CN112252104A - Light soil filling method using prefabricated member - Google Patents
Light soil filling method using prefabricated member Download PDFInfo
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- CN112252104A CN112252104A CN202011053517.9A CN202011053517A CN112252104A CN 112252104 A CN112252104 A CN 112252104A CN 202011053517 A CN202011053517 A CN 202011053517A CN 112252104 A CN112252104 A CN 112252104A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/006—Foundations for pavings made of prefabricated single units
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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Abstract
The invention relates to a light soil filling method using prefabricated members, comprising the following steps of firstly, determining the section shape and the average width B of a filling area along the width direction and the total height H of the filling area; secondly, determining the type and the corresponding size of the prefabricated part; step three, calculating the number of the prefabricated parts stacked in the unit length filling area; step four, manufacturing a prefabricated part; step five, leveling convex or concave parts in the filling area along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction; step six, filling the filling area; according to the embodiment, the single filling thickness is improved, the construction progress is accelerated, the prefabricated parts can be filled once in a shallow filling area, and the times of layered filling can be reduced in a deep filling area; the whole prefabricated member is stressed as a framework, and the filled pouring body can uniformly disperse the load force in the prefabricated member and bear the force together with the prefabricated member, so that the roadbed strength is finally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of constructional engineering, and particularly relates to a light soil filling method by utilizing prefabricated members.
Background
At present, light soil is used as an engineering material with the advantages of light weight, self-support, durability, high fluidity and the like, can solve the problem of geotechnical engineering foundation treatment which cannot be solved by the traditional concrete and soil, and overcomes the common problems of long soil source transport distance, narrow construction site, difficult use of large machinery and other engineering. In practical application, however, the filling thickness of each layer of light soil is required to be less than 1 m. Because of the engineering characteristics of light soil, continuous operation cannot be performed when the soil is subjected to heavy rain or high temperature during filling. And if the lower layer does not obtain enough strength, the lower layer is damaged, and the connection between the layers is affected when the lower layer is filled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a light soil filling method by utilizing prefabricated parts, which enables the construction steps of light soil filling to be more compact and breaks through the limitation that the requirement of the thickness of single filling is less than 1 m.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a lightweight soil filling method using prefabricated members, the filling method comprising the steps of:
step one, determining the cross section shape and the average width B of a filling area along the width direction and the total height H of the filling area;
secondly, determining the types and the corresponding sizes of the prefabricated parts based on the limits of the cross section shapes of the filling areas in the width direction and the average width B, wherein the sizes of the prefabricated parts take min { B, H }/10 as a reference standard; the types of the prefabricated members comprise a spherical prefabricated member, a cuboid prefabricated member and a regular octahedral prefabricated member;
when the selected type of the prefabricated member is a spherical prefabricated member, determining the diameter R of the spherical prefabricated member; when the selected type of the prefabricated member is a rectangular prefabricated member, determining the length, the width and the height of the rectangular prefabricated member, wherein the length of the rectangular prefabricated member is a, the width of the rectangular prefabricated member is a/2, and the height of the rectangular prefabricated member is a/2; when the selected type of the prefabricated member is the octahedral prefabricated member, determining the edge length d of the octahedral prefabricated member;
step three, calculating the number N of the spherical prefabricated members when the spherical prefabricated members are stacked in the unit length filling area according to the space filling rates of the spherical prefabricated members, the cuboid prefabricated members and the regular octahedral prefabricated membersBall body(ii) a When stacking cuboid prefabricated members in unit length filling area, the number N of the cuboid prefabricated membersRectangular parallelepiped(ii) a The number N of octahedral preforms when stacking the octahedral preforms in the unit length filling areaEight main points of the design(ii) a Calculating the total number of various prefabricated members in the filling area based on the number of various prefabricated members in the filling area with unit length and the length of the filling area along the length direction;
fourthly, based on the types and the total number of the prefabricated parts selected in the second step and the third step, the prefabricated parts with corresponding types and total number are manufactured by taking light soil as a base material;
step five, leveling convex or concave parts in the filling area along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction;
