CN112261109A - Multi-airport time slot exchange system and method based on block chain - Google Patents
Multi-airport time slot exchange system and method based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-airport time slot exchange system and method based on a block chain, and belongs to the technical field of airport time slot allocation. Aiming at the problems that airport time slot management in the prior art cannot be subjected to centralized management, manual coordination is needed, management efficiency is low, complex conditions cannot be faced and the like, the invention provides a time slot exchange system which comprises a bottom base module, an exchange container and a Web application layer, wherein the bottom base module is used for coupling a physical layer and an information layer, the exchange container is used for realizing time slot exchange based on a block chain, and the Web application layer is used for cooperative interaction among different users; whether the time slot meets the exchange rule is judged firstly during time slot exchange, time slot exchange is carried out based on a block chain technology, multi-party real-time information sharing and service cooperation is achieved, time slot resources are efficiently utilized, the cooperation capability of all benefit relevant parties is improved, the utilization rate of the time slot resources is improved, flight delay is reduced, and management efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airport time slot allocation, in particular to a multi-airport time slot exchange system and method based on block chains.
Background
In the key period of transformation and upgrading of the long triangular positive industry and structuring of cities and towns, the demand of regional aviation is continuously increased at a high speed. The area of the airspace in east China accounts for one tenth of the whole country, but nearly one third of the flight amount in the whole country is managed, and the air traffic is abnormally busy. The airport density in the east China is the largest in China, a plurality of large airports such as Pudong and hong bridge in Shanghai, Xiaoshan in Hangzhou, Nanjing Lukou, Qingdao flow pavilion, Xiamen Gaokazai and the like are distributed, flight increment of medium and small airports is rapid, and activities of other airspace users in the east China are also the most frequent. The shortage of airspace resources directly influences the development of the long-triangular civil aviation transportation industry. And the reasonable utilization of the limited time slot resource can greatly reduce the flight delay and improve the economic and social benefits. As the long triangular civil aviation transportation industry continues to grow at a high speed, the air traffic is abnormally busy. And scientific management of limited time slot resources is particularly necessary.
The blockchain is a novel application mode of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and the like, and is essentially a decentralized distributed account book database. The decentralized distributed storage brings fairness and transparency, and data can directly generate value; the information is not falsified and the traceability brings safety and integrity, and people can be more mutually trusted. China definitely ranks the blockchain technology as a strategic leading-edge technology and actively encourages the development of the blockchain technology. The block chain technology is widely applied in the prior art, such as cross-border payment, insurance claim settlement, supply chain management, commodity source tracing, credit investigation and the like, so that the purposes of improving the efficiency and reducing the cost are achieved, meanwhile, the data right is confirmed, and the information sharing is promoted.
With the rapid development of the long triangular air transportation industry, air traffic is increasingly crowded, and the phenomenon of flight delay happens occasionally, so that certain economic losses are caused to airlines and passengers. The ground waiting strategy (GHP) is to convert the air waiting into more economical and safer ground waiting when the space domain capacity is limited, and the core of the GHP is the time slot allocation under a Cooperative Decision Making (CDM) mechanism.
The time slot exchange means that an airline company conditionally gives out a part of time slot resources initially allocated by a CDM system to exchange time slot resources advantageous to the airline company. For the benefit of the airline, airlines will try to minimize delays that delay costly flights, which is the primary driver of airline slot exchanges. For flights performing ground-based waiting procedures, the delay costs for different flights vary, and the time slots allocated to flights directly affect the delay time. For an airline company, the value of the same time slot to different airlines is different, so that the airline company has the possibility of exchanging the time slot. In addition, the airline company may not satisfy the initially allocated time slot due to its own or airport security, and the time slot exchange is required.
However, in the prior art, there are the following problems:
1. the time slot exchange highly depends on a flow management unit as a coordination center, the single point dependence is high, centralized management cannot be achieved, and the time slot exchange is also centralized management;
2. although the time slot exchange has a certain rule, the whole process needs the flow management unit to carry out manual coordination point to point, an electronic coordination tool is lacked, and the efficiency is low;
3. due to the limitation of manual coordination, the time slot has the possibility of waste, and the overall operation efficiency of the empty pipe is directly influenced;
4. complex scenarios cannot be handled, especially when time slot exchanges are initiated in the face of complex weather or multiple flights.
