CN112255286A - Integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device and method - Google Patents
Integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device and method, which comprises bionic leaves, bionic stems, a trunk, bionic roots, an electrode unit, a water storage and drainage unit and a control unit, wherein the bionic leaves are arranged on the trunk; the bionic stem is provided with a hollow pipeline structure, a water storage and drainage unit is arranged in the trunk, one end of the bionic stem is communicated with the communicating hole, the other end of the bionic stem is communicated with the water storage and drainage unit through the trunk, and the bionic roots are arranged at the lower part of the trunk and are communicated with the water storage and drainage unit; an electrode unit is arranged at the bottom of the water storage and drainage unit; according to the invention, moisture in the environment is collected through the bionic structure, moisture migration is accurately controlled, and a sufficient amount of ion micro-solution is formed on the surface of the sensor electrode in a heterogeneous system, so that the ion concentration detection condition is met, and the on-line detection of the ion concentration of the culture substrate is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation information detection, and particularly relates to an integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device and method.
Background
The substrate cultivation is one of the main modes of facility gardening production, and in order to adapt to the development direction of agricultural digitalization, networking and intellectualization, the facility gardening provides requirements for real-time acquisition and management of nutrient information of a cultivation soil substrate, so that the soil substrate fertility is accurately regulated and controlled according to the growth needs of plants, the quality and the efficiency of agricultural production are improved, the pollution is reduced, and the energy conservation and the emission reduction are realized.
The soil matrix for cultivation is a heterogeneous system formed by mixing various mineral substances, organic inorganic substance particles, a certain amount of water and air. The current difficulty of on-line determination of the concentration of certain ions in a heterogeneous system is large because the ion selective electrode based on which the current ion concentration sensor is mainly based is developed aiming at the solution environment, and a sensitive layer of the ion concentration sensor can be rapidly and accurately measured after being fully contacted with a solution. After the sensor is immersed in a heterogeneous system, a sensitive layer of the sensor is in contact with solid, liquid and gas in the heterogeneous system, and the contact form and the detection environment are very complex, so that the relative error is large, and the accuracy and the adaptability are poor. Previous studies have indicated that the relative error of online pH measurements in matrix samples with a volume moisture content of 80% has reached 15%, with the error increasing further as the moisture content decreases; the volume water content of the common culture medium is 20% -40%, so that no effective on-line detection means aiming at the ion concentration of the culture medium exists at present.
Aiming at the current situation, Zhang Xiliang, Xukun and the like propose to construct a super-hydrophilic pH sensor in 2016 to detect the pH value of a culture medium in real time. For example, in chinese patent zl201610301183.x and PCT patent US16078038, the surfaces of the working electrode and the reference electrode are microtextured by femtosecond laser, so that super-hydrophilicity of the surfaces is realized, water drops can be rapidly spread on the surfaces of the electrodes, and the detection environment of the electrodes is improved; however, only the sensor electrode is subjected to micro-texture processing, so that only the electrode has super-hydrophilic performance, only solution and hydrogen ions which are contacted with the electrode can be adsorbed and detected, and the water absorption and detection adaptability is limited. Furthermore, the volumetric water content of the growth substrate for a portion of plants suitable for growing in dry environments can be as low as 10%, and the sensor superhydrophilic surface cannot obtain sufficient water from such a growth substrate to spread over the electrode surface, limiting its further use.
In the current agricultural production, the technologies for collecting and storing environmental moisture and utilizing the environmental moisture so as to realize the efficient utilization of water resources are very many: for example, the room temperature regulating system simulating the transpiration of trees disclosed in chinese patent CN201610991915.2 absorbs environmental moisture through the porous material of the roof, and then collects the environmental moisture into a designated container through the tree-shaped duct; further, as shown in chinese patent CN201620193339.2, a bionic irrigation device for taking water from air is disclosed. The technologies can effectively collect moisture in the air and supplement the moisture to the soil environment when needed, but the collection and utilization of surface water are neglected, and the problem of inaccurate moisture regulation exists. In the ion concentration detection process of the culture substrate, excessive moisture is supplemented to the position near the sensor electrode, although the ion solution environment is favorably formed, the ion concentration in the area is diluted, and the detection result is distorted; however, insufficient water supply will cause the surface of the electrode to form a solution environment, resulting in a large error in the detection result.
Xunkun in 2017 on 'full-solid-state pH sensor based on modified film and application research', Gunn in 2018 on 'flat-plate full-solid-state pH sensor and response characteristic research' corrects pH measured values of various mixed matrixes by a temperature and humidity double compensation method.
