CN112260594A - Brush direct current motor, drive control circuit thereof and air conditioner - Google Patents
Brush direct current motor, drive control circuit thereof and air conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN112260594A CN112260594A CN202011188991.2A CN202011188991A CN112260594A CN 112260594 A CN112260594 A CN 112260594A CN 202011188991 A CN202011188991 A CN 202011188991A CN 112260594 A CN112260594 A CN 112260594A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
- H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
- H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
- H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
- H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
- H02P7/29—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation
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Abstract
The invention provides a brush direct current motor, a drive control circuit thereof and an air conditioner, wherein the drive control circuit comprises a waveform conversion circuit, a pulse modulation signal generation circuit and a control circuit, wherein the waveform conversion circuit is used for receiving a pulse modulation signal output by the pulse modulation signal generation circuit and converting the pulse modulation signal into a preset waveform signal, and the preset waveform signal is a signal with a level change edge having slope change; the device also comprises an operation integrating circuit which is used for receiving the preset waveform signal output by the waveform conversion circuit and outputting the preset waveform signal to the field effect tube after integration, the grid electrode of the field effect tube is connected to the output end of the operation integrating circuit, and the source electrode or the drain electrode of the field effect tube is electrically connected with the motor body of the brush direct current motor. The brush direct current motor is provided with the drive control circuit, and the air conditioner is provided with the brush direct current motor. The invention can accurately control the current flowing through the brush direct current motor and improve the control accuracy of the rotating speed of the brush direct current motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of control of electric appliances, in particular to a brush direct current motor, a drive control circuit of the motor and an air conditioner with the brush direct current motor.
Background
An air conditioner used in a new energy vehicle uses a brushed dc motor, and generally, the brushed dc motor is provided with a driving control circuit which controls a current applied to the brushed dc motor, thereby controlling a rotation speed of the brushed dc motor. With the development of power electronic technology, people have more and more precise requirements on a drive control circuit of a brush direct current motor, and the requirement on operation reliability is higher and higher.
Due to the working characteristics of the brushed direct current motor, the brushed direct current motor runs immediately after the current is loaded, and under the condition that the voltage loaded to the brushed direct current motor is kept constant, the larger the current flowing through the brushed direct current motor is, the higher the power of the brushed direct current motor is, and the higher the rotating speed is. At present, most of drive modes of the brushed direct current motors are grade adjustment drive modes, namely, a drive control circuit controls the current flowing through the brushed direct current motors to be a plurality of preset grades, the current of each grade is fixed, namely, the current adjustment of the current of the brushed direct current motors is not stepless adjustment.
Some existing control methods for the brushed dc motor are to control the brushed dc motor by using a pulse modulation signal, for example, to control the voltage applied to the brushed dc motor by adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal, and to perform PID calculation by collecting the actual voltage of the brushed dc motor, so as to adjust the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal. This scheme is actually to having the voltage of brush direct current motor to adjust, and is not to having the electric current of brush direct current motor to adjust, and present this kind of mode mainly lets the voltage of brush direct current motor remain stable, nevertheless can not realize carrying out accurate control to the rotational speed of brush direct current motor.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a drive control circuit of a brushed direct current motor, which can accurately regulate current.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a brushed dc motor having the above drive control circuit for a brushed dc motor.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide an air conditioner with the brush direct current motor.
In order to achieve the first object of the present invention, the driving control circuit of the brushed dc motor provided by the present invention includes a waveform converting circuit, which receives the pulse modulation signal output by the pulse modulation signal generating circuit and converts the pulse modulation signal into a preset waveform signal, where the preset waveform signal is a signal whose level change edge has a slope change; the device also comprises an operation integrating circuit which is used for receiving the preset waveform signal output by the waveform conversion circuit and outputting the preset waveform signal to the field effect tube after integration, the grid electrode of the field effect tube is connected to the output end of the operation integrating circuit, and the source electrode or the drain electrode of the field effect tube is electrically connected with the motor body of the brush direct current motor.