For example, the chinese patent applies for a multi-objective optimization method for collaborative allocation of time slots of multi-runway approaching and departing flights, application number ZL201210331000.0, and for another chinese patent applies for a flight time slot resource utilization method based on a buffer mechanism and a corresponding system, application number ZL201811547373.5, which propose time slot allocation methods from different angles, but there is no effective method for scientific management of multi-runway time slot resources so far.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems that airport time slot management in the prior art cannot be subjected to decentralized management, manual coordination is needed, management efficiency is low, complex conditions cannot be met and the like, the invention provides a multi-airport time slot exchange system and method based on a block chain, which can realize multi-party real-time information and service collaboration, efficiently utilize time slot resources, improve the collaboration capability of all interest relevant parties, improve the utilization rate of the time slot resources, reduce flight delay and improve management efficiency.
2. Technical scheme
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A multi-airport time slot switching system based on a block chain comprises a bottom base module, a switching container and a Web application layer, wherein the bottom base module is connected with the switching container, the switching container is also connected with the Web application layer, the bottom base module is used for coupling a physical layer and an information layer, the switching container realizes time slot switching based on the block chain, and the Web application layer is used for cooperative interaction among different users; the bottom layer basic module comprises a control module, an information acquisition and monitoring system and a time slot exchange module; the transaction container comprises an intelligent contract, an authentication module and an exchange module; the Web application layer comprises a Web transaction platform, a database and a management module.
Preferably, the time slot exchange module comprises a time slot exchange platform air traffic control terminal, a time slot exchange platform navigation department terminal and a time slot exchange platform airport terminal, the exchange module comprises a block chain account book and block chain link points, and each terminal in the time slot exchange module is connected with the block chain account book and the block chain link points.
Preferably, the intelligent contract comprises time slot certification, multi-party atomic exchange, time slot information uplink and digital signature authorization.
Preferably, the uplink body comprises an airline, an airport and a traffic management unit. The time slot exchange information is packaged by a consensus mechanism, called non-tamperproof data, linked to airlines, airports, and traffic management entities. In the system, each block receives information about the flight time, including the name of the airline, the airport of the landing and the COBT/CTOT, and only authorized personnel can read or write data in the block. As a transaction, the input data needs to be verified through the network (network consensus), so that the information content input into the network by each party in the blockchain needs to be approved by the information provider.
Preferably, the time slot exchange system is connected with a civil aviation decision system. The time slot exchange system is connected with a civil aviation decision making system (CDM), information flow is obtained through the civil aviation decision making system, the system does not need to be independently built, and the application is very convenient.
A multi-airport time slot switching method based on a block chain is used, and the multi-airport time slot switching system based on the block chain specifically comprises the following steps: an airline company sends a time slot exchange request, a civil aviation decision system judges whether the request is reasonable or not, and judges whether reasonable time slot information enters an exchangeable time slot flight list in the civil aviation decision system; an airline company sends a secondary exchange request according to time slot information in the exchangeable time slot flight list, the civil aviation decision system judges whether the secondary request accords with a time slot exchange rule, the secondary request enters a block chain time slot exchange platform when the secondary request accords with the exchange rule, the civil aviation decision system confirms the feasibility of an exchange scheme, the exchange is successful if the scheme is feasible, and the civil aviation decision system is updated after the time slot exchange is successful. If the exchange request is not reasonable or the CDM system judges that the request does not conform to the exchange rule, the time slot exchange fails and the process ends. The block chain technology is applied to the time slot exchange management process, and information sharing of all parties and data non-tampering are guaranteed.
Preferably, the time slot swap request may be sent by the airline, airport, and traffic management entity. Each uplink body may send a timeslot swap request, typically for airports and airlines, with a limited number of requests, only two swaps for a flight, and multiple swaps for traffic management.
Preferably, when time slots of multiple airports are exchanged, the airports share a time slot scheduling list and a scheduling priority list, the time slot scheduling list is used for sharing data when an airline company sends a time slot exchange request, and the scheduling priority list is used for updating the scheduling priority list after the airline company completes time slot exchange.