In summary, the existing ion concentration sensor and crop moisture collection and utilization device can not completely meet the requirement of online detection of ion concentration of the culture substrate, and mainly have two problems: firstly, the existing electrode has limited surface water absorption capacity, so that the problems of insufficient electrode moisture and insufficient formation of ionic solution are caused; secondly, moisture cannot be supplied to the electrode area properly and accurately, resulting in a problem of a large detection error of the ion concentration of the culture substrate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an integrated bionic culture substrate ion concentration online detection device and method, which collect water in the environment through a bionic structure, accurately control water migration, enable the surface of a sensor electrode in a heterogeneous system to form enough ionic micro-solution, and meet ion concentration detection conditions, thereby realizing the online detection of the ion concentration of a culture substrate, providing real-time and reliable culture production process environment information for precise and intelligent agriculture, promoting the digitization and intellectualization of facility agricultural culture, and solving the online detection problem of the ion concentration in the heterogeneous systems such as the culture substrate and the like, particularly the problems that the surface water absorption capacity of the sensor electrode is weak, and the sensor electrode cannot be supplemented with water properly and accurately.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device comprises bionic leaves, bionic stems, a trunk, bionic roots, an electrode unit, a water storage and drainage unit and a control unit;
the bionic stem is provided with a hollow pipeline structure, a water storage and drainage unit is arranged in the trunk, one end of the bionic stem is communicated with the communicating hole, the other end of the bionic stem is communicated with the water storage and drainage unit through the trunk, and the bionic roots are arranged at the lower part of the trunk and are communicated with the water storage and drainage unit; an electrode unit is arranged at the bottom of the water storage and drainage unit;
the water storage and drainage unit comprises a water tank, a sealing cavity and a micro-water pump; the upper surface of the water tank is communicated with the bionic stem and the bionic root, and the lower surface of the water tank is provided with a water outlet which is communicated with the sealing cavity; the micro water pump comprises a pump membrane, a magnetic metal sheet, an electromagnet and a spring, wherein the pump membrane is arranged in the sealed cavity and is right opposite to the water outlet; the spring is sleeved on the electromagnet, the upper end of the spring is connected with the magnetic metal sheet, and the pump membrane is pushed to abut against the water outlet; a water outlet is formed in the lower surface of the sealing cavity and on the side of the shielding shell;
the electrode unit comprises a substrate and a micro water channel, wherein a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the side surface of the substrate, and the bottom surface of the substrate is a self-conveying surface with super-hydrophilic center and hydrophobic periphery; the micro water channel penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the base and is communicated with a water outlet at the bottom of the water storage and drainage unit; an ion concentration sensitive electrode is arranged in the central area of the self-conveying surface, and the surface of the ion concentration sensitive electrode is super-hydrophilic;
the control unit is respectively connected with the electromagnet, the ion concentration sensitive electrode and the temperature and humidity sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor is used for detecting the water content and the temperature in the cultivation matrix and transmitting the water content and the temperature to the control unit, the control unit controls the water storage and drainage unit to replenish water according to the water content, the ion concentration sensitive electrode is used for collecting the ion concentration in the cultivation matrix and transmitting the ion concentration to the control unit, and the control unit corrects the measurement result according to the real-time water content measured by the temperature and humidity sensor and the replenished water amount.
In the scheme, the bionic root comprises a semicircular self-conveying water chute with the inner surface having a moisture directional conveying function; the self-conveying water guide groove is connected with a semicircular bracket, and a one-way water absorption layer covers the periphery of the bracket; wherein the self-conveying water guide groove and the outer surface of the one-way water absorption layer are combined into a cylinder.
Furthermore, micro pits are distributed on the inner wall of the self-transportation water guide groove, and the diameter of each micro pit of the self-transportation water guide groove is defined as D43The distance between the self-conveying water guide groove micro pits is h43Self-transporting water chute deviation rate
Delta of simultaneous self-transporting flume43The distribution is as follows:
wherein H43For self-transporting the length of the flume, S43The vertical distance from the micro pit to the tail end of the self-transporting water guide groove is calculated by the following formula43The distance h between adjacent micro-pits43：
In the above scheme, the ion concentration sensitive electrode comprises a working electrode and a reference electrode:
the working electrode comprises a first copper foil coated on the surface of the substrate, and the first graphene is coated on the upper surface of the first copper foil; the ion sensitive layer covers the first graphene base and the surrounding substrate; the upper surface of the ion sensitive layer is also coated with a first modification film;
the reference electrode comprises a second copper foil coated on the surface of the substrate, and a second graphene is coated on the upper surface of the second copper foil; the silver layer covers the second graphene base and the upper part of the surrounding substrate; the silver layer is covered above the silver layer, and the second decorative film covers the upper surface of the silver chloride layer.
