Background
The bearing is an indispensable standard part in the fields of machinery, vehicles, aerospace, ships, energy sources and the like, and is also one of the most vulnerable parts in a related transmission system, and 30% of faults in rotary machinery are caused by bearing failure. Therefore, bearing condition monitoring and early failure diagnosis have attracted much attention. On-line monitoring gradually becomes a prerequisite guarantee for reliable operation of large bearings in the fields of generators, ships, high-speed rails, aircrafts and the like, and monitoring indexes relate to various aspects such as temperature, vibration, rotating speed, noise and the like. The early bearing monitoring system is mainly externally hung, and one of the disadvantages is that the distance between a sensor and a signal source is long, the sensor and the signal source belong to non-contact indirect measurement, and the error is large. In recent years, different forms of embedded bearing monitoring systems are proposed successively, so that the problems of measurement accuracy and accuracy are solved well, but the structure of related equipment needs to be changed so as to install a sensing monitoring system, so that the problems of stress concentration of parts of the equipment and the like are easily caused, and the embedded bearing monitoring system cannot be realized on equipment with complex structures or limited space; most importantly, when the monitoring system needs to rotate along with the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, power is not conveniently supplied through a wire, and the service time is short due to the fact that power is supplied by a battery. Therefore, the existing bearing monitoring system is basically a periodic and indirect non-contact measurement, and the running state of the bearing is difficult to obtain accurately in time. In view of the above, various forms of self-monitoring bearings based on magnetic coupling excitation power generation and supply have been proposed, and the biggest problems are that: the magnetic interference exists, the difference of the power generation performance is large when the rotating speed is different, the effective frequency band is narrow, the reliability is low, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cylindrical roller bearing integrating power generation and monitoring, which comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a cylindrical roller, a half shaft, a support, an end cover, an excitation ring, a ball, a piezoelectric vibrator, a circuit board, a sensor and a pressing plate, wherein the inner ring and the outer ring are arranged on the inner ring; the inner cavity of the outer ring is divided into a left cavity and a right cavity by the partition plate; the circuit board and the sensor are arranged on the clapboard, and the circuit board is arranged in the left cavity; the end part of the left cavity is provided with an end cover through a screw, the rabbet of the end cover presses the support in the left cavity, the support consists of at least two cross beams and ring plates at two ends of the cross beams, the cross beams are uniformly distributed by taking the center of the ring plates as a symmetrical center, and the two ring plates are respectively propped against the baffle and the rabbet of the end cover.
The inner ring is installed in the right cavity of the outer ring through a cylindrical roller, a sealing ring is arranged between the inner ring and a partition plate of the outer ring, a guide groove is formed in a side plate at the end part of the inner ring, a seat plate of a half shaft is installed in the guide groove through a screw, the axis of the half shaft is parallel to the axis of the inner ring and the axis of the outer ring and does not coincide with the axis of the outer ring, an exciting ring is installed on the half shaft through a ball, the ball is arranged in an outer rolling.
One end of a piezoelectric vibrator formed by a substrate and a piezoelectric sheet adhered to one side of the substrate is arranged on a beam of the bracket through a screw and a pressing plate, the other end of the piezoelectric vibrator is abutted against the excitation ring, the substrate at the free end of the piezoelectric vibrator is abutted against the excitation ring, and the piezoelectric vibrator and the sensor are connected with a circuit board through different lead groups.
In the working process, the half shaft and the inner ring rotate along with the main shaft, the outer ring, the support and the piezoelectric vibrator do not rotate, the excitation ring rotates relative to the half shaft and the inner ring and moves relative to the outer ring, the support and the piezoelectric vibrator at the same time, the piezoelectric vibrator is forced to generate reciprocating bending deformation by the relative motion of the excitation ring and the piezoelectric vibrator and converts mechanical energy into electric energy, the generated electric energy is processed by a conversion circuit on the circuit board and then is supplied to the sensor, and the sensor obtains the temperature, the rotating speed or the vibration parameters of the bearing in real time and then transmits the parameters through a transmitting unit on the circuit.
According to the invention, the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator is zero when the piezoelectric vibrator is perpendicular to the planes of the axes of the inner ring and the outer ring and the axis of the half shaft and is tangent to the excitation ring at one side close to the axes of the inner ring and the outer ring, the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator gradually increases along with the rotation of the main shaft and reaches the maximum when the main shaft rotates by 180 degrees, then the deformation gradually decreases along with the rotation of the main shaft, and the deformation decreases to zero when the main shaft rotates by 360 degrees, so that one-time complete excitation of the piezoelectric vibrator is.