According to the scheme, the pulse modulation signals are subjected to waveform conversion to form preset waveform signals such as sawtooth waves, the preset waveform signals are subjected to integral calculation through the operation and integration circuit to form analog signals with stable voltage, and the work of the field effect transistor is controlled through the analog signals. Because the output current of the field effect transistor is close to a linear relation with the control voltage, namely the higher the control voltage is, the larger the output current is, the control voltage loaded to the grid electrode of the field effect transistor can be accurately adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal, and then the output current of the field effect transistor is accurately adjusted, so that the current flowing through the motor body can be accurately adjusted, and further the rotating speed of the brush direct current motor is accurately controlled.
A preferred scheme is that the drive control circuit further includes a motor voltage detection circuit, and the motor voltage detection circuit collects voltages at two ends of the motor body and calculates a voltage difference between the two ends of the motor body.
Therefore, the voltage at the two ends of the motor body is detected through the motor voltage detection circuit, and once the voltage at the two ends of the motor body is too high or too low, a prompt is sent out, so that the voltage at the two ends of the motor body is kept constant, the output power of the motor is changed along with the change of the current flowing through the motor body, and the rotating speed of the brush direct current motor is controlled through controlling the current.
The motor voltage detection circuit comprises a subtraction circuit, a first input end of the subtraction circuit is connected to a voltage input end of the motor body, and a second input end of the subtraction circuit is connected to a voltage output end of the motor body.
Therefore, the voltage at the two ends of the motor body can be simply acquired and calculated through the subtraction circuit, the realization difficulty of the motor voltage detection circuit is reduced, and the production cost of the drive control circuit is also reduced.
In a further aspect, the operational integration circuit includes an operational amplifier, a first input terminal of the operational amplifier receives the signal output by the motor voltage detection circuit, a second input terminal of the operational amplifier receives the signal output by the waveform conversion circuit, and the operational amplifier outputs the signal to the operational RC integration circuit.
Therefore, the transportation amplifying circuit receives the signal output by the motor voltage detection circuit, the feedback of the voltage signal of the motor body is realized, and the closed-loop regulation of the driving of the motor body is realized.
In a further aspect, the operational RC integrating circuit includes a first resistor and a first capacitor connected in parallel.
The RC integrating circuit is realized by using the capacitor and the resistor which are connected in parallel, so that the RC integrating circuit is simple in structure and beneficial to reducing the production cost of the drive control circuit.
In a further aspect, the time constant of the operational RC integrator circuit is greater than the period of the predetermined waveform signal.
Therefore, the time constant of the operation RC integrating circuit is set to be larger, for example, the time constant is far larger than the period of the preset waveform signal, so that the preset waveform signal can be ensured to better form the analog quantity with stable voltage, and the voltage of the field effect transistor can be better controlled.
In a further aspect, the waveform converting circuit is an RC integrating circuit, and the RC integrating circuit includes a second resistor and a second capacitor connected in parallel.
Therefore, the RC integrating circuit can better convert the pulse modulation signal into a sawtooth wave or a sine wave, a cosine wave and other waveform signals, so that the stability of the current control of the motor body is improved.
In order to achieve the second objective, the invention provides a brushed dc motor, which includes a motor body and the drive control circuit of the brushed dc motor.
In order to achieve the third objective, the present invention provides an air conditioner including the brush dc motor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing characteristics of a field effect transistor controlling power supply and output current.
Fig. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of an embodiment of a drive control circuit for a brushed dc motor of the present invention.
The invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The drive control circuit of the brushed direct-current motor is applied to the brushed direct-current motor, and preferably, the brushed direct-current motor is applied to a new energy automobile.
Brush direct current motor and drive control circuit embodiment:
the embodiment utilizes the characteristic of the field effect transistor of control voltage-output current to control the brush direct current motor. Referring to fig. 1, when the control voltage applied to the gate of the fet increases, the output current of the fet will increase with the increase of the control voltage, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the output current of the fet and the control voltage are close to a linear relationship, so that the output current of the fet can be precisely controlled by adjusting the voltage applied to the gate of the fet. The embodiment precisely controls the current of the brush direct current motor by using the principle, thereby controlling the power of the brush direct current motor and further controlling the rotating speed of the brush direct current motor.