In the scheme, the self-transport surface is fully distributed with micro pits, and the diameter of the micro pits on the self-transport surface is defined as D56Defining the distance between micro pits on the self-transporting surface as h56Self-transporting surface offset ratio
Delta of simultaneous self-transport surface56The distribution is as follows:
wherein H56Length of longest diagonal of self-transporting surface, S56The linear distance from the micro-pit to the center point of the self-transport surface; calculating the linear distance S from the center point of the self-transport surface by the following formula56The distance h between adjacent micro-pits56：
In the scheme, the solar energy battery pack further comprises a solar panel; the solar cell panel is connected with the control unit.
The detection method of the integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the bionic leaves collect water and are conveyed to a water storage tank for storage through the bionic stems; the bionic roots collect surface water and convey the surface water to a water storage tank for storage;
when the ion concentration is detected, firstly, the temperature and moisture sensor detects the water content and the temperature in the culture medium and sends the result to the control unit, and the control unit judges whether water supplement and water supplement amount are needed according to the real-time water content of the culture medium; the ion concentration sensitive electrode is used for collecting the ion concentration in the culture medium and transmitting the ion concentration to the control unit, and the control unit carries out temperature and humidity double compensation correction on the measurement result according to the real-time water content measured by the temperature and humidity sensor, the supplemented water content and the temperature.
In the above scheme, the control unit judges whether water needs to be supplemented and the water supplement amount is specifically as follows according to the real-time water content of the culture medium:
the temperature and humidity sensor measures the temperature T and the water content of soil nearby the ion concentration sensitive electrode surface area M, and if omega is larger than or equal to a preset value, the ion concentration is directly measured, and the actual water content omega' is the measured water content; if omega is less than the preset value, the control unit controls the electromagnet to start, pulls the pump membrane to be separated from the water outlet, water flows into the sealed cavity and permeates into the self-transport surface positioned on the bottom surface of the substrate through the water outlet, water is supplemented according to the volume of 2M (1-omega) by controlling the opening and closing time of the pump membrane, and water is directionally transferred to the surface of the ion concentration sensitive electrode under the action of the self-transport surface microtexture.
In the above scheme, the temperature and humidity double compensation correction specifically includes:
the temperature and humidity double compensation correction formula is as follows: e ═ E' + Δ E1+ΔE2，
Wherein E' is the value of ion concentration measured directly by the ion concentration sensitive electrode,. DELTA.E1Is a temperature compensated error term, written
Parameter K1、K2、K3Depending on the type of substrate,. DELTA.E2Is an error term in the water cut compensation written as Δ E2＝C1ω+C2，C1、C2Also depending on the type of substrate;
therefore, the ion concentration value after the temperature and humidity double compensation correction is as follows:
wherein K is K3+C2And is a generally constant term.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: collect and store moisture from ambient air and culture medium through integrated bionic means, can quantitatively discharge to the self-transport surface when needing, and directional accurate gathering to sensor ion concentration sensitive electrode surface, form the required slightly soluble liquid environment of ion concentration detection on the electrode, thereby thoroughly solved current ion concentration sensor because the moisture is not enough around the electrode in culture medium, electrode hydroscopicity scheduling problem not enough, also solved current moisture and collected the unable right amount of utilization equipment, accurate supplementary required moisture that detects, the big problem of detection error that leads to, simultaneously revise the measuring result according to the real-time water content in the culture medium through temperature and humidity sensor, realized that culture medium ion concentration is quick, accurate on-line measuring, it is good to detection environment adaptability. In addition, the invention adopts self-transportation technology in the parts of the simulated rooting, the electrode unit and the like, does not need energy consumption, and has simple and compact structure, energy saving and environmental protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of an integrated bionic culture substrate ion concentration on-line detection device of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective sectional view of a water storage and drainage unit in a trunk according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the water storage and drainage unit in the trunk in combination with other components of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the main components of the bionic root of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a view in the direction of a-a in fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a structural sectional view of the working electrode of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the reference electrode of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the integrated bionic device for detecting ion concentration in culture medium.
