CN112253205A - Tunnel hole-expanding pre-reinforcement system and method suitable for shallow burying - Google Patents
Tunnel hole-expanding pre-reinforcement system and method suitable for shallow burying Download PDFInfo
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- CN112253205A CN112253205A CN202011251379.5A CN202011251379A CN112253205A CN 112253205 A CN112253205 A CN 112253205A CN 202011251379 A CN202011251379 A CN 202011251379A CN 112253205 A CN112253205 A CN 112253205A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/16—Hydraulic or pneumatic features, e.g. circuits, arrangement or adaptation of valves, setting or retracting devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/01—Methods or apparatus for enlarging or restoring the cross-section of tunnels, e.g. by restoring the floor to its original level
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-reinforcing system and a pre-reinforcing method for shallow tunnel expanding, and belongs to the technical field of underground engineering and tunnel engineering. The second portal bracket and the third portal bracket of the hole-expanding pre-reinforcing system are respectively arranged at two sides of the first portal bracket and are parallel to the first portal bracket, the second portal bracket is hinged with the first portal bracket through a hinge part, and the third portal bracket is fixedly connected with the first portal bracket; the height adjusting device is provided with a mounting frame which is provided with a plurality of first hydraulic jacks; a plurality of second hydraulic jacks are arranged between the side web plate and the upright column; the first hydraulic jack is arranged between the web vault part and the mounting frame. The front section consolidation section of the hole-expanding pre-consolidation system is used as a rigid supporting point, the rear section adopts a hinged stress transmission point for adjusting, and the stress transmission point is adjusted and changed along with the blasting stress and the surrounding rock reaction force, so that dynamic load equipment for active intervention protection and passive unloading balance is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering and tunnel engineering, in particular to a tunnel hole-expanding pre-reinforcing system and method suitable for shallow burying.
Background
The requirements of enlarging and digging or rebuilding existing tunnels can be roughly divided into the requirements based on traffic volume increase, newly-added ventilation or escape space, old tunnel maintenance and reinforcement and the like.
Along with expanding and digging the going on of construction, expand and dig section preliminary bracing and do not exert work constantly yet, the restraint that inside country rock in tunnel and bearing structure provided follows and changes, and country rock stress adjusts thereupon, and direction and the quantity value that preliminary bracing structure warp also constantly change, expands to dig the in-process and will guarantee that the preliminary bracing structure after expanding and digging can bear corresponding country rock pressure, consequently guarantees to expand to dig section preliminary bracing structure's atress safety and just can guarantee the construction security of whole tunnel.
For the existing tunnel expanding and digging aspect, no active reinforcing equipment exists at home and abroad at present, and only the pre-geological intervention type traditional flexible support exists. And in the hole expanding stage, an advance anchor rod and an advance pipe shed are adopted for pre-reinforcing, active intervention and passive protection. The construction risk cannot be pre-controlled, adjustment is carried out while the construction risk is dry, passive operation is carried out, and great safety risk is brought to constructors and machinery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a pre-reinforcing system and a pre-reinforcing method suitable for shallow-buried tunnel expanding holes.
The invention provides a pre-reinforcing system for a shallow tunnel expanding hole, which comprises a support frame, a first portal bracket, a second portal bracket and a third portal bracket, wherein the second portal bracket and the third portal bracket are respectively arranged at two sides of the first portal bracket and are parallel to the first portal bracket;
the height adjusting device is arranged at the tops of the first portal-shaped support, the second portal-shaped support and the third portal-shaped support, an installation frame is arranged on the height adjusting device, and a plurality of first hydraulic jacks are arranged on the installation frame;
the web plate comprises two vertical parts and a vault part, the vault part is positioned at the tops of the two vertical parts, the vertical parts are parallel to the upright columns of the first portal-shaped support, the second portal-shaped support and the third portal-shaped support, a plurality of second hydraulic jacks which are horizontally arranged are arranged between the side web plate and the upright columns, and the second hydraulic jacks are fixed on the upright columns; the first hydraulic jack is arranged between the arch crown part and the mounting frame;
and the traveling mechanism is arranged at the bottoms of the first door-shaped support, the second door-shaped support and the third door-shaped support and is used for moving the support frame.
Preferably, the corners of the first door-shaped support, the second door-shaped support and the third door-shaped support are provided with reinforcing ribs which are obliquely arranged.
Preferably, the height adjusting device is a hydraulic lifting mechanism.
Preferably, the first door-shaped support, the second door-shaped support and the third door-shaped support are all formed by welding 50 steel channels.
