合物(多糖),其中聚合物链优选地含有更多的D-葡萄糖胺单元(相比于N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺单元)。壳聚糖可以通过脱乙酰化(酶促地或经由碱性化合物比如氢氧化钠)从壳质获得。
透明质酸是结缔组织的重要组成部分。透明质酸是含有二糖作为重复单元的聚合物,其中链包含250至50.000个二糖单元。所述二糖包含经由β-(1,3)糖苷键结合的D-葡萄糖醛酸和N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺。透明质酸可以以其盐的形式存在,比如碱金属盐或碱土金属盐,具体地以钠盐或钾盐的形式。
结冷胶(gellan)(也被称为结冷胶(gellan gum))是经由被称为伊乐藻假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas Elodea)的细菌对碳水化合物发酵获得的阴离子型多糖。结冷胶是含有四糖作为重复单元的聚合物,其中链包含250至50.000个四糖单元。所述四糖单元包含按以下顺序的两个D-葡萄糖残基、一个L-鼠李糖残基和一个D-葡萄糖醛酸残基:D-葡萄糖-D-葡萄糖醛酸-D-葡萄糖-L-鼠李糖。D-葡萄糖残基的一部分可以用乙酸和/或甘油酸酯化。另外,D-葡萄糖醛酸残基可以以盐的形式存在,优选地以钾盐、钠盐、镁盐和钙盐的形式存在。
多肽是连接在一起的氨基酸的链,其中单个多肽链可以构成简单蛋白质的整个一级结构。当两个或更多个多肽连接在一起时形成更复杂的蛋白质。多肽可以是天然存在的或经由肽合成例如经由梅里菲尔德(Merrifield)合成法获得的。
基于纤维素的水凝胶是基于纤维素的水凝胶和/或其衍生物。纤维素是含有几百至几千个β(1→4)-连接的D-葡萄糖单元的直链的多糖。在本申请中纤维素衍生物是例如纤维素醚和纤维素酯以及它们的盐。纤维素醚的实例是羟基烷基纤维素,具体地羟基C1-6-烷基纤维素,比如羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟异丙基纤维素和羟丁基纤维素,优选地羟甲基纤维素和/或羟乙基纤维素。纤维素酯的实例是羧基烷基纤维素,具体地羧基C1-6-烷基纤维素,比如羧甲基纤维素、羧乙基纤维素、羧丙基纤维素、羧丁基纤维素和/或它们的盐。优选的是羧甲基纤维素和羧乙基纤维素以及它们的盐,具体地钠盐。另外,可以使用上述化合物的混合物。纤维素和/或其衍生物的数均分子量是用凝胶渗透色谱法确定的1.000g/mol至250.000g/mol,优选地5.000g/mol至175.000g/mol,具体地10.000g/mol至100.000g/mol。
本发明的组合物所包含的选择的水凝胶可以优选地基于合成聚合物材料,选自基于聚环氧烷烃的水凝胶、基于聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯的水凝胶、基于聚(乙基)丙烯酸酯的水凝胶、基于聚烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯的水凝胶、基于聚烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯的水凝胶、基于乙烯基聚合物的水凝胶、基于聚己内酰胺和聚己内酯的水凝胶、基于聚氨酯的水凝胶、基于聚脲的水凝胶和基于聚氨酯-聚脲共聚物的水凝胶。
在优选的实施例中,合成的聚合物材料具有2.500至250.000.000g/mol、优选地5.000至5.000.000g/mol、具体地50.000至1.000.000g/mol的数均分子量。
聚环氧烷烃是可以由式H-(O-A)n-OH表示的化合物,其中A是亚烷基基团,优选地包含2至6个碳原子、具体地2或3个碳原子的直链烷基基团。优选的聚环氧烷烃是聚环氧乙烷(也被称为聚乙二醇)、聚环氧丙烷(也被称为聚丙二醇)以及聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧丙烷的共聚物。
聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯和聚(乙基)丙烯酸酯分别是通过对应的酸即(甲基)丙烯酸和乙基(丙烯)酸的聚合获得的聚合物。聚烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯和聚烷基(乙基)丙烯酸酯分别是前述(甲基)丙烯酸和(乙基)丙烯酸的烷基酯,优选地具有1至6个碳原子的烷基酯,具体地甲酯或乙酯。