Wherein, 1, bionic leaves; 11. a communicating hole; 2. a bionic stem; 3. a trunk; 31. an upper communicating vessel; 32. a flow guide channel; 33. a support plate; 34. a lower communicating vessel; 4. root simulation; 41. a water-absorbing layer; 42. a support; 43. a self-conveying water chute; 5. an electrode unit; 51. an ion concentration sensitive electrode; 52. a substrate; 53. a micro water channel; 54. a working electrode; 541. a first modifying film; 542. an ion concentration sensitive layer; 543. a first graphene group; 544. a first copper foil; 55. a reference electrode; 551. a second modified membrane; 552. a silver chloride layer; 553. a silver layer; 554. a second graphene group; 555. a second copper foil; 56. a self-transporting surface; 6. a water storage and drainage unit; 61. a water tank; 611. a water outlet; 62. sealing the cavity; 63. a micro-water pump; 631. an electromagnet; 632. a spring; 633. a pump membrane; 634. a magnetic metal sheet; 64. a shield case; 65. a water outlet; 7. a solar panel; 8. a control unit; 81 display screen, 82 control buttons, 83 protective cover.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of the integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device of the present invention is shown, and the integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device includes a bionic leaf 1, a bionic stem 2, a trunk 3, a bionic root 4, an electrode unit 5, a water storage and drainage unit 6, and a control unit 8.
The bottom of the bionic leaf 1 is provided with a communicating hole 11, the bionic stem 2 is of a hollow pipeline structure, and a water storage and drainage unit 6 is arranged in the trunk 3; the bionic stem 2 is communicated with a water storage and drainage unit 6 through a trunk 3, and the bionic root 4 is communicated with the water storage and drainage unit 6; the bottom of the water storage and drainage unit 6 is provided with an electrode unit 5.
An upper communicating vessel 31, a flow guide channel 32 and a lower communicating vessel 34 are also arranged in the trunk 3; one end of the flow guide channel 32 is connected with the upper communicating vessel 31, and the other end is connected with the lower communicating vessel 34; one end of the bionic stem 2 is communicated with the communicating hole 11, and the other end of the bionic stem 2 penetrates through the side wall of the main stem 3 and is communicated with the upper communicating vessel 31; the upper end of the water storage and drainage unit 6 is communicated with a lower communicating vessel 34; the simulated roots 4 pass through the side wall of the trunk 3 and are communicated with a lower communicating vessel 34. In order to increase the mechanical strength of the trunk, a support plate 33 is further arranged inside the trunk 3, and a control unit 8 is arranged above the trunk 3.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the water storage and drainage unit 6 comprises a water tank 61, a sealed cavity 62 and a micro water pump 63; the upper surface of the water tank 61 is communicated with the bionic stem 2 and the bionic root 4, the upper surface of the water storage tank 61 is communicated with the lower communicating vessel 34, the lower surface of the water tank 61 is provided with a water outlet 611, and the water outlet 611 is communicated with the sealed cavity 62; the micro-water pump 63 comprises a pump film 633, a magnetic metal sheet 634, an electromagnet 631 and a spring 632, wherein the pump film 633 is arranged in the sealed cavity 62 and faces the water outlet 611, the magnetic metal sheet 634 is arranged below the pump film 633, the electromagnet 631 is arranged below the magnetic metal sheet 634, and the electromagnet 631 is arranged in the shielding shell 64 connected below the sealed cavity 62; the spring 632 is sleeved on the electromagnet 631, the upper end of the spring 632 is connected with the magnetic metal sheet 634, and the pump film 633 is pushed to abut against the water outlet 611; a drain opening 65 is provided on the lower surface of the sealed chamber 62 and on the side of the shield case 64. According to the invention, moisture in ambient air and a culture medium environment is actively collected by integrating the bionic leaves 1 and the bionic roots 4, the moisture is stored in the water tank 61, and water is drained to the electrode unit 5 under the control of the micro-water pump 63 when needed, so that the ion concentration online detection requirement under culture mediums with different water contents is met, and the environment adaptability is good.
As shown in fig. 3, the electrode unit 5 includes a substrate 52 and a micro water channel 53, a temperature and humidity sensor 57 is installed on a side surface of the substrate 52, and a self-transporting surface 56 with a super-hydrophilic center and a hydrophobic periphery is arranged on a bottom surface of the substrate 52; the micro water channel 53 penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate 52 and is communicated with a water outlet 65 at the bottom of the water storage and drainage unit 6; an ion concentration sensitive electrode 51 is arranged in the central area of the self-conveying surface 56, and the surface of the ion concentration sensitive electrode 51 is super-hydrophilic. According to the invention, the self-conveying surface 56 is prepared on the substrate 52 surrounded by the ion concentration sensitive electrode 51, so that liquid drops on the self-conveying surface 56 can spontaneously move to the ion concentration sensitive electrode 51 at the center, the water absorption range of the electrode is expanded, the water absorption capacity is improved, and the sensor has better environment adaptability than the existing sensor electrode even if water is not supplemented.