Preferably, the delay cost E (A) of the airline after the time slot exchange is completedk) The function of (d) is:
constraint conditions are as follows:
E(Ak)≥0
in the formula, A represents an airline company set for executing the ground waiting program, F represents a flight set for executing the ground waiting program, and F belongs to F; s represents an available time slot set for executing a ground waiting program, and S belongs to S; n represents the number of available time slots, k ∈ [1, n ∈]；siIndicating the time of slot i, piRepresenting a time slot siEstimated relative price, ciIndicating flight fiIs equal to the delay cost coefficient of (i ∈ [1, n ]]；sjTime slot, p, indicating flight acquisition after successful swapjRepresenting a time slot sjEstimated relative price, j ∈ [1, n ]]；
In function ci(si-sj) Indicating flight fiAnd fjDelayed cost change value, p, after time slot exchangei-pjIndicating a flight f after a slot swapiThe yield of (2) varies. Considering that each airline company is an independent entity in the time slot exchange, the delay cost is the minimum under the ideal condition as the decision target for competing for the limited time slot resource.
E(Ak) Is an objective function of the distributed mathematical model, in order to ensure the function E (A)k) The traffic management department needs to make the time slot exchange as close as possible to the global optimal solution, and the more times the time slot exchange is, the closer the time slot allocation result is to the optimal solution.
Preferably, the time slot exchange principle is formulated according to flight control state, calculated takeoff time (CTOT) and calculated wheel shift withdrawal time (COBT). Generally, the flight to be exchanged is in a controlled flight non-takeoff state, the non-controlled flight has no calculated takeoff time, time slot exchange cannot be performed, two flights must be controlled by all flow control measures to be the same, the two exchangeable flight time slot states must both satisfy a CTOT issue state, the flight is in a non-push state, and after time slot exchange, it is required to ensure that a COBT calculated wheel withdrawal time newly obtained by both flights is executable relative to respective EOBT/TOBT, wherein the EOBT represents an expected wheel withdrawal time, and the TOBT represents a target wheel withdrawal time.
The invention sets a multi-airport time slot exchange system based on the block chain, effectively solves the problem of time slot exchange in the current flow management, has universal applicability and superiority, and greatly improves the utilization rate of time slot resources. Meanwhile, the economic benefits of the airlines are guaranteed, the initiative of the airlines participating in time slot allocation can be enhanced, the fair flight and the fairness of airports are considered comprehensively, and the civil aviation industry collaborative development is realized.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the multi-airport time slot exchange method based on the block chain can effectively solve the problem of time slot exchange in the current flow management, and has the following advantages:
(1) decentralization: the block chain supports node decentralized transaction, and prevents 'double flowers' and information from being asynchronous; the centralized intervention of a flow management unit is greatly reduced, human resources are liberated, and the operation efficiency is improved;
(2) automation of the process: the intelligent contract realizes the informatization and the process of the cooperation and the time slot exchange among the airlines; one-to-one linearity is converted into many-to-many mesh flow, and optimal allocation of time slot resources is also realized;
(3) traceability: the time slot exchange information can be repeatedly traced, and trusted storage is provided for airlines and airports; simultaneously establishing a benign time slot exchange assessment mechanism and mutual trust guarantee;
(4) compatibility: through the design of the middleware, the system is integrated with the existing CDM system, and a new system does not need to be separately built; meanwhile, related services are easy to further expand, and the cost of the added nodes is low.
In the flow management, a block chain is used for multi-airport time slot exchange, and a flow management unit optimizes personnel resource allocation, so that the coordination work is greatly reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved; an airline company can obtain favorable time slot resources, flight delay is reduced, cost is reduced, and customer satisfaction is improved; the airport can also reduce flight delay, improve the utilization rate of the whole resources and enhance the internal and external cooperative capacity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block chain based time slot interchange flowchart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block chain timeslot switching platform architecture diagram according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block chain timeslot switching application platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block chain based multi-airport time slot exchange diagram according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
The air traffic control industry is systematic and strong, has a plurality of participating cooperation main bodies, wide information sources, large data volume and long service chain, and realizes the three-dimensional multi-dimensional sharing cooperation of cross-region, multi-main body and full flow. The distributed data records of the block chain have the characteristics of evidence storage, traceability, sharing, trust, cooperation and the like, which just meet the requirements of the air traffic control industry. According to the characteristics of the traffic management cooperative decision mechanism in the air traffic control industry, the embodiment selects the alliance chain to research the problem of time slot exchange.
