CN112255009A

CN112255009A - Soil measuring device for determining soil chemical components and using method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112255009A
Application number: CN202011109255.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王普昶; 张宇君; 丁磊磊; 张文; 柳嘉佳; 唐华江
Original assignee: GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF PRATACULTURE
Current assignee: GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF PRATACULTURE
Priority date: 2020-10-16
Filing date: 2020-10-16
Publication date: 2021-01-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-16
Also published as: CN112255009B

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil sample measuring device for determining ingredients in the soil science and a using method thereof, and relates to the technical field of soil sampling and measuring devices. According to the invention, by arranging the sampling pipe, the limiting annular groove, the movable lock catch, the limiting plate, the grid plate, the top cover, the adjusting bolt and the groove, the problems that in the prior art, soil sampling and sample measurement are separated, and a soil columnar sample is easily extruded to cause sample measurement and a series of subsequent measurement errors when a soil collector is manually used for sampling are solved.

Description

Soil measuring device for determining soil chemical components and using method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil sampling and measuring devices, in particular to a soil measuring device for determining soil chemical components and a using method thereof.

Background

The soil science is a science for researching the motion rule of substances in the soil and the relation between the motion rule and the environment by taking a loose layer on the surface of the earth and the green plants as an object, is one of basic subjects of agricultural science, mainly researches the soil composition, the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil, the occurrence and evolution of the soil, the classification and distribution of the soil, the fertility characteristics of the soil, the development, utilization, improvement and protection of the soil and the like, and aims to provide theoretical basis and scientific method for reasonably utilizing the soil resources, eliminating the low-yield factors of the soil, preventing the soil from degrading, improving the fertility level of the soil and the like, so that the soil composition determination research has extremely important significance.

Soil adopts the soil collector to gather under the general condition, has manual collection cutting ring to bore and moves soil collection and bores, when gathering soil in the field, therefore frequency of use is higher for manual collection cutting ring brill is lighter, dismantled and assembled, portable, vertically inserts soil collector during the use ground, alright acquire soil column sample after extracting, then takes the laboratory back and measures through the sample appearance follow-up sample, promptly. However, like this collection is not convenient for the soil volume measurement in later stage, because when soil column sample was gathered, depth control is inaccurate, cause soil column sample to receive the extrusion during the collection easily, cause the soil volume to reduce, the soil column sample that takes out this moment can't resume original state, cause follow-up a series of experiments and survey all to have the error of different degrees, the influence is extremely serious, consequently, we have proposed just can preliminary volume appearance when sampling, collection sampling and volume appearance soil column sample collection composition survey special-purpose measuring appearance as an organic whole.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a soil measuring device for determining soil ingredients and a using method thereof, which solve the problems that in the prior art, soil sampling and measuring samples are separated, and the soil columnar samples are easily extruded to cause measuring samples and a series of subsequent determination errors when the soil sampling device is used for sampling by hand.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a composition survey of soil science is with soil volume appearance ware, includes handle, connecting rod and sampling pipe, the vertical direction equidistance in surface of connecting rod is provided with spacing ring channel, and the surface of connecting rod is provided with movable hasp, activity hasp and spacing ring channel activity joint, activity hasp and limiting plate fixed connection, the limiting plate is located the below of activity hasp and the surface at the connecting rod is cup jointed in the activity.

The bottom of connecting rod is provided with the top cap, the connecting rod is equallyd divide with handle and top cap and do not is for dismantling the connection, the lower surface of top cap is provided with the push pedal, the top of push pedal is provided with the dead lever, the top of dead lever run through the top cap and with solid fixed ring's lower fixed surface be connected, and solid fixed ring activity cup joints the surface at the connecting rod, the sampling pipe sets up the bottom at the top cap, the top of top cap is provided with adjusting bolt, the top of sampling pipe is provided with the connecting piece, adjusting bolt and connecting piece threaded connection.

Sampling pipe is the drum of standard shape or takes the positive prism of chamber, and the inside of sampling pipe is provided with the grating, the push pedal is located inside the net of grating, and the net shape and the size looks adaptation of push pedal and grating, the grating is located same height with the top of sampling pipe, and the height of grating is not less than the height of sampling pipe.

Preferably, the top of connecting rod is external thread structure, the bottom of connecting rod is internal thread structure, and the top of top cap be provided with connecting rod bottom internal thread structure threaded connection's arch.

