CN112260414B - Wireless power transmission device using three-coil structure to improve anti-deviation capability - Google Patents
Wireless power transmission device using three-coil structure to improve anti-deviation capability Download PDFInfo
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- CN112260414B CN112260414B CN202011099122.2A CN202011099122A CN112260414B CN 112260414 B CN112260414 B CN 112260414B CN 202011099122 A CN202011099122 A CN 202011099122A CN 112260414 B CN112260414 B CN 112260414B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
- H02J50/502—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices the energy repeater being integrated together with the emitter or the receiver
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
Disclosed is a wireless power transmission apparatus that improves an anti-offset capability using a three-coil structure. The device transfers energy wirelessly from a power generator to a power receiver, wherein the power receiver is provided with a receiving coil and the power transmitter is provided with two coaxial coils, one of which is used as a transmitting coil and the other is used as a relay coil. The three coils are respectively connected with a capacitor in series for compensation, the high-frequency inverter provides alternating current for the transmitting coil, and the high-frequency rectifier converts the alternating current received by the receiving coil into direct current and provides energy for a load. The invention can realize the anti-deviation capability of the wireless power transmission system in a certain range by utilizing the configuration of the three-coil structure, and has important significance for improving the anti-deviation capability of the wireless power transmission system, reducing the control difficulty, realizing soft switching and improving the system efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless power transmission technology, in particular to a device for improving the anti-deviation capability of a wireless power transmission system by using a three-coil structure.
Background
The wireless power transmission technology can avoid troubles of charging wires, has the characteristics of safety, convenience and the like, and is widely applied to various electric equipment such as medical equipment, mobile terminals, electric automobiles and the like. In these wireless power transfer applications, there is an inevitable problem of coil coupling variation due to power transmitter and power receiver offset. In the conventional wireless power transmission device, the variation of the coil coupling may cause a drastic output power variation or a complicated control, and a failure to implement soft switching, and for the application of dynamic wireless power transmission under study, such as dynamic wireless charging of an electric vehicle, the device with poor offset resistance may cause a pulsation of the output power. It is desirable that the wireless power transmission apparatus has a high fault tolerance and can transmit sufficiently stable power, and therefore, the present invention provides a wireless power transmission apparatus using a three-coil structure, which can achieve an anti-offset capability over a wide range, and provides a design method of mutual inductance between three coils in the apparatus and a determination method of capacitance value of a compensation capacitor connected in series to each coil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a device for realizing wireless power transmission with anti-deviation capability in a larger range by using a three-coil structure.
The device of the invention consists of a power transmitter and a power receiver, wherein the power transmitter transmits electric energy to the power receiver wirelessly. The power transmitter is provided with two coaxially arranged coils, one of the coils is used as a transmitting coil, the other coil is used as a relay coil, and the power transmitter further comprises a compensation capacitor and an inverter, wherein the compensation capacitor and the inverter are used for respectively compensating the two coils. The power receiver is provided with a receiving coil, and further comprises a compensation capacitor and a rectifier of the receiving coil.
The invention provides a design method of mutual inductance among a transmitting coil, a relay coil and a receiving coil, and a determination method of capacitance values of compensation capacitors formed by connecting three coils in series. The device corresponds to two typical loads, namely a resistance load and a battery load, and the design method of the coil mutual inductance and the design method of the compensation capacitor provided by the invention are suitable for the two loads.
The mutual inductance between the three coils is designed according to the following method:
calculating constants
Designing mutual inductance between transmitter coil and receiver coil
Designing mutual inductance M between relay coil and receiver coil 23 Mutual inductance M between transmitter coil and relay coil 12 Ratio of
Wherein P is the maximum output power of the designed system relative to the output power P at the opposite position a F is the system operating frequency, U i For transmitting coilThe effective value of the incoming ac voltage is,
U idc for input of a DC voltage, R L Is the equivalent alternating current resistance of the load,
U o for the receiving coil to output the effective value of the alternating voltage,
U odc to output a direct current voltage;
the mutual inductance of the three coils is matched with the above conditions by simulating or experimentally designing the shape, size, turns and position relation of the three coils, and the inductance values L of the transmitting coil, the relay coil and the receiving coil are obtained by simulation calculation or measurement 1 、L 2 、L 3 ；
The capacitance values of the compensation capacitors corresponding to the three coils are determined by the following method:
capacitance value of compensating capacitor of transmitting coil
Capacitance value of relay coil compensation capacitor
Capacitance value of compensation capacitor of receiving coil
Where ω is an angular frequency corresponding to the system operating frequency f, and ω =2 π f.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the design of the three-coil structure, the anti-offset characteristic of the wireless power transmission device in a larger range can be greatly improved through the mutual coupling of the three coils, the control method in offset is simplified, the soft switch can be realized in offset, and the efficiency of the wireless power transmission system is improved. In addition, the invention provides a design method of mutual inductance of three coils and a calculation method of capacitance values of three compensation capacitors, and parameters of each element of the system can be rapidly calculated according to requirements. The input current and the voltage of the alternating current equivalent circuit of the device are in the same phase, and the potential of the device for transmitting energy can be furthest excavated.
