Self-frequency-modulation vibration energy collecting device applied to rotating environment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy collection, in particular to a self-frequency-modulation vibration energy collecting device applied to a rotating environment.
Background
The vibration energy collector which converts the vibration energy in the environment into the electric energy has the advantages of long service life, small volume, light weight, high energy density and the like, is one of the most promising technical schemes for realizing the power supply of microelectronic devices and systems by replacing the traditional chemical energy battery, and has attracted great interest in both academic and industrial fields.
The high performance output vibration energy harvester requires that the vibration energy harvester has both high vibration energy harvesting and vibration energy conversion capabilities, and the vibration energy harvester based on the resonance effect has high energy harvesting efficiency at resonance, and is also a main vibration energy harvesting mode of the current vibration energy harvester. However, a vibration energy harvester based on the resonance effect can only have a good vibration energy harvesting capability in a narrow frequency range (around 1 Hz), and the vibration frequency of an actual environmental vibration source generally randomly changes in a wide frequency range. Therefore, the mismatch between the operating frequency and the excitation frequency of the vibration energy harvester leads to low output performance and a narrow operating frequency band of the vibration energy harvester, which is a key factor restricting the practical use of the vibration energy harvester.
In recent years, students at home and abroad turn eyes to a rotating environment, and adjust the natural frequency of the vibration energy collector by using a rotating centrifugal force so as to match with an excitation frequency, for example, a Liyibo team (instruments and meters, 2019, 40(7): 73-80) at Tianjin university researches on changing the resonant frequency of the vibration energy collector by using the centrifugal force, proposes that the self-tuning performance is quantized by using a tuning factor, concentrates a plurality of key design parameters into the tuning factor, and performs experimental verification. Research results show that the vibration energy collector is in a resonant transition state only at a certain point, other conditions are all close to resonant behavior, and the larger the tuning factor, the wider the frequency band, but the lower the output performance. A new structure of the self-frequency-modulation vibration energy collector is provided by a method for adjusting the resonance frequency of the vibration energy collector by changing the section moment of inertia of a cantilever beam based on centrifugal force, wherein the method is applied to Wang Yu-Jen subject group (Sensors and Actuators A: physical, 2019(285): 25-34) of Taiwan university of Zhongshan China. But the structure introduces roller bearings, which increases the complexity of the structure; meanwhile, the ladder-shaped beam in the structure moves back and forth in the roller bearing along with the change of the vehicle speed, so that the piezoelectric material or the electrode on the surface of the piezoelectric material is easy to damage, and the reliability of the device is reduced. The Panagiotis Aleverras topic group (Journal of Sound and Vibration 444 (2019)) 176-196, university of Bimingham, UK, also proposes a self-tuning electromagnetic Vibration energy collector structure that changes beam stress based on centrifugal force. The Danjing Poston Dendroughty topic group of the university of post and electronics (patent application publication No. CN 110868101A) provides a rotary self-frequency-modulation piezoelectric vibration energy collector, the position of the mass center of a mass block on a main beam is changed through centrifugal force, so that the effective length of a piezoelectric cantilever beam is changed, and the purpose of adjusting the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy collector is achieved. The method can realize that the natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy collector changes along with the change of the rotation excitation frequency, but the design requirement on the spring is high to realize the matching of the frequency in a larger frequency range.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a self-frequency-modulation vibration energy collecting device applied to a rotating environment, wherein the rotating radius of a vibration energy collector in the vibration energy collecting device is changed by utilizing the centrifugal force borne by the vibration energy collector in the rotating process, so that the centrifugal force borne by a cantilever beam is changed, the inherent frequency of the vibration energy collector is further adjusted, meanwhile, the inherent frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy collector is adjusted by utilizing the centrifugal force borne by a frequency modulation mass block in the rotating process, finally, the natural frequency is matched with the rotating excitation frequency, the working frequency band range of the vibration energy collector is increased, and the output performance of the vibration energy collector is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a self-frequency-modulation vibration energy collecting device applied to a rotating environment, which comprises a vibration energy collector, an outer frame, a counterweight mass block and an elastic structure, wherein the vibration energy collector is arranged on the outer frame;
the outer frame is of a U-shaped frame structure, two sides of the outer frame are provided with guide rail rods, and the guide rail rods are connected with an elastic structure in a sliding manner;
two ends of the counterweight mass block are respectively connected with the two elastic structures, and the elastic structures can be compressed on the guide rail rod of the outer frame to slide;
the middle part of the counterweight mass block is fixedly connected with one end of the vibration energy collector; the vibration energy collector comprises a cantilever beam, a frequency modulation mass block and an additional mass block; the frequency modulation mass block is fixed at the tail end of the cantilever beam; the middle of the additional mass block is provided with a through groove for the cantilever beam to pass through so as to be not fixedly connected with the additional mass block, and the width of the frequency modulation mass block at the tail end of the cantilever beam is larger than that of the through groove in the middle of the additional mass block;
when the self-frequency-modulation vibration energy collecting device is used, the whole device is fixedly arranged on the rotating mechanism through the outer frame, and when the rotating mechanism rotates, the vibration energy collector vibrates under the action of rotation excitation to realize energy collection; meanwhile, the vibration energy collector drives the counterweight mass block to compress the elastic structure under the action of centrifugal force, so that the rotating radius of the vibration energy collector is changed, the centrifugal force applied to the cantilever beam is changed accordingly, the natural frequency of the vibration energy collector is changed, the vibration energy collector is finally matched with the rotating excitation frequency, and the working frequency bandwidth of the vibration energy collector is increased.