The premise of time slot exchange is that time slot resources are allocated according to the original flight schedule, which can be simply understood as "first come first served", that is, flights scheduled earlier have higher priority for time slot allocation, which is also the RBS algorithm commonly used for time slot allocation. Considering the difference of each flight and the different requirements for time slot resources, the time slot exchange of multi-airport flights is carried out by utilizing a cooperative decision mechanism on the basis of an RBS algorithm. The time slot exchange may be between the same airline at the same airport, different airlines at the same airport, the same airline at different airports, and different airlines at different airports.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a block-chain-based multi-airport timeslot exchange flow diagram in this embodiment, when the timeslot exchange is required, the airline driver a sends a timeslot exchange request, and the exchange request determines whether the request is reasonable through a civil aviation decision system (CDM). If the request is reasonable, entering an 'exchangeable time slot flight list' of a CDM system, exchanging the request with the time slot by an airline company, judging whether the request accords with an exchange rule or not by the CDM system, entering a block chain time slot exchange platform when the request accords with the rule, confirming the feasibility of an exchange scheme by the CDM system, and automatically updating the CDM system when the scheme is feasible and the exchange is successful, thereby completing the time slot exchange. If the exchange request is not reasonable or the CDM system judges that the request does not conform to the exchange rule, the time slot exchange fails and the process ends. The block chain technology is mainly applied to the time slot exchange management process, and ensures that all parties share information and data cannot be tampered.
The time slot resource is non-renewable and non-storable resource, and can only be wasted once the time slot is delayed and outdated. The time slot exchange process mainly involves an airline company, a traffic management unit, an airport (operation administration unit), and the like. Because the utilization rate of time slot resources is obviously improved through exchange, and the flight normality is also a main assessment index of an airline company and an airport, the two have urgent uplink requirements. The time slot exchange based on the block chain is realized, an independent system does not need to be separately built, and only the functional module of 'time slot exchange' is added on the basis of the existing CDM system and a mathematical model. Currently, CDM systems have basically implemented time slot initial allocation, and terminals are connected to each airport and major airlines. In the future, only the function module of time slot exchange needs to be added on the basis of the existing CDM system.
The block chain is originated from the smart bitcoin in China, is used as the bottom layer technology of the bitcoin, is essentially a decentralized database, and refers to a technical scheme for collectively maintaining a reliable database in a decentralized and distrust manner. The block chain technology is a technical scheme which does not depend on a third party and carries out storage, verification, transmission and communication of network data through self distributed nodes. The block chain technology is considered as the most subversive technical innovation since the invention of the Internet, and the block chain technology can enable participants to achieve consensus on the Internet which cannot establish a trust relationship by means of cryptography and a mathematically skillful distributed algorithm without the intervention of any third party center, thereby solving the problem of reliable transmission of trust and value at extremely low cost. Thus, blockchains are also considered a distributed database that is commonly maintained, decentralized, traceable, and tamperproof by multiple parties.
The block chain technology is used as a technology for synthesizing a computer classical technology, and the participators cooperate with each other to jointly complete information recording without depending on a centralized system; keeping the consistency of information records by using an algorithm and a program; neither party can tamper with the data; and data can be traced in the whole process. In order to adapt to different application scenarios, the blockchain technology also presents a differentiated development trend. According to different architectures and application scenarios, the method is generally divided into three categories, namely a common chain, a federation chain and a proprietary chain. The alliance chain is generally applied to organizations which reach alliance agreements, and cooperation among multiple organizations is completed. The system strictly controls the addition and the exit of the nodes, and only authorized member nodes can participate in the consensus maintenance of the ledger data, so that a strict node identity examination and authority control mechanism is required.