The details of an implementation of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Features, aspects, and advantages of which will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. It should be noted that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of three coils in a power transmitter and a power receiver according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows two typical loads in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an ac equivalent circuit according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an exemplary simulation system according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an ac equivalent circuit diagram of a wireless power transmission system of SS topology.
Fig. 7 is an ac equivalent circuit diagram of a wireless power transfer system with a dual-sided LCC topology.
Fig. 8 is a graph of output power as a function of offset distance for different systems using resistive loads.
Fig. 9 is a graph of output power versus offset distance for different systems using battery load.
Detailed Description
The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. The term "exemplary" used throughout this description means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and should not necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other exemplary embodiments. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of exemplary embodiments of the invention. In some instances, some devices are shown in block diagram form.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of three coils in a power transmitter and a power receiver according to the present invention. The power transmitter 102 has two coaxial coils 105 and 106, with coil 105 inside and coil 106 outside, either of which may be used as a transmit coil while the other acts as a relay coil. The coil 104 in the power receiver 101 is a receiving coil. The power receiver 101 and the power transmitter 102 may be coils configured with a magnetic core 103 and a magnetic core 107, the magnetic core is generally made of high frequency magnetic material, such as ferrite material, and the magnetic core can increase the mutual inductance value between the coils, so that the wireless power transmission device can better transmit energy from the power transmitter 102 to the power receiver 101.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The power supply 201 provides dc power to the entire system. The power transmitter 212 includes an inverter 202, a transmit coil 203, a transmit coil compensation capacitance 204, a relay coil 206, and a relay coil compensation capacitance 205. The inverter 202 outputs high frequency alternating current, which is applied to the transmitting coil 203 and its compensating capacitor 204 to generate a high frequency alternating magnetic field, wherein the compensating capacitor 204 can counteract the reactive power generated by the transmitting coil 203. A part of the energy of the transmitting coil 203 is directly transmitted to the power receiver 213, and another part needs to be relayed by the relay coil 206. The relay coil 206 also needs to be connected in series with a compensation capacitor 205 for reactive compensation. The receiving coil 207 in the power receiver 213 generates a high-frequency alternating current due to the high-frequency alternating magnetic field generated by the power transmitter 212, and converts the high-frequency alternating current into a direct current after passing through the rectifier 209 to supply power to the load 210. The receiver coil 207 also needs a capacitor 208 for reactive compensation.
Fig. 3 is a diagram for two typical loads in a wireless power transfer device. The two terminals 301 and 303 are diode rectifier bridges, which rectify the ac current output from the front end into dc current to supply power to the load. Generally, the load of the wireless power transmission device can be divided into two types, namely a resistive load 302 and a battery load 304, the current flowing through the resistive load is proportional to the voltage at the two ends, and the battery load is characterized in that the output voltage does not change along with the change of the output power in a period of time, so that different loads are used in the wireless power transmission system and have different offset characteristics. The invention is suitable for two loads, both have anti-offset characteristics, and the design method of three coil mutual inductances and the calculation method of three compensation capacitors provided by the invention are also suitable for two loads, and in addition, by adopting the device of the invention, for the battery load 304, under the condition of more offset, because the no-load output voltage of the circuit is less than the battery voltage, the function of automatic current cut-off can be realized, the function is very favorable for application, and the system still transmits power when the offset is too large and the transmission power is very small, so the automatic current cut-off is a good characteristic.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an ac equivalent circuit according to the present invention. In the figure, 401 is an input ac power source, 403, 405, and 408 represent a transmission coil, a relay coil, and a reception coil, respectively, and their inductance values are L 1 、L 2 、L 3 Mutual inductance between the transmitter coil and the relay coil is M 12 Mutual inductance between the transmitter coil and the receiver coil is M 13 Mutual inductance between the relay coil and the receiving coil is M 23 . In the figure, 402, 406 and 409 are compensation capacitors connected in series with the transmitting coil, the relay coil and the receiving coil, and the capacitance values thereof are respectively C 1 、C 2 、C 3 . In the figure, 404, 407, and 411 are ac resistors of the transmission coil, the relay coil, and the reception coil, respectively, and their resistance values are R, respectively 1 、R 2 、R 3 . At 410 is a load resistor having a resistance R L 。