乙烯基聚合物是衍生自含有乙烯基基团的化合物的聚合物,其中乙烯基基团可以是被取代的或未被取代的,优选地被取代的。取代基可以是芳香族基团,比如苯;烷基基团,优选地C1至C6烷基基团;或其他取代基,比如卤素、羟基和腈。特别优选的是聚乙烯醇。
聚己内酰胺和聚己内酯是对应的己内酰胺和己内酯的聚合物。己内酰胺和己内酯可以是被取代的,例如被如上文所述的取代基取代;或未被取代的;优选地未被取代的。
聚脲是由下式表示的聚合物:
-[-NH-R-NH-(C=O)-NH-R'-NH-(C=O)-]n
其中R和R’是脂肪族残基或芳香族残基。
聚氨酯(PUR和PU)是由有机单元组成的聚合物,该有机单元由氨基甲酸酯(urethane)(氨基甲酸酯(carbamate))连接物连接。聚氨酯由下式表示:
[-(C=O)-NH-R-NH-(C=O)-O-R'-O)-]n
其中R和R’是脂肪族残基或芳香族残基。
在本发明的特别优选的实施例中,本发明的组合物所包含的选择的水凝胶是基于聚氨酯-聚脲共聚物的水凝胶。聚氨酯-聚脲共聚物可以优选地通过使包含具有至少两个异氰酸酯末端基团的预聚物、二胺和多元醇的混合物反应来获得。
优选的是,具有至少两个异氰酸酯末端基团的预聚物具有两个至四个异氰酸酯末端基团,具体地两个异氰酸酯末端基团。进一步优选的是,具有至少两个异氰酸酯末端基团的预聚物是具有至少两个异氰酸酯末端基团的脂肪族预聚物。在特别优选的实施例中,具有至少两个异氰酸酯末端基团的预聚物是具有两个异佛尔酮氰酸酯末端基团的预聚物。具有至少两个异氰酸酯末端基团的预聚物可以优选地以基于混合物的总重量的5至20wt.%、优选地6至18wt.%、具体地8至16wt.%的量存在于混合物中。
混合物中所包含的二胺可以优选地是脂肪族二胺。更优选的是,二胺是基于环氧烷烃的二胺。基于环氧烷烃的二胺是羟基末端基团被取代为胺基团的环氧烷烃。基于环氧烷烃的二胺也可以被称为聚醚胺。优选的是,亚烷基是具有1至6个碳原子、优选地1至4个碳原子的亚烷基。特别优选的是亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基以及它们的混合物,特别是亚乙基和亚丙基的混合物。二胺可以优选地以基于混合物的总重量的5至70wt.%的量存在于混合物中,条件是(预聚物的)异氰酸酯基团与(二胺的)氨基基团的比为1.15至1.45、优选地1.20至1.40、具体地1.25至1.35。
多元醇优选地包括二醇、三醇、四醇、五醇和六醇以及它们的混合物,更优选地二醇、三醇、六醇以及它们的混合物。具体地,多元醇可以选自二醇(特别是乙二醇和丙二醇)、山梨醇和甘油以及它们的混合物。多元醇可以优选地以基于混合物的总重量的5至50wt.%、优选地10至45wt.%、具体地15至40wt.%的量存在。多元醇是优良的保湿剂,并且因此为伤口周围的皮肤提供滋养组分。
另外,混合物可以优选地包含无机盐。无机盐包括优选地无机卤化物,具体地氯化物。另外,无机盐是碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。实例是氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化镁和氯化钙。在特别优选的实施例中无机盐是氯化钠。无机盐可以优选地以基于混合物的总重量的0至5wt.%、更优选地0.5至3wt.%、具体地约1wt.%的量存在于混合物中。
如上所述,聚合物材料可以被认为是基质或水凝胶基质,具体地干燥的水凝胶基质。目前选择的水凝胶基质可以吸收水,并且因此随后被认为是具体选择的基于聚合物材料的水凝胶。对应的水凝胶特别适合于储存水并且然后将水递送至伤口以维持伤口湿润。
在优选的实施例中,本发明的水凝胶含有至少20wt.%、优选地至少30wt.%、更优选地至少40wt.%、具体地至少50wt.%的水,其中水凝胶优选地含有最多90wt.%、更优选地最多80wt.%的水。因此,可以提供伤口系统,该伤口系统一方面能够提供水以维持伤口足够湿润以便于自然伤口愈合并且另一方面能够吸收不期望的流体比如来自伤口的渗出物。
根据本申请,水凝胶中所含有的水的量应该经由DIN EN 14079验证,其中水的量计算如下:
其中
Ww=基于水凝胶的总重量的以%的水的重量,
Wg=水凝胶的重量
Wt=水凝胶的“干燥组分”(对应于水凝胶基质)的重量。