The system platform for time slot exchange based on the blockchain technology in this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and includes a bottom base module, an exchange container, and a Web application layer, where the bottom base module is responsible for coupling between a physical layer and an information layer, the exchange container is responsible for implementing the blockchain-based time slot exchange, and the Web application layer is responsible for collaborative interaction between different users. The bottom layer basic module comprises a control module, an information acquisition and monitoring system and a time slot exchange module, wherein the time slot exchange module comprises a time slot exchange platform air traffic control terminal, a time slot exchange platform navigation driver terminal and a time slot exchange platform airport terminal; the transaction container comprises an intelligent contract, an authentication module and an exchange module, wherein the exchange module comprises a block chain account book and block chain link points; the Web application layer comprises a Web transaction platform, a database and a management module.
The system platform is accessed to flight time flow and information flow in a CDM system, intelligent contracts uploaded to a transaction container through an information acquisition and monitoring system of a bottom layer basic module are authenticated by an authentication module in the transaction container, then calculation is carried out through a block chain consensus algorithm in an exchange module, then data are distributed and communicated through a block chain account book and a block chain link point, the data are returned to the intelligent contracts to be executed after synchronous consensus, a Web application layer calls the block chain write module to write the data into a database when exchange operation is executed, and the database data are interacted to a block chain Web transaction platform. The calculated data may also be sent to the CDM system by the control module of the underlying base module.
As shown in fig. 3, in the blockchain application platform of this embodiment, an uplink main body is connected to node deployment, the uplink main body is divided into an airline company, an airport, and a traffic management unit, an internal system of each uplink main body corresponds to one node deployment, and includes a blockchain middleware, and the blockchain middleware includes: standard interfaces such as REST API/EDI/XML and the like, alliance chain management, block chain intelligent contracts, a distributed message communication mechanism and a distributed P2P network, wherein the alliance chain management comprises node access, certificate dispatching, consensus management, a P2P network and the like, and the intelligent contracts comprise time slot certification, multi-party atom exchange, time slot information uplink, digital signature authorization and the like.
Considering that each airline company is an independent individual in the time slot exchange, the minimum delay cost is ideally taken as a decision target for competing for limited time slot resources under the condition of time slot exchange, so the delay cost E (A) of the airline company after the time slot exchange is finished is established as a function of the decision targetk) The function of (d) is:
constraint conditions are as follows:
E(Ak)≥0，
wherein, the variables related to the function are defined as follows:
f: executing a flight set of a ground waiting program, wherein F belongs to F;
s: executing an available time slot set of a ground waiting program, wherein S belongs to S;
a: executing a set of airlines of a ground waiting program, wherein a belongs to A;
n: the number of available time slots;
si: time of slot i, also flight fiTime slots initially allocated according to the RBS algorithm, i ∈ [1, n ]]；
sj: indicating the time slot acquired by the flight after successful exchange, j belongs to [1, n ]]；
pi: time slot s given by flow management departmentiThe estimated relative price;
ci: indicating flight fiDelay cost factor of (2);
E(Ak): representing the delay cost of the airline after the slot exchange is completed, k ∈ [1, n ]]；
In function ci(si-sj) Indicating flight fiAnd fjDelayed cost change value, p, after time slot exchangei-pjIndicating a flight f after a slot swapiThe yield of (2) varies.
In order to improve the flight service quality and reduce the operation cost, the time slot exchange method of the embodiment is used for more reasonably scheduling and arranging, the minimum delay cost is obtained, the contradiction between the transportation demand and the traffic capacity is reduced, the personnel resource allocation is optimized in a traffic management unit, the coordination work is reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved. An airline company can obtain favorable time slot resources, flight delay is reduced, cost is reduced, and customer satisfaction is improved; the airport can also reduce flight delay, improve the utilization rate of the whole resources and enhance the internal and external cooperative capacity.
In this embodiment, the time slot switching needs to have the following principle:
1) two flights to be exchanged are controlled flights which do not take off, and uncontrolled flights have no CTOT (Calculated Takeoff Time), and cannot be exchanged in Time slots;
2) both flights must be controlled identically by all flow control measures;
3) both flight slot statuses that are commutative must satisfy the CTOT issue status;
4) one flight is only allowed to be switched twice (i.e., at airports and airlines, executive level traffic units), and the central office traffic administration can be switched multiple times;
5) flight is in unexploded state;
6) after Time slot exchange, COBT (corrected Off block Time, Calculated gear-removing Time) newly obtained by flights of both sides is required to be ensured to be executable relative to respective EOBT/TOBT, wherein EOBT represents Estimated Off block Time and predicted gear-removing Time; TOBT represents the target gear-off time, the new COBT is later than the respective EOBT/TOBT time and the new COBT is greater than the current time +30 minutes.