step six, filling the filling area;
when the fabricated prefabricated members are spherical prefabricated members or octahedral prefabricated members, the fabricated spherical prefabricated members or the octahedral prefabricated members are directly poured into a filling area in a natural stacking mode, then pumping of pouring slurry is carried out to fill gaps among the spherical prefabricated members or the octahedral prefabricated members fabricated in the filling area, and pouring bodies with the height of less than or equal to 500mm are filled above the filled fabricated spherical prefabricated members or the octahedral prefabricated members, so that filling is completed;
when the fabricated prefabricated member is a cuboid prefabricated member, a manual stacking mode is adopted, and H is usedRectangular sheetThe height of the cuboid preform is obtained by stacking the cuboid preforms for N timesStacking of preforms, each stacking having a height HRectangular sheetThe manufactured cuboid prefabricated members are all required to be filled in gaps among the manufactured cuboid prefabricated members in a filling area by pumping slurry above the filling area of the manufactured cuboid prefabricated members, and when the cuboid prefabricated members are stacked for the Nth time, the filling bodies with the height less than or equal to 500mm are filled above the filling area of the manufactured cuboid prefabricated members, so that filling is completed. The pouring body can be made of materials with good fluidity and self-standing property after molding, such as light soil, cement mortar and the like, the compressive strength of the pouring body is not less than that of the light soil prefabricated member, and the strength difference between the light soil and the cement mortar is not more than 15% of that of the prefabricated member.
When the fabricated part is an irregular prefabricated part, the geometric shape of the fabricated part is different from that of a simple rotator (such as a sphere and a cylinder) and a simple polyhedron (such as a prism and a cuboid). The irregular body prefabricated member does not independently act as the prefabricated member that uses when piling up, but when filling regional inside need bury the small-size circuit or have horizontal drainage demand, need make corresponding irregular body prefabricated member pre-buried in the region of installing these equipment.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in the first step, a cross-sectional shape of the filling area in the width direction when the filling area is set on a slope is a trapezoid, a sum of widths of an upper base and a lower base of the trapezoid is an average width B of the filling area in the width direction, and a cross-sectional shape of the filling area in the width direction when the filling area is not set on a slope is a rectangle, a length of the rectangle is an average width B of the filling area in the width direction.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, in the second step, when a cross-sectional shape of the filling region in the width direction is a trapezoid, a spherical preform or a rectangular parallelepiped preform is selected; when the cross-sectional shape of the filling area in the width direction is rectangular, a spherical preform or a rectangular parallelepiped preform or a regular octahedral preform is selected.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in the second step, the selection criteria of the prefabricated members are that the shape of the selected prefabricated member and the bottom edge of the cross-sectional shape of the filled area in the width direction and the two side edges in the height direction have stable contact points or surfaces and that a space exists between the plurality of prefabricated members or between the prefabricated members and the filled area.
As a further optimization of the invention, in the second step, when the diameter is less than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to min { B, H }/10 and less than or equal to 500mm, the diameter R of the sphere prefabricated member and the length a of the cuboid prefabricated member can be less than or equal to min { B, H }/10, and the external sphere diameter of the octahedron prefabricated member is equal to
The edge length d is preferably
When min { B, H }/10 is less than or equal to 100mm, the diameter R of the spherical prefabricated part and the length a of the rectangular prefabricated part are 100mm, and the edge length d of the regular octahedral prefabricated part is 70 mm; when min { B, H }/10 is more than or equal to 500mm, the diameter R of the spherical prefabricated member and the length a of the rectangular prefabricated member are 500mm, and the edge length d of the regular octahedral prefabricated member is 360 mm.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the third step, the number N of spherical preforms in the filling area per unit lengthBall bodyThe space filling rate of the sphere prefabricated member is multiplied by the volume of a filling area with unit length/the volume of a single sphere prefabricated member; number N of regular octahedral prefabricated members in unit length filling areaEight main points of the designSpace filling rate of octahedral prefabricated member is multiplied by volume of filling area per unit length/volume of single octahedral prefabricated member.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the fifth step is to dispose the protruding or recessed portions along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction by directly leveling the protruding portions; the concave part at the bottom of the filling area can be leveled by adopting a method of paving broken stones or sand, and the concave part around the filling area along the height direction can be leveled by using cement mortar.