在本发明的上下文中,水的量应该被认为是理论上能够从水凝胶中释放出的水。相反地,共价结合的水不应该被认为属于上述水的量。
在本发明的优选的实施例中,水凝胶是基于聚氨酯的水凝胶,更优选地基于聚氨酯-聚脲共聚物的水凝胶。在优选的实施例中,水凝胶可以包含至少20wt.%的水和至少10wt.%的聚氨酯-聚脲共聚物。替代的水凝胶包含至少20wt.%的水和至少15wt.%的聚氨酯-聚脲共聚物。
另外,优选的是,聚合物合成材料(水凝胶基质)由6至60wt.%的具有脂肪族二异氰酸酯基团的预聚物、4至40wt.%的基于聚环氧乙烷的聚胺、至少一种盐和至少20wt.%的水形成,该盐选自氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化镁、氯化钙或它们的混合物。
替代地,优选的是,聚合物合成材料(水凝胶基质)由6至30wt.%的具有脂肪族二异氰酸酯末端基团的预聚物、4至20wt.%的基于聚环氧乙烷的聚胺、至少一种盐和至少30wt.%的水形成,该盐选自氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化镁、氯化钙或它们的混合物。
具体地,优选的是,聚合物合成材料(水凝胶基质)由6至20wt.%的具有两个异佛尔酮氰酸酯末端基团的预聚物、4至15wt.%的基于聚环氧乙烷的聚胺、0.5至15wt.%的盐和至少40wt.%的水形成,该盐选自氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化镁、氯化钙或它们的混合物。
在优选的实施例中,水凝胶具有0.1至5.0mm、更优选地0.3至4.0mm、具体地0.5至3.0mm的厚度。
本发明的伤口敷料所包括的水凝胶包含缓冲剂,其中该缓冲剂物质在溶解于脱矿质水中之后形成具有6.0至9.0、优选地6.2至8.8、更优选地6.4至8.6以及具体地6.6至8.4的pH值的缓冲剂溶液。
如在本发明中使用的术语缓冲剂物质指的是化学物质的混合物,其pH值在加入碱性或酸性化合物时不会像在无缓冲系统中那样变化大。一般地,缓冲系统的效果是基于在加入氧鎓离子或氢氧根离子后形成对应的弱碱或弱酸。所获得的弱碱或弱酸仅仅示出较小的解离倾向,使得其对氧鎓离子或氢氧根离子的浓度仅仅贡献很小。
缓冲剂物质优选地是非毒性的、皮肤友好的并且生理学上无害的化合物。化合物的pH值在将所述化合物溶解在脱矿质水中之后由该化合物的质子迁移平衡产生。pH值可以通过亨德森-哈塞尔巴尔赫方程(Henderson-Hasselbalch equation)很好地近似计算。在根据本发明的伤口敷料中,对应的溶液的pH值(其由将缓冲剂物质溶解于脱矿质水中产生)没有被计算但是被测量。对于此类测量,将0.1mol的缓冲剂物质在37℃在搅拌下完全溶解于1升的脱矿质水中。所获得的缓冲剂溶液的pH值可以使用基于电位法的可商购的pH计测量,例如带有玻璃电极“Flushtrode”(Hamilton Messtechnik GmbH)的Labor-Daten-pH计CG841(SchottGmbH),其中pH计应在使用之前经由可商购的校准溶液来校准。
在根据本发明的伤口敷料中包含的缓冲剂物质的实例是磷酸二氢盐/磷酸盐缓冲剂、碳酸氢盐/碳酸盐缓冲剂、硫酸氢盐/硫酸盐缓冲剂、乳酸/乳酸盐、甘油酸/甘油酸盐、葡萄糖酸/葡萄糖酸盐、乙酸/乙酸盐、柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸/苯甲酸盐、乌头酸/乌头酸盐、戊二酸/戊二酸盐、酒石酸/酒石酸盐、锦葵/苹果酸盐、琥珀酸/琥珀酸盐和谷氨酸/谷氨酸盐以及基于碱性有机化合物(比如伯胺、仲胺或叔胺或它们的混合物)的缓冲剂。
在优选的实施例中,缓冲剂基于碱性有机化合物,更优选地缓冲剂包括4-(2-羟基乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸。4-(2-羟基乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸由以下的化学式表示:
在进一步优选的实施例中,水凝胶含有当在37℃溶解于脱矿质水中时形成呈现出小于6的pH值的溶液的物质、两亲性物质和/或醇(其量为0至10wt.%,优选地0.1至5wt.%,具体地0.2至2wt.%)。在特别优选的实施例中,这些物质的量尽可能小,具体地0。