A method of designing mutual inductance in a wireless power transmission apparatus for realizing anti-offset using a three-coil structure and a method of calculating a compensation capacitance value will be described below. It is now necessary to design a system with an input dc voltage of U idc Output DC voltage of U odc The working frequency is f, the output power of the opposite position is P a The maximum output power is p times the direct position output power (for example, p =1.12, which may be specified according to actual requirements). The following is the design method:
1. the following three quantities are first calculated:
1) Calculating the effective value of the output of the inverter, i.e. the input AC voltage to the transmitting coil
2) Calculating the effective value of the AC voltage output by the receiving coil
3) Calculating the equivalent AC resistance of a load
2. The mutual inductance between the three coils is next designed:
1) Calculating constants
2) Designing mutual inductance between a transmitter coil and a receiver coil
3) Designing mutual inductance M between relay coil and receiver coil 23 And mutual inductance M between the transmitting coil and the relay coil 12 Ratio of
3. The shape, size, number of turns and position relation of the three coils are designed through simulation or experiment (a shielding layer or a magnetic core can be added according to requirements), mutual inductance between the three coils is matched with the conditions in the step 2, and simulation software (such as finite element simulation software like Maxwell) is used for simulation calculation or measurement to obtain inductance of the three coilsValue L 1 、L 2 、L 3 。
4. Capacitance values of three compensation capacitors are calculated:
1) Calculating the angular frequency omega =2 pi f corresponding to the system working frequency f;
2) Calculating the capacitance value of the compensating capacitor of the transmitting coil
3) Calculating the capacitance value of the compensation capacitor of the relay coil
4) Calculating the capacitance value of the compensation capacitor of the receiving coil
After the circuit is designed according to the method, the input voltage and the input current of the alternating current equivalent circuit of the wireless power transmission device can be ensured to be in phase at the opposite position, namely, no reactive power exists, and therefore the potential of the transmission power of the whole system can be maximally excavated. From the opposite position, in a certain offset range, along with the increase of the offset distance, the output power of the system slightly rises in a larger offset range and then falls, so that the whole system obtains better offset resistance.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary simulation system of the present invention.
The design goals of this wireless power transfer system are: the input direct-current voltage is 400V, the output direct-current voltage is 300V, the operating frequency is 85kHz, the power of the opposite position is 3.3kW, and the maximum output power is 1.12 times of the output power of the opposite position. By using the above method, the mutual inductance M between the transmitter coil and the receiver coil can be calculated 13 =30.834 muH, relay coil and connection are designedMutual inductance M between the winding coils 23 And mutual inductance M between the transmitting coil and the relay coil 12 The ratio of (A) to (B) is 0.75. The system needs to be designed to match the conditions of mutual inductance.
Through simulation calculation of finite element software, a simulation system as shown in fig. 5 can be obtained. The schematic diagram is a designed infinite electric energy transmission system. In the schematic diagram, diagram (a) is a top view of the power transmitter. 501 is a shielding layer made of aluminum plate, whose side length is 555mm and thickness is 2mm.504 is a magnetic core made of ferrite, and its side length is 380mm and thickness is 3.5mm.502 is a transmitting coil, which is formed by winding litz wire with the diameter of 2.6mm at equal intervals, wherein the outer side length of the transmitting coil is 350mm, the inner side length of the transmitting coil is 255mm, and 9 turns are wound in total. 503 is a relay coil, which is also made by winding litz wire with 2.6mm diameter at equal intervals, and its outer side length is 250mm, and its inner length is 90mm, and it has 19 turns. Fig. (b) is a bottom view of the power receiver. 505 is a shield layer, and the material specification is the same as that of the shield layer 501. Reference numeral 507 denotes a magnetic core, and the material specification is the same as 504. 506 is a receiving coil, which is also made by winding litz wire with 2.6mm diameter at equal intervals, the outer side length of which is 350mm, the inner length of which is 90mm, and the total number of 40 turns. FIG. (c) is a side sectional view of the whole apparatus. The distance between the lower surface of the shielding layer 505 of the power receiver and the lower surface of the magnetic core 507 of the power receiver is 14mm. The distance between the lower surface of the receiving coil 506 and the lower surface of the shield 507 is 20mm. The distance between the upper surface of the shielding layer 501 of the power transmitter and the lower surface of the shielding layer 504 of the power receiver is 240mm. The upper surface of the magnetic core 504 of the power transmitter is at a distance of 14mm from the upper surface of the shielding layer 501. The distance between the upper surfaces of the transmitter coil 502 and the relay coil 503 and the upper surface of the shield layer 501 is 20mm.