The control unit 8 is respectively connected with the electromagnet 631, the ion concentration sensitive electrode 51 and the temperature and humidity sensor 57, the temperature and humidity sensor 57 is used for detecting the water content and the temperature in the cultivation matrix and transmitting the water content and the temperature to the control unit 8, the control unit 8 controls the water storage and drainage unit 6 to replenish water according to the water content, the ion concentration sensitive electrode 51 is used for collecting the ion concentration in the cultivation matrix and transmitting the ion concentration to the control unit 8, and the control unit 8 performs temperature and humidity double compensation correction on the measurement result according to the real-time water content measured by the temperature and humidity sensor 57, the replenished water amount and the temperature. When the water content is less than the preset value, the control unit 8 controls the combination of the electromagnet 631 and the magnetic metal sheet 634, so that the pump film 633 is pushed to separate from the water outlet 611, water flows into the sealing cavity 62, permeates into the self-transport surface 56 on the bottom surface of the substrate 52 through the water outlet 65, and directionally migrates to the surface of the ion concentration sensitive electrode 51 under the microtexture effect of the self-transport surface 56; the ion concentration sensitive electrode 51 is used for collecting the ion concentration in the culture medium and transmitting the ion concentration to the control unit 8, and the control unit 8 corrects the measurement result according to the real-time water content, the supplemented water amount and the temperature measured by the temperature and humidity sensor 57 and finally outputs the corrected result to the display screen 81 in a digital form.
As shown in FIG. 4, the simulated root 4 comprises a semicircular self-conveying water chute 43 with the inner surface having the function of directional water conveying; the self-conveying water guide groove 43 is connected with a semicircular bracket 42, and the periphery of the bracket 42 is covered with a one-way water absorption layer 41; wherein the self-conveying water guide groove 43 and the outer surface of the one-way water absorption layer 41 are combined into a cylinder shape.
As shown in fig. 5 to 7, the ion concentration-sensitive electrode 51 includes a working electrode 54 and a reference electrode 55: the working electrode 54 comprises a first copper foil 544 coated on the surface of the substrate 52, and a first graphene group 543 coated on the upper surface of the first copper foil 544; the ion sensitive layer 542 covers the first graphene group 543 and the surrounding substrate 52; the upper surface of the ion sensitive layer 542 is further coated with a first modification film 541; the reference electrode 55 comprises a second copper foil 555 coated on the surface of the substrate 52, and a second graphene group 554 is coated on the upper surface of the second copper foil 555; a silver layer 553 overlies the second graphene base 554 and the surrounding substrate 52; the silver layer 553 is covered with a silver chloride layer 552 generated by reaction, and the second modification film 551 covers the upper surface of the silver chloride layer 552.
The ion concentration sensitive layer 542 is a material layer having a special response to a certain ion in a solution, and may be a single metal oxide layer, such as iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, titanium dioxide, tantalum pentoxide, tin oxide, etc., a metal and its oxide layer, such as an antimony/antimony oxide layer, a zinc/zinc oxide layer, or a metal oxide layer of different valence states, such as antimony trioxide/antimony pentoxide, iridium oxide/iridium dioxide.
The self-transporting surface 56 is lined with micro-pits, and the diameter of the micro-pits on the self-transporting surface is defined as D56Defining the distance between micro pits on the self-transporting surface as h56Self-transporting surface offset ratio
While self-transporting surface 56 delta56The distribution is as follows:
wherein H56Is the length of the longest diagonal, S, of the self-transport surface 5656Is the linear distance of the dimple from the center point of the self-transporting surface 56; the linear distance S from the center point of the self-transport surface 56 is calculated by the following formula56The distance h between adjacent micro-pits56：
Following pair of δ56The distribution formula makes the following explanation:
by
It is understood that the shift ratio of the central region of the self-transport surface is 0.2, the shift ratio of the outermost region is 2, and the shift ratio of the other regions is determined by the length of the dimple from the center at that point.