当在37℃溶解于脱矿质水中时形成呈现出小于6的pH值的溶液的物质可以被认为是酸性物质。酸性物质的pH如上所述地确定。这些物质是例如有机酸比如乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、α-酮戊二酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸、琥珀酸、抗坏血酸、草酸、柠檬酸、和聚丙烯酸,以及烯醇化合物比如苯酚,以及脂肪酸比如辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、木蜡酸、虫蜡酸、亚油酸、肉豆蔻油酸、棕榈烯酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、芥酸、二十二碳六烯酸,以及氨基酸,具体地蛋白原氨基酸,比如L-丙氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-天冬酰胺、L-天冬氨酸、L-半胱氨酸、L-谷氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-甘氨酸、L-组氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-亮氨酸、L-赖氨酸、L-蛋氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-丝氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-酪氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-硒代半胱氨酸、L-吡咯赖氨酸,此外,它们的D-对映体和非蛋白原氨基酸。
两亲性化合物,通常也被称为表面活性剂,由非极性部分和极性部分组成。非极性部分可以是例如烷基链或烷基苯基基团。
两亲性化合物的极性部分可以由多种官能团组成,该官能团适合于将表面活性剂分为以下四类:阴离子型两亲性化合物、阳离子型两亲性化合物、两性离子型两亲性化合物以及非离子型两亲性化合物。特别优选的是具有例如一个或多于一个的羟基或醚基团或它们的组合的非离子型两亲性化合物。
非离子型两亲性化合物的实例是脂肪醇、聚氧化亚乙基二醇苯基醚、聚氧化亚丙基二醇烷基醚、葡萄糖苷烷基醚、聚氧化亚乙基二醇脱水山梨醇烷基酯、脱水山梨醇聚氧化亚乙基甘油酯、聚醚胺、聚氧化亚乙基山梨醇酯、聚氧化亚乙基脱水山梨醇酯、聚氧化亚乙基酯、甘油单酯、甘油二酯、聚乙烯基或它们的混合物。优选的是聚醚胺(也称为吉夫胺(Jeffamine))和聚乙二醇苯基醚比如聚乙二醇对-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-苯基醚(也称为曲拉通(Triton)X-100)。替代地,优选的是游离的吉夫胺。游离的吉夫胺可以被称为以其游离形式的吉夫胺;即,不是以酸加成盐或碱加成盐的形式,也没有结合到另外的分子。
醇是至少一个碳原子结合到羟基基团作为独特的官能团的有机化合物。醇可以是多元醇,优选地二醇或三醇,即,分别地两个或三个碳原子结合到羟基基团。在优选的实施例中,醇包含1至12个碳原子,优选地2至9个碳原子,更优选地3至6个碳原子。
醇的实例是甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、己醇、甘醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、己烷-1,6-二醇、山梨醇和甘油,具体地二乙二醇、二丙二醇和甘油。
根据本发明的伤口敷料包括含有荧光染料的载体。
载体可以被认为是向伤口敷料提供荧光染料的介质。载体优选地呈胶囊的形式,其中所述胶囊封装荧光染料并且其中所述胶囊确保所述染料直到胶囊与诸如毒素的物质接触后才从胶囊中释放,该毒素例如由细菌比如金黄色葡萄球菌和/或铜绿假单胞菌产生。进一步优选的是,只要染料完全封装在未损坏的胶囊中,就不能在染料的对应的激发波长下激发后在胶囊的外面检测到染料的色彩。
在优选的实施例中,载体是脂质体。脂质体可以被认为是囊泡,优选地由至少一种脂质双层形成的球形囊泡。
脂质可以用作细胞膜的结构组分、能量储库或信号传导分子。脂质可以被认为是大体上生物学来源的物质,其中脂质的至少一部分是非极性的并且因此可溶于非极性溶剂比如戊烷、己烷和苯。然而,大部分脂质是两亲性的,即,除了前述的非极性、疏水性部分,其还包括急性、亲水性部分,具体地亲水性末端基团。一般地,脂质可以分为以下各组:甘油三酯比如脂肪和油,蜡,鞘脂,脂多糖,脂肪酸,磷脂和类异戊二烯比如类固醇和类胡萝卜素。