As a further optimization of the invention, in the sixth step, when the cuboids are manually stacked, the stacking of the basic cuboid prefabricated parts has two arrangement modes, wherein one mode is that the cuboid prefabricated parts are placed at an interval of a/2 along the width direction of the filling area; one is that the cuboid prefab is placed at an interval of a/2 along the length direction of a filling area; two kinds of modes of piling up alternately pile up the use, every layer of cuboid prefab put the direction all with the cuboid prefab of adjacent one deck put the direction perpendicular promptly, except putting in the bottom the cuboid prefab, other layers the cuboid prefab all puts at every two of corresponding lower one deck the joint department of cuboid prefab and the joint department at cuboid prefab and filling region edge.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the sixth step, the compressive strength σ of the cast body is set so as to avoid local damage and destruction due to an excessive difference in strengthPouringExceeding the compressive strength sigma of the light soil prefabricated memberPreparation ofAnd the strength difference value of the two satisfies:
through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention improves the single light soil filling thickness, accelerates the construction progress, can finish filling once by using the prefabricated member for the filling area with smaller depth, and can reduce the times of layered filling for the filling area with larger depth;
2. the invention improves the roadbed strength, sets the corresponding prefabricated member in the filling of the light soil, the combination of the prefabricated member and the pouring body can increase the integrity, the upper load force is uniformly dispersed in the prefabricated member and the pouring body, so that the roadbed strength is fully exerted;
3. the prefabricated member can be stored for a long time and is convenient to use, the size of the prefabricated member is designed in a range convenient for manual loading and unloading, and the prepared prefabricated member can be stored in a warehouse in advance and is convenient to use at any time;
4. the invention is little influenced by the environment, the prefabricated member is a light soil block which is completely formed and has pressure resistance, the influence of high temperature and heavy rain is little, and in the actual light soil filling process, if the prefabricated member meets the high temperature and rainfall period, the pumping filling of the pouring body can not be carried out according to the standard, the prefabricated member can be firstly stacked in the region, and then the pumping filling of the pouring body is carried out.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of rectangular parallelepiped preform placement of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the spherical preform placement of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a filling according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a stack of rectangular parallelepiped preforms of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a stack of rectangular parallelepiped preforms of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
The technological parameters related to the invention comprise the total height H of the filling area and the total stacking height H1Height H of filling layer of casting body2Average width B of filling area along width direction, diameter R of sphere prefabricated member, length a width a/2 height a/2 of cuboid prefabricated member, edge length d of regular octahedron prefabricated member, number N of sphere prefabricated membersBall bodyNumber N of regular octahedral prefabricated membersEight main points of the designNumber N of rectangular solid prefabricated membersRectangular parallelepipedNumber of irregular prefabricated parts NIrregular bodyStack height H of single-layer preformRectangular sheetThe number K of stacked layers of prefabricated members in the single-layer prefabricated member, the number N of stacked single-layer prefabricated members and the filling rate N of the octahedral space1The pressure P borne by the rectangular prefabricated member and the standard compressive strength PcEtc.; a coordinate system is established in space, wherein the X-axis direction is the length, the Y-axis direction is the width, and the Z-axis direction is the height.
Based on the above, the invention provides a light soil filling method using prefabricated members, which comprises the following steps:
step one, determining the cross section shape and the average width B of a filling area along the width direction and the total height H of the filling area;
the cross-sectional shape of the filling area in the width direction is divided into a trapezoid shape and a rectangular shape according to whether the slope is set or not. When slope setting is carried out, the cross section shape of the filling area along the width direction is trapezoidal, the sum of the width of the upper bottom and the width of the lower bottom of the trapezoid is the average width B of the filling area along the width direction, when slope setting is not carried out, the cross section shape of the filling area along the width direction is rectangular, and the length of the rectangular is the average width B of the filling area along the width direction.