Referring to fig. 2, the brushed dc motor of the present embodiment includes a motor body M1, the motor body M1 includes a rotor and a stator, a coil is disposed on the stator, and by applying a dc voltage of a preset voltage value to the stator coil and controlling a current flowing through the coil, power of the brushed dc motor may be controlled, thereby controlling a rotation speed of the brushed dc motor. Specifically, in this embodiment, the brushed dc motor is controlled by a pulse modulation signal (PWM signal), the pulse modulation signal is first converted into a signal with a preset waveform, for example, converted into a sawtooth wave, then the sawtooth wave is integrated to form an analog voltage signal, the analog voltage signal is output to the field effect transistor, the output current of the field effect transistor is controlled by controlling the input voltage of the field effect transistor, and the field effect transistor is connected in series with the motor body M1, so that the output current passing through the field effect transistor is also the current passing through the motor body M1, and when the voltage applied to the motor body M1 is constant, the power control of the brushed dc motor can be realized by controlling the magnitude of the current passing through the motor body M1, and further, the rotation speed control of the brushed dc motor is realized.
Because the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal can be adjusted, when the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal is increased, the effective voltage is increased, the control voltage received by the grid electrode of the field effect transistor is also increased immediately, and the output current is correspondingly increased; when the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal is reduced, the effective voltage is reduced, the control voltage received by the grid electrode of the field effect transistor is reduced immediately, and the output current is reduced correspondingly. Therefore, the output current of the field effect transistor can be changed by controlling the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal, and further the rotating speed control of the brush direct current motor is realized.
The drive control circuit of the brushed dc motor includes a waveform conversion circuit 11, and the waveform conversion circuit 11 receives the pulse modulation signal output from the pulse modulation signal generation circuit 20. As can be seen from fig. 2, the waveform conversion circuit 11 includes a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a capacitor C2, and a capacitor C3, wherein the resistor R12 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3, so that the resistor R12, the capacitor C2, and the capacitor C3 form an RC integration circuit, one end of the resistor R11 is connected to the pulse modulation signal generation circuit 20, and the other end is connected to the RC integration circuit.
The pulse modulation signal is input to the RC integrating circuit through the resistor R11, and the voltage across the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 cannot change suddenly, so the pulse modulation signal becomes a sawtooth wave after passing through the RC integrating circuit. Of course, if the parameters of the RC integrating circuit are adjusted, the pulse modulation signal may form a sine wave or a cosine wave or other signals with preset waveforms after passing through the RC integrating circuit, and these signals with preset waveforms are all signals with level change edges having slope changes, for example, the slope of a level rising edge of a sawtooth wave is different from that of a level falling edge, or the slope of the level rising edge of the sine wave or the cosine wave, and the slope of the level falling edge itself are changed.
Taking a sawtooth wave signal as an example, because the sawtooth wave signal is formed by a pulse modulation signal passing through an RC integrating circuit, the period of the sawtooth wave signal is the same as the period of the pulse modulation signal, that is, the frequency of the sawtooth wave signal changes along with the frequency of the pulse modulation signal, the amplitude of the sawtooth wave signal is determined by the amplitude of the pulse modulation signal, the peak-to-peak value of the sawtooth wave signal is determined by the capacitance value of the capacitor C2, the larger the capacitance value of the capacitor C2 is, the longer the discharge time is, and the smaller the peak-to-peak value of the sawtooth wave signal is; the smaller the capacitance value of the capacitor C2, the shorter the discharge time, and the larger the peak-to-peak value of the sawtooth wave signal.
The preset waveform signal output by the waveform conversion circuit 11 is output to the operation integration circuit 12, the operation integration circuit 12 integrates the preset waveform signal and outputs the integrated preset waveform signal to the field effect transistor Q1, as can be seen from fig. 2, the gate of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the output end of the operation integration circuit 12, the source of the field effect transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the motor body M1 of the brush dc motor, and the drain of the field effect transistor Q1 is grounded. Of course, in practical application, the drain of the fet Q1 may be connected to the motor body M1.