Preferably, the additional mass and the configuration mass are connected by four symmetrical inextensible flexible ropes.
Preferably, the guide rail rod is internally provided with a groove structure, and the elastic structure is fixed through the groove structure;
preferably, the elastic structure is a spring.
Further preferably, the spring is a variable pitch helical type non-linear compression spring or a truncated cone shaped non-linear compression spring.
Preferably, the cantilever beam is of a structure with one wide end and the other narrow end or a rectangular structure.
Preferably, the vibration energy harvester is a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, or a magnetic vibration energy harvester.
Further preferably, the vibration energy collector is a piezoelectric vibration energy collector, the cantilever beam is a piezoelectric cantilever beam, piezoelectric materials of electrodes are distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of a piezoelectric layer on the piezoelectric cantilever beam, and electric energy is output by the upper surface electrode and the lower surface electrode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the counterweight mass block compresses the elastic structure by the centrifugal force applied to the vibration energy collector, the rotating radius of the vibration energy collector is changed, the centrifugal force applied to the cantilever beam is changed, and finally the natural frequency of the vibration energy collector is changed, so that the aim of adjusting the natural frequency of the vibration energy collector, realizing the matching with the rotating excitation frequency is fulfilled, and the working frequency bandwidth of the vibration energy collector is increased;
(2) the additional mass block and the cantilever beam are connected but not fixed through the through groove on the additional mass block, and meanwhile, the additional mass block and the counterweight mass block are connected through four symmetrical non-extensible flexible ropes;
(3) the frequency modulation mass block is fixed at the tail end of the cantilever beam, so that the centrifugal force borne by the cantilever beam can be more conveniently adjusted, the natural frequency of the vibration energy collector can be matched with the rotation excitation frequency in a larger range, and the application range of the device is enlarged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the self-frequency-modulated piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device applied to a rotating environment.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the self-tuning piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device body structure of the present invention applied to a rotating environment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the self-tuning piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a self-tuning piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device with a rectangular piezoelectric cantilever beam.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the spring structure of the present invention being a truncated cone type nonlinear spring.
Figure 6 is a graph of the natural frequency of a vibration energy harvester of the present invention at different radii of rotation as a function of rotational excitation frequency.
Figure 7 is a plot of radius of rotation versus rotational excitation frequency for a vibration energy harvester of the present invention having a natural frequency matched to the rotational excitation frequency.
Figure 8 is a graph of the spring characteristics required by the present invention to achieve the corresponding relationship of rotational frequency and vibrational energy harvester radius of figure 7.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous implementation details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It should be understood, however, that these implementation details are not to be interpreted as limiting the invention. That is, in some embodiments of the invention, such implementation details are not necessary. In addition, some conventional structures and components are shown in simplified schematic form in the drawings.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, fig. 1 and fig. 2 are a schematic structural diagram and an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of a self-frequency-modulation vibration energy harvesting device applied to a rotating environment according to the present invention, respectively, and a self-frequency-modulation vibration energy harvesting device applied to a rotating environment includes: the vibration energy collector 5, the outer frame 8, the counterweight mass block 6 and the spring 7;
in the specific implementation process, the outer frame 8 is of a U-shaped frame structure, the two sides of the outer frame 8 are provided with guide rail rods 9, guide rail grooves 10 are formed in the guide rail rods, and one ends of the guide rail grooves 10 are fixedly connected with the springs 7;
two ends of the counterweight mass block 6 are respectively connected with two springs 7, and the springs 7 can be compressed on a guide rail rod 9 to slide along a guide rail groove 10 of the outer frame;
the middle part of the counterweight mass block 6 is fixedly connected with one end of the vibration energy collector 5; therefore, the counterweight mass block 6 can drive the vibration energy collector 5 to slide on the guide rail rod 9 along the guide rail groove 10 of the outer frame by compressing the spring 7;
the vibration energy collector 5 comprises a cantilever beam 1, a frequency modulation mass block 3 and an additional mass block 2; the frequency modulation mass block 3 is fixed at the tail end of the cantilever beam 1; the middle of the additional mass block 2 is provided with a through groove for the cantilever beam 1 to pass through; so as not to be fixedly connected with the additional mass 2; the width dimension of the frequency modulation mass block 3 at the tail end of the cantilever beam 1 is larger than the through groove in the middle of the additional mass block 2, so that the additional mass block 2 cannot be thrown out when the vibration energy collector 5 rotates, and meanwhile, the additional mass block 2 is connected with the configuration mass block 6 through four symmetrical inextensible flexible ropes 4;
the additional mass block 2 and the piezoelectric cantilever beam 1 are connected through the through groove in the additional mass block but are not fixed, and meanwhile, the additional mass block and the counterweight mass block are connected through four symmetrical non-extensible flexible ropes.