Secondly, determining the types and the corresponding sizes of the prefabricated parts based on the limits of the cross section shapes of the filling areas in the width direction and the average width B, wherein the sizes of the prefabricated parts take min { B, H }/10 as a reference standard; the types of the prefabricated members comprise a spherical prefabricated member, a cuboid prefabricated member and a regular octahedral prefabricated member; when the cross-sectional shape of the filling area along the width direction is a regular polygon or a circle, and the cross-sectional shape along the width direction is unchanged (i.e. when the opening shape of the filling area is consistent with the bottom shape), a shape matched with the cross-sectional shape can be selected to determine the shape of the prefabricated member, for example, a spherical prefabricated member can be selected as the circular cross-section, and a rectangular prefabricated member can be selected as the rectangular cross-section.
The selection criteria of the prefabricated members are that the shape of the selected prefabricated member and the cross section shape of the filling area along the width direction have stable contact points or surfaces along the bottom edge of the width direction and two side edges of the height direction, and a space exists between a plurality of prefabricated members or between the prefabricated members and the filling area. When the cross sectional shape of filling region edge width direction is trapezoidal, select spheroid prefab or cuboid prefab, because the spheroid prefab is the point contact when contacting with the platform back of the body, can leave great can let the space that the body of pouring passed through, cuboid prefab accessible manual standardization is arranged and is piled up, make leave great can let the space that the slurry of pouring passes through between each cuboid prefab, can not influence the filling of the slurry of pouring to whole spaces, and regular octahedron prefab can't accomplish to contact or surface contact with platform back of the body, regular octahedron prefab is in that part with the domatic contact of platform back of the body, can lead to leaving the space that can not be filled during filling, consequently can only select spheroid prefab or cuboid prefab to fill. When the cross section of the filling area along the width direction is rectangular, the spherical prefabricated member, the cuboid prefabricated member or the regular octahedral prefabricated member is selected, and the three parts are in point contact or surface contact when in contact with the table back, so that filling of pouring slurry to gaps is not influenced.
Also included in this application are irregular preforms whose geometric shapes are distinguished from simple bodies of revolution (e.g. spheres, cylinders) and simple polyhedrons (e.g. prisms, cuboids). When small lines need to be buried or the horizontal drainage needs to be required in a filling area, corresponding irregular prefabricated parts need to be manufactured and embedded in the area where the devices are installed.
As shown in fig. 2, the sphere prefabricated member and the octahedron prefabricated member adopt a natural stacking mode, and the sphere prefabricated member and the octahedron prefabricated member are poured into a filling area, wherein the stacking mode of the cuboid prefabricated member adopts manual stacking. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the stack of the rectangular solid prefabricated members has two arrangements, one is that the rectangular solid prefabricated members are arranged at an interval of a/2 along the width direction of the filling area; one is that the cuboid prefabricated members are placed at an interval of a/2 along the length direction of a filling area; two kinds of modes of piling up alternately pile up the use, every layer of cuboid prefab put the direction all with adjacent one deck promptly the cuboid prefab is put the direction perpendicular, except putting at the bottom the cuboid prefab, other layers the cuboid prefab all puts at every two of corresponding lower one deck the joint department of cuboid prefab with the joint department at cuboid prefab and filling region edge.
When the selected type of the prefabricated member is a spherical prefabricated member, the diameter R of the spherical prefabricated member needs to be determined; when the selected type of the prefabricated member is a rectangular prefabricated member, the length, the width and the height of the rectangular prefabricated member are determined, wherein the length of the rectangular prefabricated member is a, the width of the rectangular prefabricated member is a/2, and the height of the rectangular prefabricated member is a/2; when the selected type of the prefabricated member is the octahedral prefabricated member, the edge length d of the octahedral prefabricated member needs to be determined; and determining a value of the maximum height y of the irregular preform in orthographic projection.