The operational integrator 12 includes an operational amplifier U2, and a positive input terminal of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to an output terminal of the waveform conversion circuit 11 and receives a preset waveform signal output by the waveform conversion circuit 11, for example, a sawtooth signal. The output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the resistor R9, and the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to an operational RC integrating circuit, in this embodiment, the operational RC integrating circuit includes a resistor R9 and a capacitor C5 connected in parallel, in addition, the capacitor C5 is also connected in parallel to the diode D1, the anode terminal of the diode D1 is grounded, and the cathode terminal is connected to the output end of the operational integrating circuit 12. In addition, a capacitor C4 is connected between the output terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2.
The time constant τ of the RC integrator circuit is determined by parameters of the resistor R5 and the capacitor C5, specifically, the time constant τ is RC, i.e., the product of the resistance of the resistor R5 and the capacitance of the capacitor C5. The output of the operational RC integrator circuit is connected to the gate of fet Q1, i.e., outputs a control voltage to fet Q1. Because the voltage at the two ends of the capacitor C5 can not change suddenly, when the sawtooth wave signal passes through the operation RC integrating circuit, the voltage waveform output by the operation RC integrating circuit is close to a straight line under the voltage regulation of charging and discharging of the capacitor C5. When the amplitude of the pulse modulation signal is fixed, the voltage value of the analog signal output by the operation RC integrating circuit can be changed by adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal. The larger the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal, the larger the voltage value of the output analog signal, so that the gate voltage of the field effect transistor Q1 is larger. Thus, by adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal, the voltage output from the arithmetic integration circuit 12 can be changed, and the control voltage of the fet Q1 can be adjusted, and when the control voltage of the fet Q1 is changed, the output current thereof is also changed accordingly. Since the drain of the fet Q1 is connected to the motor body M1, when the current flowing through the fet Q1 increases, the current flowing through the motor body M1 also increases accordingly, and the power of the brushed dc motor increases when the voltage of the motor body M1 is constant, thereby increasing the rotational speed of the brushed dc motor. Therefore, the present embodiment achieves the purpose of controlling large current with small voltage by controlling the voltage-current output characteristic of the field effect transistor Q1.
The drive control circuit of the brushed direct current motor further comprises a motor voltage detection circuit 13, the motor voltage detection circuit 13 is respectively connected to two ends of the motor body M1, namely a voltage input end and a voltage output end, voltage values of the voltage input end and the voltage output end of the motor body M1 are respectively collected, a difference value of the voltage values of the voltage input end and the voltage output end is calculated through a subtraction circuit, and therefore the actual voltage of the motor body M1 is calculated.
The motor voltage detection circuit 13 includes a subtraction circuit including an operational amplifier U1, wherein a voltage input terminal of the motor body M1 outputs a voltage signal to a positive input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 through resistors R1 and R7, a voltage output terminal of the motor body M1 outputs a voltage signal to a negative input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 through resistors R2 and R3, and a resistor R3 is connected in series with the resistor R4, so that the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 divide the input voltage. The output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the motor voltage detection module 21 through a resistor R6, and the motor voltage detection module 21 may be a single chip microcomputer.
The subtraction circuit calculates a voltage difference between the voltage input end and the voltage output end of the motor body M1, and the voltage difference is an actual voltage value of the motor body M1. After receiving the voltage difference value, the motor voltage detection module 21 determines the voltage difference value, for example, determines whether the voltage difference value is too high or too low, and if the actual voltage of the motor body M1 is too high or too low, a prompt message will be sent, and even the operation of the brushed dc motor is stopped, for example, the output of the pulse modulation signal is stopped, so that the gate voltage of the field-effect transistor Q1 is zero, and no current flows through the motor body M1, thereby stopping the operation of the brushed dc motor.
Of course, the motor voltage detection module 21 continues to monitor the voltage of the motor body M1 after the brushed dc motor stops operating, and if the voltage of the motor body M1 returns to the normal range, the pulse modulation signal generation circuit 20 continues to output the pulse modulation signal, and the brushed dc motor continues to operate.