In the invention, the substrate of the piezoelectric vibrator is always contacted with the exciting ring, and the maximum deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator is less than the allowable value, namely the relation of relevant parameters is as follows:
wherein: x is the distance between the inner and outer ring axes and the half axle axis, R and R are the outer edge radius of the exciting ring and the inner edge radius of the support, delta
*The allowable deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator, the thickness of the substrate and the piezoelectric sheet being equal
Wherein: h is the thickness of the substrate, beta ═ E
m/E
p,E
mAnd E
pThe young's moduli of the substrate and the piezoelectric sheet,
k
31and
the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the allowable compressive stress of the piezoelectric material are respectively, L is the length of the bendable part of the piezoelectric vibrator, and eta is a correction coefficient related to the thickness of the glue layer.
Advantages and features: the structure and the excitation process are simple, and no electromagnetic interference, no contact impact and no noise exist; the piezoelectric vibrator is excited in one direction in equal amplitude at each rotating speed, and the piezoelectric sheet only bears the pressure stress with controllable magnitude, so that the piezoelectric vibrator has high reliability, wide effective frequency band and strong power generation and supply capacity.
Detailed Description
The cylindrical roller bearing integrating power generation and monitoring comprises an inner ring a, an outer ring b, a cylindrical roller c, a half shaft d, a support e, an end cover f, an excitation ring g, a ball h, a piezoelectric vibrator i, a circuit board j, a sensor k and a pressing plate n; the partition plate b1 divides the inner cavity of the outer ring b into a left cavity b2 and a right cavity b 3; a circuit board j and a sensor k are mounted on the partition board b1, and the circuit board j is arranged in the left cavity b 2; an end cover f is installed at the end part of the left cavity b2 through a screw, a support e is pressed in the left cavity b2 through a spigot of the end cover f, the support e is composed of at least two cross beams e2 and ring plates e1 at two ends of the cross beams e2, the cross beams e2 are uniformly distributed by taking the center of the ring plate e1 as a symmetrical center, and the two ring plates e1 abut against a partition plate b1 and the spigot of the end cover f respectively.
An inner ring a is arranged in a right cavity b3 of the outer ring b through a cylindrical roller c, a sealing ring is arranged between the inner ring a and a partition plate b1 of the outer ring b, a guide groove a2 is arranged on a side plate a1 at the end of the inner ring a, a seat plate d1 of a half shaft d is arranged in the guide groove a2 through screws, a half shaft axis x2 is parallel to and does not coincide with an inner ring axis x1, an exciting ring g is arranged on the half shaft d through a ball h, the ball h is arranged in an outer raceway of the half shaft d and an inner raceway of the exciting ring g, and the exciting ring g rotates around the half shaft.
One end of a piezoelectric vibrator i consisting of a substrate and a piezoelectric sheet adhered to one side of the substrate is arranged on a beam e2 of a bracket e through a screw and a pressing plate n, the other substrate is abutted against an excitation ring g, and the piezoelectric vibrator i and a sensor k are connected with a circuit board j through different lead groups.
In the working process, the half shaft d and the inner ring a rotate along with the main shaft Z, the outer ring b, the support e and the piezoelectric vibrator i do not rotate, the exciting ring g rotates relative to the half shaft d and the inner ring a and moves relative to the outer ring b, the support e and the piezoelectric vibrator i, the piezoelectric vibrator i is forced to generate reciprocating bending deformation by the relative motion of the exciting ring g and the piezoelectric vibrator i, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, the generated electric energy is processed by a conversion circuit on the circuit board j and then is supplied to the sensor k, and the sensor k obtains the temperature, the rotating speed or the vibration parameters of the bearing in real time and then transmits the parameters through a transmitting unit on the circuit board j.
In the invention, the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator i is zero when the piezoelectric vibrator i is vertical to the plane where the inner and outer ring axes x1 and the half shaft axis x2 are located and is tangent to the excitation ring g at the side close to the inner and outer ring axis x1, the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator i is gradually increased along with the rotation of the main shaft Z and reaches the maximum when the main shaft Z rotates 180 degrees, then the deformation is gradually reduced along with the rotation of the main shaft Z, and the deformation is reduced to zero when the main shaft Z rotates 360 degrees, so that one-time complete excitation of the piezoelectric vibrator i is completed.
In the invention, the substrate of the piezoelectric vibrator i is always contacted with the excitation ring g, and the maximum deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator i is smaller than the allowable value, namely the relation of related parameters is as follows:
wherein: x is the distance between the inner and outer ring axes x1 and the half axis x2, and R and R are the outer radius of the excitation ring g and the inner radius of the support e, respectively, delta
*The allowable deformation amount of the piezoelectric vibrator i, the thickness of the substrate and the piezoelectric sheet are equal
Wherein: h is the thickness of the substrate, beta ═ E
m/E
p,E
mAnd E
pThe young's moduli of the substrate and the piezoelectric sheet,
k
31and
the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the allowable compressive stress of the piezoelectric material are respectively, L is the length of the bendable part of the piezoelectric vibrator i, and eta is a correction coefficient related to the thickness of the glue layer.