In view of the convenience of handling of various types of preforms, it is necessary to determine the maximum size of the preforms, and to ensure that the size of the preforms is not too small and too troublesome to manufacture and manually stack, min { B, H }/10 is used as a reference standard for the above values.
When the diameter of min { B, H }/10 is less than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 500mm, the diameter R of the sphere prefabricated member and the length a of the cuboid prefabricated member can be min { B, H }/10, and the diameter of an external sphere of the octahedral prefabricated member is
The edge length d is preferably
Taking min { B, H }/10 as the maximum height y of the irregular body prefabricated part; when min { B, H }/10 is less than or equal to 100mm, the diameter R of the spherical prefabricated part and the length a of the rectangular prefabricated part are 100mm, the edge length d of the regular octahedral prefabricated part is 70mm, and the maximum height y of the irregular prefabricated part is 100 mm; when min { B, H }/10 is more than or equal to 500mm, the diameter R of the spherical prefabricated member and the length a of the rectangular prefabricated member are 500mm, the edge length d of the regular octahedral prefabricated member is 360mm, and the maximum height y of the irregular prefabricated member is 500 mm.
Step three, calculating the number N of the spherical prefabricated members when the spherical prefabricated members are stacked in the unit length filling area according to the space filling rates of the spherical prefabricated members, the cuboid prefabricated members and the regular octahedral prefabricated membersBall body(ii) a When stacking cuboid prefabricated members in unit length filling area, the number N of the cuboid prefabricated membersRectangular parallelepiped(ii) a The number N of octahedral preforms when stacking the octahedral preforms in the unit length filling areaEight main points of the design；
For a filling area with a trapezoidal or rectangular section along the length direction, the space volume per unit length is B multiplied by H, and the total height H of the filling area is equal to the total stacking height H1+ height of filling layer of casting body2The pouring body filling layer is arranged because the upper part of the filling area does not need a prefabricated member, and the pouring body can be directly filled.
Wherein, the number N of the sphere prefabricated members in the unit length filling areaBall bodyDue to the same diameterThe space filling for the closest packed spheres was 74% (this data was obtained experimentally) and the volume occupied by the closest packed sphere preform was about 0.74 bxh1The number N of spherical prefabricated parts in the unit length filling areaBall bodyComprises the following steps:
for the number N of regular octahedral prefabricated members in unit length filling areaEight main points of the designLet n be the space filling rate of regular octahedron and the space filling rate of irregular body1、n2. To calculate n1And n2The specific values of (a) are required to be tested, and the test method is as follows: an open square wooden box with a length of L is manufactured, and the edge length is
The regular octahedron model (if the regular octahedron model is irregular, the maximum height under the orthographic projection is L/10) is piled in the box, the wood box surface is ensured to have no obvious recess, namely the wood box is filled, at the moment, weighing is carried out, and the total mass m of the wood box and the model is obtained1Then adding water into the wooden box until the water is level with the surface of the wooden box, and obtaining the total mass m of the wooden box, the model and the water again2。
From the above-mentioned experimental data, the space filling factor n of the octahedral model in the filling area per unit length can be obtained1Comprises the following steps:
space filling rate n of irregular body2Calculating in the same way to obtain;
according to the calculated n1、n2The number of the octahedral prefab in the unit length filling area N can be calculatedEight main points of the designAnd the number N of the irregular body prefabricated membersIrregular bodyRespectively (the volume of the irregular body is V, and V can be irregular by a drainage method or division methodThen the body becomes a regular body and is obtained after recalculation):
Nirregular body＝n2BH1/V
For the rectangular prefabricated members, the rectangular prefabricated members are regularly stacked by manpower, so the number N of the rectangular prefabricated members in a unit length filling areaRectangular parallelepipedThe following method is adopted for calculation: in a width b, in the unlimited rectangle filling area of length, first layer cuboid prefab gets interval a/2 along the regional length direction of rectangle when artifical piling up and puts, then the prefab number of every row is b/a, second layer cuboid prefab is when artifical piling up, gets interval a/2 along the width b direction and puts, puts direction and first layer mutually perpendicular, and every prefab of putting promptly puts at the intersection of every two prefabs of first layer and the intersection of prefab and regional edge, then the prefab number of every row is b/a + 1.