在优选的实施例中,脂质体的脂质双层含有两种亲水性脂质比如鞘脂、脂肪酸、磷脂和类异戊二烯比如固醇。优选的是磷脂、固醇和10,12-二十三碳二炔酸。
磷脂是含有磷酸酯基团的脂质的组。由于其化学结构,磷脂包括两个组,即,甘油磷脂(也称为磷酸甘油酯,以甘油作为基础结构)和鞘磷脂(其为衍生自鞘氨醇的含磷的鞘脂)。
固醇(也称为类固醇(steroid alcohols))由以下的基础结构表示:
固醇可以例如由一些细菌产生并且最熟悉的类型是胆固醇,该胆固醇对于细胞膜结构是重要的并且用作脂溶性维生素和类固醇激素的前体。另外的实例是植物固醇比如菜油固醇、谷固醇和豆固醇,以及存在于真菌的细胞膜中的麦角固醇。
10,12-二十三碳二炔酸是具有23个碳原子和两个在10位和12位的三键的直链羧酸。
在优选的实施例中,脂质体包括:
a)1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(也称为DPPC)、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱、1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(也称为DPPE)、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺和10,12-二十三碳二炔酸(也称为TCDA)中的至少一种;以及
b)固醇。
更优选地,脂质体包括:
a)1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱、1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺和10,12-二十三碳二炔酸;以及
b)胆固醇。
在极性溶剂中,脂质双层优选地由两个脂质形成,该两个脂质被定向使得脂质的相应疏水性部分直接面对彼此并且相应的亲水性部分位于双层的远端。脂质双层和脂质体的示例性结构分别在图1和图2中示出。
结果表明,脂质体的脂质双层是由磷脂比如1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱和1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺形成的,并且10,12-二十三碳二炔酸和胆固醇增强了脂质体的稳定性。
如上所述,根据本发明的伤口敷料包括含有(封装)荧光染料的载体。
荧光染料是能够在激发后再发射光的荧光化学化合物。特别优选的是,用UV范围内的波长激发荧光染料,优选地100至380nm,更优选地200至300nm,具体地约250nm,尤其是254nm。进一步优选的是,再发射的光具有可见范围内的波长,优选地从400至750nm,更优选地从500nm至600nm,具体地约520nm,尤其是517nm。
荧光染料通常分组为诸如以下的类别:吖啶染料、菁染料、荧光酮染料、噁嗪染料、菲啶染料和罗丹明染料。优选的是荧光酮染料。
在本发明的优选的实施例中,荧光染料属于在氧杂蒽骨架处具有至少一个羟基基团的氧杂蒽的组。基于在氧杂蒽骨架处具有至少一个羟基基团的氧杂蒽体系的荧光染料是例如曙红类比如曙红B和曙红Y,以及荧光素染料比如6-羧基荧光素(也称为羧基荧光素)、2,7-二氯荧光素和荧光素。
在特别优选的实施例中,荧光染料是荧光素或羧基荧光素,尤其是羧基荧光素。
图3示出了荧光染料的示例性结构,该荧光染料以高浓度封装于载体的脂质双层中且在254nm处激发。如从所述图3可以看出的是,载体(脂质双层的未损坏的胶囊)没有释放荧光染料,并且因此不能检测到可见光。相反地,在存在细菌毒素的情况下,脂质双层被损坏,荧光染料可以从胶囊中释放出来,并且因此,荧光染料在水凝胶基质中发生稀释,可以被检测为可见光(参见图4)。
在本发明的优选的实施例中,本发明的伤口敷料所包括的具体选择的水凝胶和含有荧光染料的载体彼此连接,即它们之间没有另外的层。在一个实施例中,优选地将含有荧光染料的载体应用到具体选择的水凝胶上。在更优选的实施例中,将含有荧光染料的载体嵌入到具体选择的水凝胶中。嵌入可以指的是至少部分地被具体选择的水凝胶包围。例如,水凝胶可以具有凹槽,比如可以填充或并入含有荧光染料的载体的孔。
实验部分:
分析方法:
水凝胶的pH值的确定
为了确定制备的水凝胶的pH值,从水凝胶中冲孔出直径为35mm的样品并确定样品的起始重量。将样品与五倍量的脱矿质水一起转移到烧杯中,并用玻璃盖住。将样品在23℃(室温)下温育18小时,并且在该时段之后从样品中除去水凝胶,并确定剩余液体的pH值,一式三份。
确定水凝胶的吸收能力
现代伤口治疗的一个重要因素是创造和维持湿润的伤口环境,而且同时伤口渗出物被吸收和封装在伤口敷料中。为了在其吸收能力方面表征水凝胶,在不同的时间点评估摄取到水凝胶中的水的量。
在此上下文中,从凝胶中冲孔出尺寸为30mm x 30mm的样品,并确定其起始重量。然后,将样品放入烧杯中并且用120ml的脱矿质水覆盖。样品在室温下储存,并在不同的测试时间(t=2h、4h、6h、8h、24h、30h)从水中取出。然后,它们被放在纸巾上,每侧5秒,以消除多余的水,之后称重凝胶。
由于样品具有不同的起始重量,因此考虑重量增加[g],以获得较好的可比性。每个样品一式三份地检查。使用下式计算吸收能力:
WA=水吸收能力[g/g]
M0=样品的起始重量[g/g]
M1=在时间tx的样品重量[g/g]
确定水凝胶的解吸能力
通过维持湿润的伤口,伤口愈合过程受到积极影响。这就是为什么伤口敷料必须满足的众多要求之一是在延长的时间段内释放水分的能力。
通过测量水凝胶的解吸能力来测试这种性质。对于该测试,从凝胶中冲孔出尺寸为30mm x 30mm的样品,并确定其起始重量。然后,样品储存在温度为32℃和相对湿度为50%的气候柜中,直到每次测试时间结束。在测试时间(t=2h、4h、6h、8h、24h、30h),从气候柜中取出样品,并再次称重,以确定经过一段时间后的重量损失或水分损失。样品一式三份地检查。由于样品的不同的起始重量,为了获得较好的可比性,使用下式计算在不同时间的样品的重量比。
WD=水解吸能力[g/g]
M0=样品的起始重量[g/g]
M1=在时间tx的样品重量[g/g]
制备伤口敷料
1.1水凝胶
为了制备水凝胶,如下制备了两种单独的含水液体A和B。
含水液体A:
将氯化钠(6.24g;0.107mol)和2-(4-(2-羟基乙基)-1-哌嗪基)-乙烷磺酸(在已消毒的水中的1M HEPES;10g)添加到已消毒并且已脱矿质的水(990ml)中并且在23℃下搅拌5分钟以形成缓冲剂溶液1。将缓冲剂溶液1(767.5g)和Jeffamin混合物(50wt.%Jeffamin和50wt.%水;132.5g)在23℃下在搅拌下混合5分钟以形成含水液体A(900g)。
含水液体B:
水溶液B是在水中的脂肪族异氰酸酯预聚物(在水中的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,以来自Carpenter的Aquapol名称可购得;900g)。
水凝胶的制备由标准铸造设备B100(pilot casting plant)进行。将上述制备的含水液体A和B分别填充到铸造设备的两个筒中。为了确保准确的剂量和再现性,发动不在填充筒后12小时之前开始。通过这样做,可以防止例如由于泡沫造成的不准确。筒的内容物经由泵通过混合室中的不同管进行转移,其中将含水液体2与含水液体1的比调整为1.5:1。在混合室中,两种组分通过混合器搅拌并且发生反应。未完全聚合的水凝胶从混合室中释放并转移到培养皿(petri plate)中,在该培养皿处进行完全固化。
性质:
获得的水凝胶的pH值:8.45
获得的水凝胶的吸收能力:参见图5
获得的水凝胶的解吸能力:参见图6
从图5和图6可以看出,大部分水吸收和解吸发生在前8小时期间;即,本发明的水凝胶能够保持伤口湿润并且吸收伤口渗出物。
1.2含有荧光染料的载体
对于载体系统,制备1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(DPPC)、1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(DPPE)、10,12-二十三碳二炔酸(TCDA)和胆固醇在氯仿中的浓度为100mM的储备溶液。
脂质膜:
将2120μl DPPC储备溶液、80μl DPPE储备溶液、1000μl TCDA储备溶液和800μl胆固醇储备溶液在容器中在搅拌下混合5分钟。在经由氮气气体处理除去氯仿后,得到脂质膜。为了完全除去氯仿,将所得产物在150毫巴下在真空干燥器中干燥60分钟。
荧光染料溶液