The invention also provides a reinforcing method of the tunnel expanding pre-reinforcing system suitable for shallow burying, which comprises the following steps:
s101, measuring the size of the inner contour section of the existing tunnel in detail, and assembling and welding tunnel hole expanding pre-reinforcing systems with the existing tunnel sections in equal proportion in advance according to the contour lines of the existing tunnel;
s102, before excavation, the tunnel hole expanding pre-reinforcing system is pushed into an excavation line, a second hydraulic jack is adjusted to enable the outer wall of the vertical portion of the web plate to be in full contact with the inner wall of the existing tunnel contour line, and the arch crown portion is kept in full contact with the top rock face;
s103, excavating the hole expanding section step by step: firstly, constructing an upper guide excavation H (1.7-2.1 m), and carrying out anchor-spraying support on the upper guide excavation H; middle guide excavation H is 3.0m, and middle guide anchor spraying support is carried out; c, conducting downward excavation H is 3.0m, conducting downward, spraying, anchoring and supporting, then lining concrete for the second time, and finally conducting inverted arch backfill pavement construction;
s104, completing the hole expanding section, completing slag discharging, timely following supporting, drilling a hole at the next ring, and withdrawing the pre-reinforcing system to the outside of the detonating cord after slag blowing and charging are completed to avoid damage.
Preferably, the top of the arch in the excavation stage is in full contact with the top rock face, and if deformation and cracking of the top rock face are found, advance support should be strengthened to ensure stable excavation.
Preferably, the length of the stepped step in step S102 is 4.5m, the length of the step and the number of the steps can be properly adjusted according to the stability of surrounding rocks during construction, and long and short flanges are combined according to the construction condition of preliminary bracing, so that staggered construction is adopted, and the length of the flanges is not more than 2 arches.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the pre-reinforcing system, the grade counter force of the pre-compressed rock mass is applied to the existing section, the balanced blasting stress expands the damaged rock mass, the front section consolidation section is used as a rigid supporting point, the rear section adopts a hinged adjusting stress transfer point, and the adjusting change is carried out along with the blasting stress and the surrounding rock counter force, so that the dynamic load equipment which is balanced is subjected to active intervention protection and passive unloading.
The pre-reinforcing method for expanding the tunnel is suitable for various underground structures and the expanding construction of the existing tunnel. When the section of the existing tunnel cannot meet the use requirement, a hole expanding construction mode is adopted in the old site, and both concentric radiation hole expanding and unilateral hole expanding can adopt the system to actively reinforce the section to be expanded. The collapse accident is prevented from happening in the hole expanding process.
The invention adopts a pre-reinforcing system with continuously variable front and rear parts and stress extension induction adjustment for the first time, so as to actively intervene and prevent the structure from being damaged due to overlarge stress release. In the construction process, the existing structure is actively protected to be stable, and the capabilities of controllable concentrated stress and dynamic adjustment are achieved at the later-stage expanding excavation section.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a hole-expanding reinforcement system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the stand of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the construction process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of the construction process of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the concrete-filled bridge comprises a supporting frame, 11 parts of a first portal-shaped support, 12 parts of a second portal-shaped support, 13 parts of a third portal-shaped support, 2 parts of a height adjusting device, 3 parts of a mounting frame, 4 parts of a first hydraulic jack, 5 parts of a web plate, 51 parts of a vertical part, 52 parts of a vault, 6 parts of a second hydraulic jack, 7 parts of a walking mechanism, 8 parts of an articulated piece and 9 parts of load-bearing concrete.
Detailed Description
Detailed description of the preferred embodimentsthe following detailed description of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-4, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a pre-reinforcing system for a shallow-buried tunnel expanding hole, which comprises:
the support frame 1 comprises a first door-shaped support 11, a second door-shaped support 12 and a third door-shaped support 13, wherein the second door-shaped support 12 and the third door-shaped support 13 are respectively arranged on two sides of the first door-shaped support 11 and are parallel to the first door-shaped support 11, the second door-shaped support 12 is hinged with the first door-shaped support 11 through a hinge part 8, and the third door-shaped support 13 is fixedly connected with the first door-shaped support 11; the height adjusting device 2 is arranged at the tops of the first portal-shaped support 11, the second portal-shaped support 12 and the third portal-shaped support 13, an installation frame 3 is arranged on the height adjusting device 2, and a plurality of first hydraulic jacks 4 are arranged on the installation frame 3;
the web 5 comprises two vertical parts 51 and a vault part 52, the vault part 52 is positioned at the tops of the two vertical parts 51, the vertical parts 51 are parallel to the upright columns of the first portal-shaped bracket 11, the second portal-shaped bracket 12 and the third portal-shaped bracket 13, a plurality of second hydraulic jacks 6 which are horizontally arranged are arranged between the side web and the upright columns, and the second hydraulic jacks 6 are fixed on the upright columns; the first hydraulic jack 4 is arranged between the arch crown part 52 and the mounting frame 3;
and the travelling mechanism 7 is arranged at the bottoms of the first door-shaped bracket 11, the second door-shaped bracket 12 and the third door-shaped bracket 13 and is used for moving the support frame 1.