According to the calculation method, two layers of cuboid prefabricated members which need b/a + b/a +1, namely 2b/a +1 cuboid prefabricated members are paved in the area with the width b and the length a. Then the width is b, the length is infinite, and the height is H1Can fill 2H in the filling space1A layer. Then, the length of the region is 1m, and the unit length, the width is b and the height is H1The number N of cuboid prefabricated parts which can be stacked in the filling spaceRectangular parallelepipedComprises the following steps:
fourthly, based on the types and the total number of the prefabricated parts selected in the second step and the third step, the prefabricated parts with corresponding types and total number are manufactured by taking light soil as a base material;
step five, leveling convex or concave parts in the filling area along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction;
when the prefabricated members are stacked, the protruding or recessed parts in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction in the filling area influence the stacking of the prefabricated members, hollow parts are blocked by the prefabricated members and cannot be filled with pouring bodies, cavities are formed, and the final filling effect is influenced, so that the protruding or recessed parts in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction in the filling area are required to be leveled before the prefabricated members are stacked.
Step six, filling the filling area; when the prefabricated parts are spherical prefabricated parts or octahedral prefabricated parts, the spherical prefabricated parts or the octahedral prefabricated parts are directly poured into a filling area in a natural stacking mode, then slurry is poured and pumped to fill gaps among the spherical prefabricated parts or gaps among the octahedral prefabricated parts in the filling area, and a pouring body with the height of less than or equal to 500mm is filled above the filled spherical prefabricated parts or the octahedral prefabricated parts, wherein the pouring body can be made of materials with good fluidity and self-standing property after being formed, such as light soil, cement mortar and the like, the compressive strength of the pouring body is not less than that of the light soil prefabricated parts, and the strength difference value of the light soil and the octahedral prefabricated parts is not more than 15% of that of the prefabricated parts. Completing the filling; when the prefab of making is the cuboid prefab, adopt artifical mode of piling up, need carry on piling up of the cuboid prefab of making N times to HRectangular sheetAs the height of the cuboid preform made by single stacking, the height of each stacking is HRectangular sheetThe manufactured cuboid prefabricated member needs to be filled in a gap between the manufactured cuboid prefabricated members in a filling area by pumping slurry above the filling area of the filled cuboid prefabricated member, and when the cuboid prefabricated member is stacked for the Nth time, a casting body with the height less than or equal to 500mm is filled above the filling area of the filled cuboid prefabricated member, so that filling is completed.
Before the prefabricated member is filled in a filling area, firstly, the prefabricated member of the corresponding irregular body such as a pre-buried small-sized line or a transverse drain pipe is installed in the corresponding area, and then the prefabricated member and the pouring body are filled in the residual filling area.
When the prefabricated member is a spherical prefabricated member or a regular octahedral prefabricated member, the prefabricated member is directly poured into the filling area in a natural stacking mode, and the flow path of the pouring slurry is irregular when the pouring slurry is filled, so that pumping pipes are required to be held and simultaneously move in the filling area and the edge of the filling area while filling the pouring body, the pouring slurry flows from the periphery to the center and the upper layer to the lower layer, and the gap between the prefabricated members is completely filled.