Preferably, the handle comprises a handle rod and a handle sleeve movably sleeved on the surface of the handle rod, the handle rod is a hollow steel pipe, and the handle sleeve is a nylon rubber sleeve with anti-skid grains arranged on the surface.

Preferably, the movable lock catch comprises a guide sleeve movably sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod and a spring buckle symmetrically arranged on the surface of the guide sleeve, the spring buckle is rotatably connected with the guide sleeve, and one end of the spring buckle penetrates through the guide sleeve and is inserted into the limiting annular groove.

Preferably, the distance between two adjacent limiting ring grooves on the surface of the connecting rod and the vertical distance between one end of each limiting ring groove and the upper surface of the limiting plate in an inserting mode through the spring fastener are equal to the height of the sampling tube, the vertical distance between the lower surface of the limiting plate and the top end of the sampling tube is equal to a positive integral multiple of the height of the sampling tube, and the length of the fixing rod is not smaller than the height of the sampling tube.

Preferably, the lower surface of the top cover is provided with a groove matched with the shape and the size of the push plate.

Preferably, the bottom of the adjusting bolt is rotatably connected with the top cover, and the top of the adjusting bolt is provided with an inner hexagonal groove.

Preferably, the limiting plate includes that the fender encircles and sets up at the integrative retaining ring in fender ring bottom, keep off ring and retaining ring internal diameter and equal and be greater than the external diameter of solid fixed ring, the external diameter of retaining ring equals or is less than the external diameter of sampling pipe slightly.

Preferably, the sampling pipe is formed by forging a tungsten-nickel-iron alloy; the smelting method of the tungsten-nickel-iron alloy comprises the following steps: mixing and smelting tungsten, aluminum, nickel, iron and magnesium in a mass ratio of 0.11:3:0.21:5:2, processing into powder with the fineness of 200 meshes and 300 meshes, smelting the powder again, and pouring the powder into a mold for molding.

The invention relates to a using method of a soil measuring device for determining soil science components, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, determining a sampling point, then selecting a pre-experiment sampling point near the sampling point, inserting a sampling pipe vertically downwards into the ground slowly at a constant speed until the top of the sampling pipe is just completely buried in the ground, then taking out the sampling pipe slowly at a constant speed, and observing the falling degree of the bottom of a soil columnar sample in the sampling pipe, wherein the process is a pre-experiment;

b, rotating the adjusting bolt to adjust the distance of the top cover above the sampling pipe, and re-performing the pre-experiment until the distance is adjusted to be within the allowable error of the experiment, namely formally collecting the soil columnar sample;

c, when a first soil columnar sample is collected at a sampling point, the sampling pipe is vertically downwards slowly inserted into the ground at a constant speed until the bottom of the top cover is just equal to the ground, then the sampling pipe is slowly taken out at a constant speed, the fixing ring is pushed downwards, and the fixing ring is pushed downwards through the fixing rod and the push plate to take out the soil columnar sample; when a second soil columnar sample is collected, the handle is pressed downwards until the limiting plate is contacted with the ground, and then the pressing is stopped; when gathering the third and surpassing third soil column sample, before gathering soil column sample at every turn, all with activity hasp rebound to the spacing annular inslot portion that closes on, then extrude the handle downwards again until limiting plate and ground contact just stop the extrusion, carry out soil column sample and gather.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a soil measuring device for determining soil chemical components and a using method thereof, and the soil measuring device has the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, by arranging the sampling pipe, the limiting annular groove, the movable lock catch, the limiting plate and the grid plate, when the first soil columnar sample is collected each time, the sampling pipe is only required to be inserted into the ground completely; when a second soil columnar sample is collected, the handle is pressed downwards until the limiting plate is contacted with the ground, and then the pressing is stopped; moving the movable lock catch upwards to the inside of the adjacent limiting annular groove before collecting the soil columnar sample every time; like this sampling pipe the inside soil column sample of every turn all not extruded when gathering, do not change original volume, because sampling pipe and grid plate are the standard shape of predesign, consequently the soil column sample volume is definite when gathering, can not change original density when carrying with follow-up operation and cause to survey the volume and do not have the referential, also can reduce the error that consequently causes to the great extent simultaneously, reach simple structure, high durability and convenient use, the effect that collection appearance and volume appearance are as an organic whole, soil sampling and volume appearance are separated among the prior art has been solved, cause soil column sample to receive easily during manual soil collector sampling and receive the problem that the extrusion caused volume appearance and a series of follow-up survey errors.