The second door-shaped support 12 is hinged with the first door-shaped support 11 through the hinge 8, and the third door-shaped support 13 is fixedly connected with the first door-shaped support 11, so that the second door-shaped support 12 can generate displacement change, the applicability can be adjusted according to stress change, and the third door-shaped support 13 is a rigid support. The height adjusting device (2) can enable the first hydraulic jack 4 to be adjusted to a preset position, and the first hydraulic jack 4 can stably support the vault part of the web. The vertical portion 51 of the web 5 abuts against the wall of the hole and is supported and reinforced by a plurality of second hydraulic jacks 6.
Preferably, the corners of the first door-shaped bracket 11, the second door-shaped bracket 12 and the third door-shaped bracket 13 are provided with obliquely arranged reinforcing ribs. Aim at increases the steadiness of each door type support.
Preferably, the height adjustment device 2 is a hydraulic lifting mechanism.
Preferably, the first door-shaped bracket 11, the second door-shaped bracket 12 and the third door-shaped bracket 13 are all welded by 50-channel steel.
It should be noted that the hinge 8 may be implemented by forming a hole at the joint of the steel plate and then arranging a movable steel bar in the hole.
The reinforcement method suitable for the shallow tunnel hole expansion pre-reinforcement system comprises the following steps:
s101, measuring the size of the inner contour section of the existing tunnel in detail, and assembling and welding tunnel hole expanding pre-reinforcing systems with the existing tunnel sections in equal proportion in advance according to the contour lines of the existing tunnel;
s102, before excavation, the tunnel hole expanding pre-reinforcement system is pushed into an excavation line, the second hydraulic jack 6 is adjusted to enable the outer wall of the vertical portion 51 of the web plate to be in full contact with the inner wall of the existing tunnel contour line, and the arch crown portion 52 is kept in full contact with the top rock surface;
s103, excavating the hole expanding section step by step: firstly, constructing an upper guide excavation H (1.7-2.1 m), and carrying out anchor-spraying support on the upper guide excavation H; middle guide excavation H is 3.0m, and middle guide anchor spraying support is carried out; c, conducting downward excavation H is 3.0m, conducting downward, spraying, anchoring and supporting, then lining concrete for the second time, and finally conducting inverted arch backfill pavement construction;
s104, completing the hole expanding section, completing slag discharging, timely following supporting, drilling a hole at the next ring, and withdrawing the pre-reinforcing system to the outside of the detonating cord after slag blowing and charging are completed to avoid damage.
Preferably, the arch crown part 52 is kept in full contact with the top rock surface in the excavation stage, and if deformation and cracking of the top rock surface are found, advance support should be strengthened to ensure stable excavation.
Preferably, the length of the step-by-step steps is 4.5m, the length of the steps and the number of the steps can be properly adjusted according to the stability of surrounding rocks during construction, and meanwhile, long and short arch supports are combined according to the construction condition of primary support, construction is staggered, and the length of the arch support is not more than 2 arch supports.
Example background: in the transformation process of the Taihang mountain tourism highway, the Yangquan glen county traffic bureau performs hole expanding excavation on the existing shallow buried section, and in the hole expanding process, the pre-reinforcing system disclosed by the invention is adopted to reinforce and support the existing hole body, so that the secondary stress is redistributed, the adjustment and the change can be performed according to the blasting stress and the surrounding rock counter-force, the active intervention and protection can be performed, and the safety risk of construction can be reduced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A tunnel reaming pre-consolidation system suitable for shallow burying is characterized by comprising:
the supporting frame (1) comprises a first door-shaped support (11), a second door-shaped support (12) and a third door-shaped support (13), the second door-shaped support (12) and the third door-shaped support (13) are respectively arranged on two sides of the first door-shaped support (11) and are parallel to the first door-shaped support (11), the second door-shaped support (12) is hinged to the first door-shaped support (11) through a hinge piece (8), and the third door-shaped support (13) is fixedly connected with the first door-shaped support (11);
the height adjusting device (2) is arranged at the tops of the first portal-shaped support (11), the second portal-shaped support (12) and the third portal-shaped support (13), an installation frame (3) is arranged on the height adjusting device (2), and a plurality of first hydraulic jacks (4) are arranged on the installation frame (3);
the web plate (5) comprises two vertical parts (51) and an arch top part (52), the arch top part (52) is positioned at the tops of the two vertical parts (51), the vertical parts (51) are parallel to the upright columns of the first portal-shaped support (11), the second portal-shaped support (12) and the third portal-shaped support (13), a plurality of second hydraulic jacks (6) which are horizontally arranged are arranged between the vertical parts (51) and the upright columns, and the second hydraulic jacks (6) are fixed on the upright columns; the first hydraulic jack (4) is arranged between the arch crown part (52) and the mounting frame (3);
and the travelling mechanism (7) is arranged at the bottoms of the first door-shaped support (11), the second door-shaped support (12) and the third door-shaped support (13) and is used for moving the support frame (1).