This is because the lower the offset ratio, the smaller the pitch of adjacent pits, the larger the specific surface area, which enhances the hydrophilicity in the case of alumina ceramics, and thus the central region exhibits super hydrophilicity. If the offset ratio is further reduced to a negative value, the overlapping of adjacent pits is shown, when the offset ratio is more than-40%, the offset ratio does not have a significant influence on the hydrophilicity, but the offset ratio is further reduced, the overlapping degree is increased, the pits gradually become grooves, the hydrophilicity is reduced, the surface roughness is increased, and therefore the offset ratio of the central area is set to be 0.2 in combination with the influences of the processing efficiency and the hydrophilicity. On the other hand, when the off-set ratio is more than 2, the micro texture hardly affects the surface wettability, and therefore the off-set ratio in the outermost periphery is set to 2.
Correspondingly, micro pits are distributed on the inner wall of the self-transportation water guide groove 43, and the diameter of the micro pits of the self-transportation water guide groove is defined as D43The distance between the self-conveying water guide groove micro pits is h43Self-transporting water chute deviation rate
While self-transporting delta of water chute 4343The distribution is as follows:
wherein H43For the length of the self-conveying water chute 43, S43The vertical distance from the micro-pit to the end of the self-transporting water chute 43 is calculated by the following formula43The distance h between adjacent micro-pits43：
As shown in fig. 8, a control unit 8 is installed above the trunk 3, a protective cover 83 is provided on a side wall of the control unit 8, and a display screen 81 and a control button 82 are installed inside the protective cover; the top of the control unit 8 is also provided with a solar panel 7, and the solar panel 7 is connected with the control unit 8.
In the preferred embodiment, the bionic leaf 1, the bionic stem 2, the diversion channel 32, the water storage tank 61 and the sealed cavity 62 are all made of hydrophobic materials, so that water drops can flow more smoothly on the surfaces of the components.
Example 2
The detection method of the integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
the bionic leaves 1 collect water and are conveyed to the water storage tank 61 for storage through the bionic stems 2 and the flow guide channels 32; the simulated roots 4 are collected with surface water through the one-way water absorption layer 41 and are conveyed to the water storage tank 61 for storage through the self-conveying water guide groove 43;
when the ion concentration is detected, the temperature and humidity sensor 57 detects the water content and the temperature in the culture medium and sends the result to the control unit 8, and the current flat-plate temperature and humidity sensor can meet the accuracy requirement of the water content detection; the control unit 8 judges whether water is needed to be supplemented and the water supplementing amount according to the real-time water content of the culture medium, when water is needed to be supplemented, the electromagnet 631 is controlled to be started, the pump membrane 633 is pulled to be separated from the water outlet 611, water flows into the sealing cavity 62, penetrates into the self-conveying surface 56 positioned on the bottom surface of the substrate 52 through the water outlet 65, and directionally migrates to the surface of the sensitive electrode 51 under the action of the microtexture;
the water is migrated to the surface of the ion concentration sensitive electrode 51, ions in nearby matrixes are dissolved and brought to the surface of the sensitive electrode 51, so that ion detection conditions are formed, the control unit 8 collects signals obtained by the ion concentration sensitive electrode 51, corrects measurement results according to the real-time water content measured by the temperature and humidity sensor 57 and the supplemented water amount, performs temperature and humidity double compensation correction on the measurement results according to the real-time water content measured by the temperature and humidity sensor 57, the supplemented water amount and the temperature, and finally outputs the temperature and humidity double compensation correction to the display screen 81 in a digital mode.
The control unit 8 judges whether water is needed to be supplemented according to the real-time water content of the culture medium and the water supplementing amount is as follows:
ion concentration sensitive electrode 51 surface area M (unit mm)2) The temperature and humidity sensor 57 measures the temperature T (unit K) of the soil nearby and the water content omega, if omega is more than or equal to 50%, the ion concentration is directly measured, and the actual water content omega' is the measured water content; if omega<50 percent, the control unit 8 controls the electromagnet 631 to start, pulls the pump film 633 to separate from the water outlet 611, water flows into the sealed cavity 62, permeates into the self-conveying surface 56 positioned on the bottom surface of the substrate 52 through the water outlet 65, water is supplemented according to the volume of 2M (1-omega) unit ml by controlling the opening and closing time of the pump film 633, water is directionally transferred to the surface of the ion concentration sensitive electrode 51 under the action of the microtexture of the self-conveying surface 56, and the actual water content omega' after water supplementation is approximately equal to 50 percent.