In addition, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 outputs a signal of the voltage difference to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 through a resistor R5, thereby forming feedback control on the voltage of the motor body M1. When the voltage fluctuation of the motor body M1 is increased, the fluctuation of the voltage value output by the operational amplifier U1 is increased immediately, and when the voltage value output by the operational amplifier U1 is close to the voltage of the reverse input end of the operational amplifier U2, the voltage difference between two ends of the resistor R5 is reduced, so that the current flowing through the resistor R5 is reduced, and the influence on the current of the reverse input end of the operational amplifier U2 is reduced, therefore, the fluctuation of the voltage of the motor body M1 cannot cause great interference on an RC integrating circuit, the grid voltage of the field effect transistor Q1 tends to be stable, the power of the motor body M1 is stable, and the running stability of the brush direct current motor is enhanced.
In the embodiment, after the pulse modulation signal is converted into the preset waveform signal, the preset waveform signal is converted into the analog signal through the RC integrating circuit, and the control voltage loaded to the field effect transistor can be adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse modulation signal, so that the output current of the field effect transistor is controlled, and the rotating speed of the brush direct current motor is controlled. Like this, there is brush direct current motor's electric current can realize infinitely variable control to can be accurate control the electric current size, improve brush direct current motor rotational speed control's stability and accuracy. In addition, because the range of the current amplitude output by the field effect transistor is large, the current adjustment amplitude of the brush direct current motor can be improved, and the use requirements of more occasions are met.
The embodiment of the air conditioner is as follows:
the air conditioner of the embodiment can be an air conditioner applied to a new energy automobile, and of course, the air conditioner can also be a household air conditioner, a central air conditioner and the like. The air conditioner is internally provided with a brush direct current motor, for example, the brush direct current motor drives a compressor to operate or drives a fan of the air conditioner to operate.
Finally, it should be emphasized that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, such as the change of the selected electronic device model, or the change of the specific circuit structure of the waveform converting circuit and the arithmetic integrating circuit, and these changes should also be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. There is brush direct current motor's drive control circuit, its characterized in that includes:
the waveform conversion circuit receives the pulse modulation signal output by the pulse modulation signal generation circuit and converts the pulse modulation signal into a preset waveform signal;
and the operation integrating circuit is used for receiving the preset waveform signal output by the waveform conversion circuit and outputting the preset waveform signal to the field effect tube after integration, the grid electrode of the field effect tube is connected to the output end of the operation integrating circuit, and the source electrode or the drain electrode of the field effect tube is electrically connected with the motor body of the brush direct current motor.
2. The drive control circuit of a brushed dc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the drive control circuit further comprises a motor voltage detection circuit, wherein the motor voltage detection circuit collects voltages at two ends of the motor body and calculates a voltage difference between two ends of the motor body.
3. The drive control circuit of a brushed dc motor according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the motor voltage detection circuit comprises a subtraction circuit, wherein a first input end of the subtraction circuit is connected to a voltage input end of the motor body, and a second input end of the subtraction circuit is connected to a voltage output end of the motor body.
4. The drive control circuit of a brushed dc motor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that:
the operational integration circuit comprises an operational amplifier, a first input end of the operational amplifier receives a signal output by the motor voltage detection circuit, a second input end of the operational amplifier receives a signal output by the waveform conversion circuit, and the operational amplifier outputs a signal to the operational RC integration circuit.
5. The drive control circuit of a brushed direct current motor according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the operation RC integral circuit comprises a first resistor and a first capacitor which are connected in parallel.
6. The drive control circuit of a brushed direct current motor according to claim 5, characterized in that:
and the time constant of the operation RC integrating circuit is greater than the period of the preset waveform signal.
7. The drive control circuit of a brushed dc motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:
the waveform conversion circuit is an RC integrating circuit.
8. The drive control circuit of a brushed direct current motor according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the RC integrating circuit comprises a second resistor and a second capacitor which are connected in parallel.
9. A brushed dc motor comprising a motor body and a drive control circuit of the brushed dc motor according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Air conditioner characterized in that it comprises a brushed dc motor according to claim 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011188991.2A CN112260594B (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Brush direct current motor, drive control circuit thereof and air conditioner |
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| CN202011188991.2A CN112260594B (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Brush direct current motor, drive control circuit thereof and air conditioner |
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| CN112260594B CN112260594B (en) | 2022-04-08 |
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