Since the data domain depends on the knowledge domain at the time of blockchain modeling, data in other domains is preserved when one party makes modifications in the data domain. In the platform, each block receives information about the flight time, including the name of the airline company, the airport of the take-off and landing, and the COBT/CTOT, and only authorized personnel can read or write data in the block. As a transaction, the input data needs to be verified through the network (network consensus), so that the information content input into the network by each party in the blockchain needs to be approved by the information provider.
To implement the block chain based timeslot switching, each user needs to register all necessary information. At the end of the registration process, a corresponding hash signature will be generated. When accessing the blockchain, each blockchain user needs a user name, a password and a hash signature to verify the identity of the user and obtain the read-write permission. After the user logs in the network, a slot exchange application can be issued in the block. The data will be stored in the module together with the hash signature of the user, so other users can perform direct query by knowing the hash value of the flight time to ensure that only the data in the block is available when reading and writing. Once an unidentified user makes an access request for information in a chain, a large amount of calculation processing is required for the read-write operation to occur, and the characteristics of the block chain and the use of the hash function can ensure higher data security.
The multi-airport time slot exchange process based on the block chain is shown in fig. 4, a first navigation department shares time slot sequencing to a time slot ordered list of an airport, an intelligent contract calculates an exchangeable time slot condition, a first navigation department requests time slot exchange with other navigation departments, other navigation departments judge the requests firstly, if the requests accord with rules and the exchange scheme is feasible, the requests accord with a time slot exchange principle, the time slot exchange requests are responded and automatically exchanged, the first navigation department pushes and updates COBT, CTOT and other data, and the shifting priority list is updated and sent to each airport.
Currently, CDM systems are mainly used to implement the allocation and management of the flight times (takeoff time and other related times). The CDM system is a multi-main-body joint cooperation operation idea interaction system based on resource sharing and information interaction, and can establish a whole set of unified and efficient work flow among all interest relevant parties (air traffic control, navigation department, airports and the like) in civil aviation operation. However, in the actual operation, the time slot exchange scene lacks an electronic tool, and is completely dependent on the traffic managers to consult related airports and navigation departments in a telephone mode, so that the communication efficiency is low, and the accuracy of information cannot be ensured. The multi-airport time slot switching system based on the block chain can completely overcome the defects and make up the defects of the existing CDM system.
For example, when an empty pipe receives a flow limit issued by an adjacent regulatory body regarding a floor, all flights to the floor in the area will be delayed. The CDM system will initially allocate CTOT (calculate departure time) to the restricted flights based on the constraints. Such time slot resources are valuable and non-renewable. Flight f from one airline to the Chengdu at Changzhou airportiTime slot resource t incapable of meeting initial allocationiAt this time, a request for time slot exchange will be issued by the multi-airport time slot exchange system based on the block chain. And flights behind their same limit queue can now apply for matching their slot exchange requestsThis step can be performed by the navigation department or the airport as a main body, and the reliability of the information is ensured. This time slot swap scenario is not just "1 to 1", but can be "n to n".