The frequency modulation mass block 3 is fixed at the tail end of the piezoelectric cantilever beam, and the purpose is to more conveniently adjust the centrifugal force borne by the piezoelectric cantilever beam, so that the natural frequency of the vibration energy collector can be matched with the rotation excitation frequency in a larger range, and the application range of the device is enlarged.
It should be noted that: the spring 7 can be replaced by other elastic structures, and the requirement that the counterweight mass block drives the vibration energy collector to slide on the guide rail rod along the outer frame can be met.
It should be noted that: the cantilever beam 1 may be a rectangular structure as shown in fig. 4, or may be other shapes according to actual needs.
It should be noted that: the vibration energy harvester 5 can be a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, or a magnetic vibration energy harvester, and the vibration energy harvester 5 in this embodiment is equally applicable to other vibration energy harvesters.
It should be noted that: if the vibration energy collector is a piezoelectric vibration energy collector 5, the cantilever beam 1 is a piezoelectric cantilever beam, and the piezoelectric material of the electrodes distributed on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric layer on the piezoelectric cantilever beam can be lead zirconate titanate PZT, aluminum nitride AlN, zinc oxide ZnO, aluminum nitride scandium ScxAl1-xN, electric energy is output by the upper surface electrode and the lower surface electrode.
It should be noted that: the spring 7 may be a variable pitch spiral type nonlinear spring as shown in fig. 1 or a truncated cone spiral type nonlinear spring as shown in fig. 5, or may be a spring determined according to actual needs.
The following takes a self-frequency-modulation vibration energy collecting device composed of the piezoelectric vibration energy collectors as an example to explain the practical application process and principle of the device: as shown in fig. 3, the vibration energy collector 5 is fixed to the rotating mechanism 11 through the outer frame 8, and when the vibration energy collector 5 rotates with the rotating mechanism 11, the vibration energy collector 5 is excited to have an excitation acceleration amplitude of 1g (g =9.8 m/s)2) The excitation frequency is the excitation of the rotation frequency of the rotating mechanism to generate vibration, so that the electric energy output is realized; when the resonance frequency of the vibration energy collector 5 is basically consistent with the rotation frequency, the vibration energy collector 5 resonates and outputs large electric energy; as the rotation frequency of the rotating mechanism increases, soThe centrifugal force applied to the vibration energy collector 5 is increased, so that the counterweight mass block 6 compresses the spring 7 to slide along the guide rail rod 9, the rotation radius of the vibration energy collector 5 is changed, and the centrifugal force applied to the piezoelectric cantilever beam 1 is changed, so that the natural frequency of the vibration energy collector 5 is adjusted to be matched with the rotation excitation frequency, and the aim of expanding the working frequency range of the vibration energy collector 5 is fulfilled.
As shown in fig. 6-8, in the range of the rotation frequency of the rotation mechanism being 10 to 19Hz, the counterweight mass block 6 slides along the guide rail rod 9 and the compression spring 7 under the action of centrifugal force, so as to change the rotation radius of the vibration energy collector 5, and match the natural frequency and the rotation frequency of the vibration energy collector 5. FIG. 6 is a plot of natural frequency of a vibration energy harvester versus rotational excitation frequency for different rotational radii, where the idealized curve is a target curve for achieving frequency matching, and the intersection of the idealized curve with the curve for different radii is the point of frequency matching at that radius, and FIG. 7 shows the radius size for the vibration energy harvester for different rotational excitation frequencies when the natural frequency of the vibration energy harvester is matched to the rotational excitation frequency, according to FIG. 6; figure 8 shows the required spring characteristic curve for achieving the corresponding relationship between rotational frequency and vibrational energy harvester radius of figure 7.
It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and it is within the scope of the present invention to adopt various insubstantial modifications of the method concept and technical scheme of the present invention, or to directly apply the concept and technical scheme of the present invention to other occasions without modification.