According to the invention, through the top cover, the adjusting bolt and the groove, when the soil columnar sample is collected, the push plate moves to the inner part of the groove, so that the volume space of the soil columnar sample is not occupied, and the accuracy of collection and measurement is improved; can adjust the distance between top cap and the sampling pipe through adjusting bolt, just mean to increase the inside volume of sampling pipe, this is because when taking out the sampling pipe, the viscidity of different soil column samples is different, the bottom of soil column sample has the phenomenon of droing a bit, only need carry out the degree that the experiment observation drops in advance before the collection, distance between rebound adjustment top cap and the sampling pipe, alright reduce the error that consequently brings, further improve the accuracy of gathering and measuring, compared prior art has apparent advantage.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the movable lock of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of the invention at the position of the movable latch;

FIG. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of a top cover in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a top view of a top cover in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a bottom view of a collection tube in place, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a top view of a second embodiment of the present invention with a top cover in place;

FIG. 8 is a bottom view of a second collection tube in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a handle; 101. a handle bar; 102. covering the handlebar; 2. a connecting rod; 3. a sampling tube; 4. a limiting annular groove; 5. a movable lock catch; 501. a guide sleeve; 502. a spring buckle; 6. a limiting plate; 601. a baffle ring; 602. a retainer ring; 7. a top cover; 8. pushing the plate; 9. fixing the rod; 10. a fixing ring; 11. adjusting the bolt; 12. a connecting member; 13. a grid plate; 14. and (4) a groove.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a technical solution: a soil measuring device for determining ingredients of soil science comprises a handle 1, a connecting rod 2 and a sampling tube 3, wherein except a handle sleeve 102, other parts can be made of stainless steel, limiting annular grooves 4 are formed in the surface of the connecting rod 2 in an equidistant mode in the vertical direction, movable latches 5 are arranged on the surface of the connecting rod 2, the movable latches 5 are movably clamped with the limiting annular grooves 4, the movable latches 5 are fixedly connected with limiting plates 6, and the limiting plates 6 are located below the movable latches 5 and movably sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod 2.

The bottom of connecting rod 2 is provided with top cap 7, connecting rod 2 is equallyd divide with handle 1 and top cap 7 and do not is for dismantling the connection, the lower surface of top cap 7 is provided with push pedal 8, the top of push pedal 8 is provided with dead lever 9, the top of dead lever 9 run through top cap 7 and with the lower fixed surface of solid fixed ring 10 be connected, and solid fixed ring 10 activity cup joints the surface at connecting rod 2, sampling pipe 3 sets up the bottom at top cap 7, the top of top cap 7 is provided with adjusting bolt 11, the top of sampling pipe 3 is provided with connecting piece 12, adjusting bolt 11 and connecting piece 12 threaded connection, it reciprocates the change position to rotate adjusting bolt 11 and.

The sampling tube 3 is a cylinder with a standard shape, a mould is filled between the grid plate 13 and the sampling tube 3 during manufacturing, and the volume of the measuring mould is the volume of the soil columnar sample; it can also be through measurement and calculation to draw, the volume of grid plate 13 is subtracted to the volume of sampling pipe 3, the volume of sampling pipe 3 is through the square of half internal diameter times the height of circumference ratio product sampling pipe 3 and is drawn, the width of grid plate 13 one of them multiplies the volume that height multiplied thickness reachs, multiply the volume of total number of pieces, subtract the volume of overlap portion, the volume of overlap portion is thickness times thickness and height, alright confirm in advance the volume of gathering the soil column sample, and the inside of sampling pipe 3 is provided with grid plate 13, push pedal 8 is located inside the net of grid plate 13, and push pedal 8 and grid plate 13's net shape and size looks adaptation, grid plate 13 is located same height with the top of sampling pipe 3, and grid plate 13's height is not less than the height of sampling pipe 3.

As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the top of the connecting rod 2 is of an external thread structure, the bottom of the connecting rod 2 is of an internal thread structure, the top of the top cover 7 is provided with a bulge in threaded connection with the internal thread structure at the bottom of the connecting rod 2, the connecting rod 2 can be customized to different lengths and quantities according to requirements and can be freely assembled, so that the soil with different depths can be sampled.

As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the handle 1 comprises a handle rod 101 and a handle sleeve 102 movably sleeved on the surface of the handle rod 101, the handle rod 101 is a hollow steel pipe, the handle sleeve 102 is a nylon rubber sleeve with anti-skid lines arranged on the surface, the handle sleeve 102 can rotate when in use, a user can conveniently adjust the angle between the arm and the connecting rod 2, the human-computer relationship is met, and the use is labor-saving and convenient.