If three flight time slot exchange scenes are related to one airport and the same navigation department, the three flight time slot exchange scenes can also be related to three airports and three different navigation departments at most:
after two slot exchanges, the restricted flight queue in CDM systems:
| initial flight queue | Time slot resource | Post-exchange flight queue |
| fi | ti | fj |
| fj | tj | fk |
| fk | tk | fi |
When an airline company sends a request for time slot exchange during multi-airport time slot exchange, the blockchain application platform distinguishes potential one or more transaction objects according to the rules of time slot exchange. Once the transaction is finalized, the COBT/CTOT of the relevant flight will be automatically updated on the CDM system. The transaction mode is not limited to the exchange of 1 to 1, and can be efficiently carried out on n to n, so that the optimal configuration of the time slot resources is realized. The time slot transaction mode also reflects the idea of distributed time slot allocation, an airline company really participates in a decision process, and has certain management right on time slots, and the time slots expected by the airline company can be acquired through time slot exchange according to the decision target of the company. Meanwhile, the requirement of reducing delay cost of each airline company can be met, the participation enthusiasm of the airline companies is stimulated, the economic benefit is improved, and the total delay cost of the airport can be reduced on the whole.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The representation in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the invention, the actual construction is not limited thereto, and any reference signs in the claims shall not limit the claims concerned. Therefore, if a person skilled in the art receives the teachings of the present invention, without inventive design, a similar structure and an embodiment to the above technical solution should be covered by the protection scope of the present patent. Furthermore, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. Several of the elements recited in the product claims may also be implemented by one element in software or hardware. The terms first, second, etc. are used to denote names, but not any particular order.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-airport time slot exchange system based on a block chain is characterized by comprising a bottom base module, an exchange container and a Web application layer, wherein the bottom base module is connected with the exchange container, the exchange container is also connected with the Web application layer, the bottom base module is used for coupling a physical layer and an information layer, the exchange container realizes time slot exchange based on the block chain, and the Web application layer is used for cooperative interaction among different users; the bottom layer basic module comprises a control module, an information acquisition and monitoring system and a time slot exchange module; the transaction container comprises an intelligent contract, an authentication module and an exchange module; the Web application layer comprises a Web transaction platform, a database and a management module.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the timeslot switching module comprises a timeslot switching platform air traffic control terminal, a timeslot switching platform airline driver terminal, and a timeslot switching platform airport terminal, the switching module comprises a block chain account and block chain link points, and each terminal in the timeslot switching module is connected to the block chain account and the block chain link points.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the intelligent contract comprises timeslot certification, multiparty atomic switching, timeslot information uplink, and digital signature authorization.
4. The blockchain-based multi-airport timeslot switching system of claim 1, wherein the uplink body includes airlines, airports and traffic management units.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the time slot switching system is connected to a civil aviation decision-making system.
6. A multi-airport time slot switching method based on block chains, which is characterized in that the multi-airport time slot switching system based on block chains as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is used, and comprises the following steps: an airline company sends a time slot exchange request, a civil aviation decision system judges whether the request is reasonable or not, and judges whether reasonable time slot information enters an exchangeable time slot flight list in the civil aviation decision system; an airline company sends a secondary exchange request according to time slot information in the exchangeable time slot flight list, the civil aviation decision system judges whether the secondary request accords with a time slot exchange rule, the secondary request enters a block chain time slot exchange platform when the secondary request accords with the exchange rule, the civil aviation decision system confirms the feasibility of an exchange scheme, the exchange is successful if the scheme is feasible, and the civil aviation decision system is updated after the time slot exchange is successful.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the time slot interchange request can be sent by an airline, an airport, and a traffic management unit.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the time slot list for multiple airports is a shared time slot list and a priority list for scheduling, the time slot list is used for sharing data when the airline company sends a time slot exchange request, and the priority list is used for updating the priority list after the airline company completes the time slot exchange.
9. The method for multi-airport slot exchange based on block chain as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the delay cost E (A) of the airline company after the slot exchange is completedk) The function of (d) is:
constraint conditions are as follows:
E(Ak)≥0
in the formula, A represents an airline company set for executing the ground waiting program, F represents a flight set for executing the ground waiting program, and F belongs to F; s denotes execution ground, etcSetting available time slots of the program, wherein S belongs to S; n represents the number of available time slots, k ∈ [1, n ∈]；siIndicating the time of slot i, piRepresenting a time slot siEstimated relative price, ciIndicating flight fiIs equal to the delay cost coefficient of (i ∈ [1, n ]]；sjTime slot, p, indicating flight acquisition after successful swapjRepresenting a time slot sjEstimated relative price, j ∈ [1, n ]]；
In function ci(si-sj) Indicating flight fiAnd fjDelayed cost change value, p, after time slot exchangei-pjIndicating a flight f after a slot swapiThe yield of (2) varies.
10. The method for multi-airport time slot switching based on block chains as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the time slot switching principle is formulated according to flight control status, computed takeoff time (CTOT) and computed notch time (COBT).
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