The temperature and humidity double compensation method can correct the deviation of the ion concentration measurement value caused by the temperature and humidity change in a certain range, and the temperature and humidity double compensation correction specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature and humidity double compensation correction formula is as follows: e ═ E' + Δ E1+ΔE2，
Wherein E' is the ion concentration value directly measured by the sensor, Delta E1Is a temperature compensated error term, generally written as
Parameter K1、K2、K3Depending on the type of substrate,. DELTA.E2Is an error term in the water cut compensation, generally written as Δ E2＝C1ω+C2，C1、C2Also depending on the type of substrate; the above parameters can be obtained by looking up the reference values, for example, relevant parameters of vermiculite matrix are disclosed in ' full solid pH sensor based on modified film and application research ' and vinegar residue, peat soil, perlite and mixture are disclosed in ' research on plate type full solid pH sensor and response characteristics thereofThe relevant parameters of (1); for the culture substrate without direct reference, the related parameters need to be obtained by a sample calibration mode.
Therefore, the ion concentration value after the temperature and humidity double compensation correction is as follows:
wherein K is K3+C2And is a generally constant term.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device is characterized by comprising bionic leaves (1), bionic stems (2), a trunk (3), bionic roots (4), an electrode unit (5), a water storage and drainage unit (6) and a control unit (8);
the bionic leaf is characterized in that a communicating hole (11) is formed in the bottom of the bionic leaf (1), the bionic stem (2) is of a hollow pipeline structure, a water storage and drainage unit (6) is arranged in the trunk (3), one end of the bionic stem (2) is communicated with the communicating hole (11), the other end of the bionic stem is communicated with the water storage and drainage unit (6) through the trunk (3), and the bionic root (4) is arranged at the lower part of the trunk (3) and communicated with the water storage and drainage unit (6); the bottom of the water storage and drainage unit (6) is provided with an electrode unit (5);
the water storage and drainage unit (6) comprises a water tank (61), a sealed cavity (62) and a micro water pump (63); the upper surface of the water tank (61) is communicated with the bionic stem (2) and the bionic root (4), the lower surface of the water tank (61) is provided with a water outlet (611), and the water outlet (611) is communicated with the sealed cavity (62); the micro water pump (63) comprises a pump film (633), a magnetic metal sheet (634), an electromagnet (631) and a spring (632), wherein the pump film (633) is installed in the sealed cavity (62) and is opposite to the water outlet (611), the magnetic metal sheet (634) is installed below the pump film (633), the electromagnet (631) is arranged below the magnetic metal sheet (634), and the electromagnet (631) is installed in a shielding shell (64) connected below the sealed cavity (62); the spring (632) is sleeved on the electromagnet (631), the upper end of the spring (632) is connected with the magnetic metal sheet (634), and the pump membrane (633) is pushed to abut against the water outlet (611); a water outlet (65) is formed in the lower surface of the sealed cavity (62) and on the side of the shielding shell (64);
the electrode unit (5) comprises a substrate (52) and a micro water channel (53), a temperature and humidity sensor (57) is installed on the side surface of the substrate (52), and the bottom surface of the substrate (52) is a self-conveying surface (56) with super-hydrophilic center and hydrophobic periphery; the micro water channel (53) penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate (52) and is communicated with a water outlet (65) at the bottom of the water storage and drainage unit (6); an ion concentration sensitive electrode (51) is arranged in the central area of the self-conveying surface (56), and the surface of the ion concentration sensitive electrode (51) is super-hydrophilic;
the control unit (8) is connected with the electromagnet (631), the ion concentration sensitive electrode (51) and the temperature and humidity sensor (57) respectively, the temperature and humidity sensor (57) is used for detecting the water content and the temperature in the culture medium and transmitting the water content and the temperature to the control unit (8), the control unit (8) controls whether the water storage and drainage unit (6) supplements water or not according to the water content, the ion concentration sensitive electrode (51) is used for collecting the ion concentration in the culture medium and transmitting the ion concentration to the control unit (8), and the control unit (8) corrects the measurement result according to the real-time water content measured by the temperature and humidity sensor (57) and the supplemented water amount.
2. The integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bionic root (4) comprises a semicircular self-transportation water chute (43) with an inner surface having a moisture directional transportation function; the self-conveying water guide groove (43) is connected with a semicircular bracket (42), and the periphery of the bracket (42) is covered with a one-way water absorption layer (41); wherein the self-conveying water guide groove (43) and the outer surface of the one-way water absorption layer (41) are combined into a cylinder shape.