2. The pre-reinforcing system for the shallow-buried tunnel expanding hole according to claim 1, wherein the first door-shaped bracket (11), the second door-shaped bracket (12) and the third door-shaped bracket (13) are provided with reinforcing ribs arranged obliquely at the corners.
3. The pre-reinforcing system for shallow-buried tunnel boring according to claim 1, characterized in that the height adjusting means (2) is a hydraulic lifting mechanism.
4. The pre-reinforcing system for the shallow-buried tunnel expanding hole is characterized in that the first portal frame (11), the second portal frame (12) and the third portal frame (13) are welded by 50-channel steel.
5. The reinforcement method for the shallow tunnel expansion pre-reinforcement system according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
s101, measuring the size of the inner contour section of the existing tunnel in detail, and assembling and welding tunnel hole expanding pre-reinforcing systems with the existing tunnel sections in equal proportion in advance according to the contour lines of the existing tunnel;
s102, before excavation, the tunnel hole expanding pre-reinforcement system is pushed into an excavation line, a second hydraulic jack (6) is adjusted to enable the outer wall of the vertical portion (51) of the web plate to be in full contact with the inner wall of the existing tunnel contour line, and the arch crown portion (52) is kept in full contact with the top rock surface;
s103, excavating the hole expanding section step by step: firstly, constructing an upper guide excavation H (1.7-2.1 m), and carrying out anchor-spraying support on the upper guide excavation H; middle guide excavation H is 3.0m, and middle guide anchor spraying support is carried out; c, conducting downward excavation H is 3.0m, conducting downward, spraying, anchoring and supporting, then lining concrete for the second time, and finally conducting inverted arch backfill pavement construction;
s104, completing the hole expanding section, completing slag discharging, timely following supporting, drilling a hole at the next ring, and withdrawing the pre-reinforcing system to the outside of the detonating cord after slag blowing and charging are completed to avoid damage.
6. The method for reinforcing the pre-reinforcing system for the shallow tunnel expanding hole as claimed in claim 5, wherein the arch crown part (52) is kept in sufficient contact with the top rock face during the excavation stage, and if the top rock face is found to be deformed and cracked, the advance support is reinforced to ensure the stable excavation.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the length of the stepped step in step S102 is 4.5m, the length of the step and the number of the step can be adjusted according to the stability of surrounding rock during construction, and the length of the step is not more than 2 arch frames by combining long and short support frames according to the construction condition of primary support and staggering construction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011251379.5A CN112253205A (en) | 2020-11-09 | 2020-11-09 | Tunnel hole-expanding pre-reinforcement system and method suitable for shallow burying |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011251379.5A CN112253205A (en) | 2020-11-09 | 2020-11-09 | Tunnel hole-expanding pre-reinforcement system and method suitable for shallow burying |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112253205A true CN112253205A (en) | 2021-01-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011251379.5A Pending CN112253205A (en) | 2020-11-09 | 2020-11-09 | Tunnel hole-expanding pre-reinforcement system and method suitable for shallow burying |
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| CN (1) | CN112253205A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113738393A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 中铁开发投资集团有限公司 | Construction device and method for shallow-buried drilling and blasting method of urban rail transit in downtown area |
| CN113863269A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-31 | 铁科院(深圳)研究设计院有限公司 | Pipe shed for reinforcing rock-soil layer |
-
2020
- 2020-11-09 CN CN202011251379.5A patent/CN112253205A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113738393A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 中铁开发投资集团有限公司 | Construction device and method for shallow-buried drilling and blasting method of urban rail transit in downtown area |
| CN113863269A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-31 | 铁科院(深圳)研究设计院有限公司 | Pipe shed for reinforcing rock-soil layer |
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