As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the movable lock catch 5 comprises a guide sleeve 501 movably sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod 2 and spring buckles 502 symmetrically arranged on the surface of the guide sleeve 501, the spring buckles 502 are rotatably connected with the guide sleeve 501, one ends of the spring buckles 502 penetrate through the guide sleeve 501 and are inserted into the limiting annular groove 4, the top ends of the spring buckles 502 are extruded to separate the lower ends from the limiting annular groove 4, and the movable lock catch 5 is convenient to move, lock and unlock.

As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the distance between two adjacent limiting annular grooves 4 on the surface of the connecting rod 2 and the vertical distance between one end of the spring buckle 502 inserted in the limiting annular groove 4 and the upper surface of the limiting plate 6 are both equal to the height of the sampling tube 3, the vertical distance between the lower surface of the limiting plate 6 and the top end of the sampling tube 3 is equal to the positive integral multiple of the height of the sampling tube 3, the length of the fixing rod 9 is not less than the height of the sampling tube 3, the depth of collecting the soil columnar sample downwards in the collecting process is determined, whether the soil columnar sample is collected in place or not can be judged from the outside, and insufficient collection and extrusion of the soil columnar sample are.

As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the lower surface of the top cover 7 is provided with the groove 14 matched with the push plate 8 in shape and size, and the push plate 8 is arranged in the groove 14 when the cylindrical soil sample is collected, so that the error of the volume of the cylindrical soil sample caused by the volume of the push plate 8 is avoided, the overall error is reduced, and the accuracy is improved.

As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the bottom of an adjusting bolt 11 is rotatably connected with a top cover 7, an inner hexagonal groove is arranged at the top of the adjusting bolt 11, the distance between the top cover 7 and a sampling pipe 3 can be adjusted through the adjusting bolt 11, the volume inside the sampling pipe 3 is increased, errors caused by the falling of the bottoms of some soil columnar samples are offset, the collection and measurement accuracy is improved, and the falling phenomenon of the bottoms of the soil columnar samples can be determined by performing a pre-experiment near the current sampling point before the formal soil columnar samples are collected.

As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the limiting plate 6 comprises a retaining ring 601 and a retaining ring 602 which is integrally arranged at the bottom of the retaining ring 601, the inner diameters of the retaining ring 601 and the retaining ring 602 are equal and larger than the outer diameter of the fixing ring 10, the outer diameter of the retaining ring 602 is equal to or slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the sampling tube 3, when the cylindrical soil sample is collected, the limiting plate 6 is in contact with the ground, the collection depth of the bottom can be determined to be in place, at the moment, the retaining ring 602 is supported on the inner wall of the collection hole, and the confusion of the cylindrical soil sample collected next time due.

As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the sampling tube (3) is formed by forging tungsten-nickel-iron alloy; the smelting method of the tungsten-nickel-iron alloy comprises the following steps: mixing and smelting tungsten, aluminum, nickel, iron and magnesium in a mass ratio of 0.11:3:0.21:5:2, processing into powder with the fineness of 200 meshes and 300 meshes, smelting the powder again, and pouring the powder into a mold for molding.

Example two

As shown in fig. 1-3, fig. 7 and fig. 8, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a composition survey of soil science is with soil volume appearance ware, includes handle 1, connecting rod 2 and sampling pipe 3, and the vertical direction equidistance in surface of connecting rod 2 is provided with spacing ring channel 4, and the surface of connecting rod 2 is provided with movable hasp 5, and movable hasp 5 and the 4 activity joints in spacing ring channel, movable hasp 5 and limiting plate 6 fixed connection, and limiting plate 6 is located the below of movable hasp 5 and the activity cup joints the surface at connecting rod 2.

The bottom of connecting rod 2 is provided with top cap 7, connecting rod 2 is equallyd divide with handle 1 and top cap 7 and do not is for dismantling the connection, the lower surface of top cap 7 is provided with push pedal 8, the top of push pedal 8 is provided with dead lever 9, the top of dead lever 9 run through top cap 7 and with the lower fixed surface of solid fixed ring 10 be connected, and solid fixed ring 10 activity cup joints the surface at connecting rod 2, sampling pipe 3 sets up the bottom at top cap 7, the top of top cap 7 is provided with adjusting bolt 11, the top of sampling pipe 3 is provided with connecting piece 12, adjusting bolt 11 and connecting piece 12 threaded connection.