3. The integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the inner wall of the self-transportation water guiding groove (43) is full of micro-pits to define self-transportation water guiding grooveThe diameter of the micro-pit of the water conveying chute is D43The distance between the self-conveying water guide groove micro pits is h43Self-transporting water chute deviation rate
While self-transporting delta of water chute (43)43The distribution is as follows:
wherein H43For the length of the self-transporting water chute (43), S43The vertical distance from the micro pit to the tail end of the self-conveying water guide groove (43) is calculated by the following formula43The distance h between adjacent micro-pits43：
4. The integrated biomimetic on-line ion concentration detection device for cultivation substrates according to claim 1, wherein the ion concentration sensitive electrode (51) comprises a working electrode (54) and a reference electrode (55):
the working electrode (54) comprises a first copper foil (544) coated on the surface of the substrate (52), and a first graphene base (543) is coated on the upper surface of the first copper foil (544); an ion sensitive layer (542) overlying the first graphene-based layer (543) and the surrounding substrate (52); the upper surface of the ion sensitive layer (542) is also coated with a first modification film (541);
the reference electrode (55) comprises a second copper foil (555) coated on the surface of the substrate (52), and a second graphene base (554) is coated on the upper surface of the second copper foil (555); a silver layer (553) overlying the second graphene-based layer (554) and the surrounding substrate (52); the silver layer (553) is covered with the silver chloride layer (552), and the second modification film (551) covers the upper surface of the silver chloride layer (552).
5. The integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the self-transport surface (56) is full of micro-pits, and the diameter of the micro-pits on the self-transport surface is defined as D56Defining the distance between micro pits on the self-transporting surface as h56Self-transporting surface offset ratio
While self-transporting surface (56) delta56The distribution is as follows:
wherein H56Is the length of the longest diagonal of the self-transport surface (56), S56Is the linear distance of the dimple from the center point of the self-transporting surface (56); calculating the linear distance S from the center point of the transport surface (56) by the following formula56The distance h between adjacent micro-pits56：
6. The integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a solar panel (7); the solar panel (7) is connected with the control unit (8).
7. The detection method of the integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the bionic leaves (1) collect water and are conveyed to a water storage tank (61) through the bionic stems (2) for storage; the simulated roots (4) collect surface water and convey the surface water to a water storage tank (61) for storage;
when the ion concentration is detected, the temperature and humidity sensor (57) detects the water content and the temperature in the culture medium and sends the result to the control unit (8), and the control unit (8) judges whether water supplement and water supplement amount are needed according to the real-time water content of the culture medium; the ion concentration sensitive electrode (51) is used for collecting ion concentration in a culture medium and transmitting the ion concentration to the control unit (8), the control unit (8) corrects a measurement result according to real-time water content and supplemented water content measured by the temperature and humidity sensor (57), and temperature and humidity double compensation correction is carried out on the measurement result according to the real-time water content, the supplemented water content and the temperature measured by the temperature and humidity sensor (57).
8. The detection method of the integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device according to claim 7, wherein the control unit (8) judges whether water supplement is needed or not according to the real-time water content of the cultivation substrate and the water supplement amount is specifically as follows:
the surface area M of the ion concentration sensitive electrode (51), the temperature and humidity sensor (57) measures the temperature T and the water content of soil nearby, the ion concentration is directly measured if omega is not less than a preset value, and the actual water content omega' is the measured water content; if omega is less than the preset value, the control unit (8) controls the electromagnet (631) to be started, the pump film (633) is pulled to be separated from the water outlet (611), water flows into the sealing cavity (62), permeates into the self-conveying surface (56) on the bottom surface of the substrate (52) through the water outlet (65), water is replenished according to the volume of 2M (1-omega) by controlling the opening and closing time of the pump film (633), and water is directionally transferred to the surface of the ion concentration sensitive electrode (51) under the action of the microtexture of the self-conveying surface (56).
9. The detection method of the integrated bionic cultivation substrate ion concentration online detection device according to claim 7, wherein the temperature and humidity double compensation correction specifically comprises:
the temperature and humidity double compensation correction formula is as follows: e ═ E' + Δ E1+ΔE2，
Wherein E' is the value of ion concentration measured directly by the ion concentration sensitive electrode (51), Delta E1Is passing through the temperatureCompensated error term, composition
Parameter K1、K2、K3Depending on the type of substrate,. DELTA.E2Is an error term in the water cut compensation written as Δ E2＝C1ω+C2，C1、C2Also depending on the type of substrate;
therefore, the ion concentration value after the temperature and humidity double compensation correction is as follows:
wherein K is K3+C2And is a generally constant term.
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