The inductance L of the transmitting coil can be obtained through simulation 1 =80.6 muh, inductance L of relay coil 2 =133.0 μ H, inductance L of the receiving coil 1 =642.5 muH, mutual inductance M of transmitter coil and relay coil 12 =44.0 μ H, mutual inductance M of transmitting coil and receiving coil 13 =30.6 μ H, mutual inductance M of relay coil and receiving coil 23 =32.8 μ H. By the calculation method described hereinbeforeThe compensation capacitance C of the transmitting coil can be obtained by calculation 1 =43.5nF, relay coil compensation capacitor C 2 =20.1nF, receiver coil compensation capacitor C 3 ＝5.46nF。
Fig. 6 is an ac equivalent circuit diagram of a wireless power transmission system of SS (Series-Series) topology. In the figure, 601 is an input alternating current power supply, 603 and 604 are a transmitting coil and a receiving coil, 602 is a compensation capacitor of self-inductance of the transmitting coil, 606 is a compensation capacitor of self-inductance of the receiving coil, 604 and 608 are alternating current resistance of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil respectively, and 607 is an equivalent alternating current load resistance.
Fig. 7 is an ac equivalent circuit diagram of a wireless power transmission system of a bilateral LCC (Double-sized LCC) topology. In the figure, 701 is an input alternating current power supply, 705 and 707 are a transmitting coil and a receiving coil, respectively, 706 and 709 are alternating current resistances of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, 704 and 708 are series compensation capacitors of a transmitting side and a receiving side, respectively, 703 and 710 are parallel compensation capacitors of the transmitting side and the receiving side, 702 and 711 are compensation inductors of the transmitting side and the receiving side, respectively, and 712 is an equivalent alternating current load resistance.
Fig. 8 is a graph of output power as a function of offset distance for the system of fig. 5 using a resistive load. It can be seen that within 120mm of offset distance, the system has very good offset resistance compared to the conventional two-coil SS compensation and LCC compensation.
Fig. 9 is a graph of output power as a function of offset distance for the system of fig. 5 using a battery load. It can be seen that within an offset distance of 115mm, the system has very good offset resistance compared to the conventional two-coil SS compensation and LCC compensation. And, the output power of the system is zero outside the offset distance of 140mm, i.e. the system automatically stops working, achieving automatic current cut-off, which is a very beneficial characteristic in a wireless power transmission system.
Claims (3)
1. A wireless power transmission apparatus for improving an anti-deflection capability using a three-coil structure, the apparatus comprising a power transmitter for wirelessly transmitting power to a power receiver; the power transmitter is internally provided with two coils which are coaxially arranged, wherein one coil is used as a transmitting coil, the other coil is used as a relay coil, and the power transmitter also comprises a compensation capacitor and an inverter which are used for respectively compensating the two coils; the power receiver is provided with a receiving coil, a compensation capacitor of the receiving coil and a rectifier;
the mutual inductance between the three coils is designed according to the following method:
calculating constants
Designing mutual inductance between transmitter coil and receiver coil
Designing mutual inductance M between relay coil and receiver coil 23 Mutual inductance M between transmitter coil and relay coil 12 Ratio of
Wherein P is the maximum output power of the designed system relative to the output power P at the opposite position a Multiple of (f) the system operating frequency, U i The transmitting coil is fed with an effective value of the alternating voltage,
U idc for input of a DC voltage, R L Is the equivalent alternating current resistance of the load,
U o for the receiving coil to output the effective value of the alternating voltage,
U odc to output a direct current voltage;
through simulation or experimental design IIIThe mutual inductance of the coils is matched with the above conditions by the shape, size, number of turns and position relationship of the coils, and the inductance values L of the transmitting coil, the relay coil and the receiving coil are obtained by simulation calculation or measurement 1 、L 2 、L 3 ；
The capacitance values of the compensation capacitors corresponding to the three coils are determined by the following method:
capacitance value of compensating capacitor of transmitting coil
Capacitance value of relay coil compensation capacitor
Capacitance value of compensation capacitor of receiving coil
Where ω is an angular frequency corresponding to the system operating frequency f, and ω =2 π f.
2. The wireless power transmission apparatus having an improved anti-drift capability using a three-coil structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the load of the wireless power transmission apparatus is a battery load, which can achieve not only anti-drift but also automatic current interruption.
3. The wireless power transfer device with improved resistance to deflection using a three coil structure of claim 1 wherein the load of the wireless power transfer device is a resistive load.
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| CN112874330A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-01 | 华北电力大学 | Magnetic coupler system and relay coil switching method |
| CN113162253A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-23 | 上海科技大学 | Planar wireless charging transmitter based on relay coil |
| CN113844286B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-04-28 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Wireless charging system of electric automobile |
| CN113937907A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-01-14 | 重庆前卫无线电能传输研究院有限公司 | Cabin type aircraft based on wireless power supply and circuit parameter design method thereof |
| CN114161954A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-03-11 | 袁志鹏 | Magnetic coupling mechanism and compensation circuit design for wireless charging of electric automobile |
| CN115085396B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2023-06-20 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Multi-parameter optimization method for three-coil coupling mechanism based on inductive decoupling |
| CN117060598A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-14 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Wireless charging system and electronic system |
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