The sampling tube 3 is a regular prism with a cavity in a standard shape, a mould is filled between the grid plate 13 and the sampling tube 3 during manufacturing, and the volume of the measuring mould is the volume of the soil columnar sample; also can derive through measurement and calculation, sampling tube 3's volume subtracts the volume of grid plate 13, sampling tube 3's volume multiplies the width by the height through the length of inner chamber and reachs, the width of one of them piece of grid plate 13 multiplies the volume that height by thickness reachs, multiply the total number of pieces, subtract the volume of overlap portion, the overlap portion volume multiplies height for thickness, alright confirm the volume of gathering soil column sample in advance, and sampling tube 3's inside is provided with grid plate 13, push pedal 8 is located inside the net of grid plate 13, and push pedal 8 and grid plate 13's net shape and size looks adaptation, grid plate 13 is located same height with sampling tube 3's top, and grid plate 13's height is not less than sampling tube 3's height.

The using method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining a sampling point, then selecting a pre-experiment sampling point near the sampling point, inserting the sampling pipe 3 vertically downwards into the ground slowly at a constant speed until the top of the sampling pipe 3 is just completely embedded into the ground, then taking out the sampling pipe 3 slowly at a constant speed, observing the falling degree of the bottom of a soil columnar sample in the sampling pipe 3, wherein the process is a pre-experiment, then rotating the adjusting bolt 11 to adjust the distance of the top cover 7 above the sampling pipe 3, carrying out the pre-experiment again until the adjustment is within an experiment allowable error, and then formally collecting the soil columnar sample; when a first soil columnar sample is collected at a sampling point, the sampling tube 3 is vertically downwards slowly inserted into the ground at a constant speed until the bottom of the top cover 7 is just equal to the ground, then the sampling tube 3 is slowly taken out at a constant speed, the fixing ring 10 is pushed downwards, and the fixing ring 10 is pushed downwards through the fixing rod 9 and the push plate 8 to take out the soil columnar sample; when a second soil columnar sample is collected, the handle 1 is pressed downwards until the limiting plate 6 is contacted with the ground, and then the pressing is stopped; when gathering the third and surpassing third soil column sample, before gathering soil column sample at every turn, all with activity hasp 5 rebound to the spacing ring channel 4 inside that closes on, then extrude handle 1 downwards again until limiting plate 6 with ground contact just stop the extrusion, carry out soil column sample and gather. Therefore, the cylindrical soil sample in the sampling pipe 3 is not extruded when being collected at every time, the original volume is not changed, the sampling pipe 3 and the grid plate 13 are in the pre-designed standard shapes, the volume of the cylindrical soil sample is determined when being collected, the effect of collecting and measuring the sample simultaneously is achieved, the original density cannot be changed when the cylindrical soil sample is carried and subsequently operated, the measured volume does not have the referential property, and meanwhile, the error caused by the original density can be greatly reduced.

In conclusion, the sampling pipe 3, the limiting annular groove 4, the movable lock catch 5, the limiting plate 6, the grid plate 13, the top cover 7, the adjusting bolt 11 and the groove 14 are arranged, so that the problems that in the prior art, soil sampling and sampling are separated, and a soil columnar sample is easily extruded to cause the sampling and a series of subsequent measurement errors when a manual soil collector is used for sampling are solved.

It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a composition survey of soil science is with soil volume appearance ware, includes handle (1), connecting rod (2) and sampling tube (3), its characterized in that: limiting annular grooves (4) are formed in the surface of the connecting rod (2) in the vertical direction at equal intervals, movable latches (5) are arranged on the surface of the connecting rod (2), the movable latches (5) are movably clamped with the limiting annular grooves (4), the movable latches (5) are fixedly connected with limiting plates (6), and the limiting plates (6) are located below the movable latches (5) and movably sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod (2);

the sampling tube is characterized in that a top cover (7) is arranged at the bottom of the connecting rod (2), the connecting rod (2) is detachably connected with the handle (1) and the top cover (7) respectively, a push plate (8) is arranged on the lower surface of the top cover (7), a fixed rod (9) is arranged at the top of the push plate (8), the top of the fixed rod (9) penetrates through the top cover (7) and is fixedly connected with the lower surface of a fixed ring (10), the fixed ring (10) is movably sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod (2), the sampling tube (3) is arranged at the bottom of the top cover (7), an adjusting bolt (11) is arranged at the top of the top cover (7), a connecting piece (12) is arranged at the top of the sampling tube (3), and the adjusting bolt (11) is in threaded connection;

sampling pipe (3) are the drum of standard shape or take the positive prism in chamber, and the inside of sampling pipe (3) is provided with waffle slab (13), push pedal (8) are located waffle slab (13) inside, and the waffle slab (8) and waffle slab (13) shape and size looks adaptation, waffle slab (13) are located same height with the top of sampling pipe (3), and the height of waffle slab (13) is not less than the height of sampling pipe (3).