向羧基荧光素(1877mg)、氯化钠(58mg)和氢氧化钠(540mg)添加在水中的无菌过滤的HEPES缓冲剂溶液(0.01M),以获得100ml荧光染料溶液。
将上述获得的脂质膜在70℃下在搅拌下溶解于20ml的荧光染料溶液中持续10分钟。脂质混合物在液氮中冷冻并且在70C解冻。在进行三次冷冻-解冻循环后,混合物由挤出机(Avestin的LiposoFast LF-50)在50℃和20巴的压力下挤出,随后对混合物进行三次挤出操作。以HEPES溶液(0.01M)为洗脱剂,经由Sephadex柱纯化由载体封装的羧基荧光素,其中封装的荧光素颗粒比未封装的荧光素更快地通过柱,以得到含有(封装)羧基荧光素的脂质体。在UV交联之前,脂质体在4C下储存多达120小时。然后,将脂质体转移至石英UV比色皿中并且在UV-C光下在90Wcm-2的总剂量下交联。
1.3伤口敷料
为了产生具有所示性质的伤口敷料,将脂质体整合到水凝胶中,如下。
将仍然流体的水凝胶混合物倒入具有凹槽的金属模具中(图7的步骤A)。在聚合完成后,将水凝胶与模具分离,其中水凝胶含有凹槽(图7的步骤B)。
此外,在43℃下在搅拌下制备水凝胶在HEPES溶液(0.01M)中的0.7%溶液持续5分钟。将每体积两份该溶液与每体积一份含有羧基荧光素的脂质体混合,并且搅拌2分钟,以实现水凝胶凹槽的填充(图7的步骤C)。在用上述填充混合物(30μl)填充水凝胶的凹槽后,使填充混合物在23℃(RT)下固化。使用25kG的β-辐射对转化的敷料进行消毒。
Claims (11)
1.一种伤口敷料,该伤口敷料包括
a)水凝胶,该水凝胶选自基于淀粉的水凝胶、基于右旋糖酐的水凝胶、基于环氧烷烃的水凝胶、基于纤维素的水凝胶、基于果胶的水凝胶、基于海藻酸盐的水凝胶、基于壳聚糖的水凝胶、基于透明质酸的水凝胶、基于结冷胶的、基于多肽的水凝胶、基于聚环氧烷烃的水凝胶、基于聚(甲基丙烯酸酯)的水凝胶、基于聚(烷基(甲基丙烯酸酯)的水凝胶、基于聚(乙基丙烯酸酯)的水凝胶、基于乙烯基聚合物的水凝胶、基于聚己内酰胺和聚己内酯的水凝胶、基于聚氨酯的水凝胶、基于聚脲的水凝胶、基于聚氨酯-聚脲共聚物的水凝胶以及它们的混合物;以及
b)载体,该载体含有荧光染料,
其中该水凝胶包含缓冲剂,其中缓冲剂物质在37℃被溶解在脱矿质水中之后形成具有6.0至9.0的pH值的缓冲剂溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的伤口敷料,其中该水凝胶是基于聚氨酯的水凝胶。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的伤口敷料,其中该缓冲剂包括4-(2-羟基乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的伤口敷料,其中该水凝胶含有在37℃在脱矿质水中呈现出小于6的pH值的物质、两亲性物质和/或以0至10重量百分比的量的醇。
5.根据权利要求4所述的伤口敷料,其中在37℃在脱矿质水中呈现出小于6的pH值的该物质包括有机酸、烯醇化合物、脂肪酸和氨基酸。
6.根据权利要求4所述的伤口敷料,其中两亲性物质包括聚乙二醇对-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-苯基醚(曲拉通)和/或聚醚胺(吉夫胺)。
7.根据权利要求4所述的伤口敷料,其中该醇包括二乙二醇、二丙二醇和甘油。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的伤口敷料,其中该载体是脂质体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的伤口敷料,其中该脂质体包括
a)1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱、1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺和10,12-二十三碳二炔酸中的至少一种;以及
b)固醇。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的伤口敷料,其中该荧光染料属于在氧杂蒽骨架处具有至少一个羟基基团的氧杂蒽的组。
11.根据权利要求10所述的伤口敷料,其中该荧光染料是荧光素或羧基荧光素。
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