2. The soil measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the top of connecting rod (2) is external thread structure, the bottom of connecting rod (2) is internal thread structure, and the top of top cap (7) is provided with the arch with connecting rod (2) bottom internal thread structure threaded connection.

3. The soil measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the handle (1) comprises a handle rod (101) and a handle sleeve (102) movably sleeved on the surface of the handle rod (101), the handle rod (101) is a hollow steel pipe, and the handle sleeve (102) is a nylon rubber sleeve with anti-skid grains on the surface.

4. The soil measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the movable lock catch (5) comprises a guide sleeve (501) movably sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod (2) and spring buckles (502) symmetrically arranged on the surface of the guide sleeve (501), the spring buckles (502) are rotatably connected with the guide sleeve (501), and one ends of the spring buckles (502) penetrate through the guide sleeve (501) and are inserted into the limiting annular groove (4).

5. The soil measuring device according to claim 4, wherein: the distance between two adjacent spacing ring channels (4) in connecting rod (2) surface and spring fastener (502) are pegged graft the height that the vertical distance equals sampling pipe (3) between spacing ring channel (4) one end and limiting plate (6) upper surface, and the vertical distance on limiting plate (6) lower surface and sampling pipe (3) top equals the positive integral multiple of sampling pipe (3) height, the length of dead lever (9) is not less than the height of sampling pipe (3).

6. The soil measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the lower surface of the top cover (7) is provided with a groove (14) which is matched with the push plate (8) in shape and size.

7. The soil measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the adjusting bolt (11) is rotatably connected with the top cover (7), and an inner hexagonal groove is formed in the top of the adjusting bolt (11).

8. The soil measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the limiting plate (6) comprises a retaining ring (601) and a retaining ring (602) which is arranged at the bottom of the retaining ring (601) and integrated with the bottom of the retaining ring (601), the inner diameters of the retaining ring (601) and the retaining ring (602) are equal to each other and are larger than the outer diameter of the fixing ring (10), and the outer diameter of the retaining ring (602) is equal to or slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the sampling tube (3).

9. The soil measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the sampling pipe (3) is formed by forging tungsten-nickel-iron alloy; the smelting method of the tungsten-nickel-iron alloy comprises the following steps: mixing and smelting tungsten, aluminum, nickel, iron and magnesium in a mass ratio of 0.11:3:0.21:5:2, processing into powder with the fineness of 200 meshes and 300 meshes, smelting the powder again, and pouring the powder into a mold for molding.

10. The method of using the soil measuring device for measuring soil chemical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

firstly, determining a sampling point, then selecting a pre-experiment sampling point near the sampling point, inserting the sampling pipe (3) vertically downwards into the ground slowly at a constant speed until the top of the sampling pipe (3) is just completely embedded into the ground, then taking out the sampling pipe (3) slowly at a constant speed, and observing the falling degree of the bottom of a soil columnar sample in the sampling pipe (3), wherein the process is a pre-experiment;

b, rotating the adjusting bolt (11) to adjust the distance of the top cover (7) above the sampling pipe (3), and carrying out the pre-experiment again until the distance is adjusted to be within the allowable error of the experiment, so that the soil columnar sample collection work can be formally carried out;

c, when a first soil columnar sample is collected at a sampling point, the sampling pipe (3) is vertically downwards slowly inserted into the ground at a constant speed until the bottom of the top cover (7) is just level with the ground, then the sampling pipe (3) is slowly taken out at a constant speed, the fixing ring (10) is pushed downwards, and the fixing ring (10) is pushed downwards through the fixing rod (9) and the push plate (8) to take out the soil columnar sample; when a second soil columnar sample is collected, the handle (1) is pressed downwards until the limiting plate (6) is contacted with the ground, and then the pressing is stopped; when gathering the third and surpassing third soil column sample, before gathering soil column sample at every turn, all with activity hasp (5) rebound to the spacing ring channel (4) inside that closes on, then extrude handle (1) down again until limiting plate (6) and ground contact just stop the extrusion, carry out soil column sample and gather.