For a spherical preform of diameter R, the height H of a single stack of spherical preforms is calculatedSphere sheetThe calculation method is as follows: firstly measuring the mass M of the sphere prefabricated partBall with ball-shaped sectionAnd the four sphere prefabricated parts are placed on the flat ground in two rows and two columns and are fixed by bricks to prevent rolling. Putting the upper steel plate on the four spherical prefabricated members, loading the steel plates in a grading manner, observing whether obvious cracks are generated on the surfaces of the four spherical prefabricated members before and after each loading, and if so, taking the load before the cracks are generated and the weight of the steel plates as final loads, so that the load damaged by the single spherical prefabricated member is 1/4 of the final load and is marked as S. In the actual natural stacking of the spherical prefabricated members, the spherical prefabricated members stacked on the lower layer bear the weight of one spherical prefabricated member on the upper layer on average, so that the single spherical prefabricated member has the highest stacking layer number
The result is rounded down, the height H of the sphere preform being stacked in a single passSphere sheetComprises the following steps:
the mold of the rectangular prefabricated member is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low; the structure frame formed by the artificially stacked cuboid prefabricated parts is more uniform in stress, more reasonable in force transmission and good in integrity; after the cuboid prefab is piled up and is accomplished, pouring the slurry pump sending and accomplish the back, inside can not produce the dislocation, the condition that appears the surface subsides. When the prefab of making is the cuboid prefab, adopt artifical mode of piling up, the cuboid prefab mode of piling up as follows: the stacking of the cuboid prefabricated members has two arrangement modes, wherein the cuboid prefabricated members are placed at an interval of a/2 along the width direction of a filling area; one is that the cuboid prefabricated components are placed at intervals of a/2 along the length direction of the filling area. Two kinds of modes of piling up alternately pile up the use, every layer of cuboid prefab put the direction all with the cuboid prefab of adjacent one deck put the direction perpendicular promptly, except putting the cuboid prefab at the bottom, other layers of cuboid prefabs all put the joint department of every two cuboid prefabs of corresponding lower one deck and the joint department at cuboid prefab and filling regional edge. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the number of layers of cuboid prefab is from up calculating down, first layer cuboid prefab gets interval a/2 along the regional width direction of rectangle when the manual work piles up and puts, second layer cuboid prefab is when the manual work piles up, get interval a/2 along the length direction and put, put direction and first layer cuboid prefab mutually perpendicular, the odd number layer cuboid prefab of putting backward is unanimous with first layer cuboid prefab mode of putting, even number layer cuboid prefab is unanimous with second layer cuboid prefab mode of putting. As shown in fig. 1, the rectangular preform in contact with the slope is cut, so that the cut surface of the rectangular preform is in close contact with the slope surface of the slope.
When stacked by rectangular preforms, with HRectangular sheetAs the height of the cuboid preform made by single stacking, the height of each stacking is HRectangular sheetThe manufactured cuboid prefabricated member needs to be filled with the slurry while moving along the lowermost prefabricated member around the edge of the filled cuboid prefabricated member region, so that the slurry flows towards the center from the periphery, and the gap between the prefabricated members can be completely filled.
Height H of single stacked cuboid prefabricated member is limited by using strength of bottom cuboid prefabricated member reaching strength limit to cause damage as standard compressive strengthRectangular sheetAnd calculating the stack of the cuboid prefabricated member in the single stacking of the cuboid prefabricated member according to the bearing capacityThe number of lamination layers K;
wherein, for the rectangular preform with the length, width and height of a, a/2 and a/2, the mass M is firstly measuredRectangular parallelepipedThe average cuboid prefabricated member of the lower layer is required to bear the weight of the cuboid prefabricated member of the upper layer, the pressed area is a/2 multiplied by a/2, and therefore the limit bearing capacity test is required to be carried out on the prefabricated member of the lowest layer, and the standard compressive strength P is obtained by obtaining the limit of the bearing capacitycThe cuboid prefabricated member at the lowest layer bears pressure P, the stacking number K of the cuboid prefabricated members in the cuboid prefabricated member stacked at one time, the gravity acceleration g and the standard compressive strength PcThe relationship to be satisfied is:
calculate the maximum value that the number of piles of layer K was piled up to cuboid prefab in the single pile cuboid prefab and get whole downwards according to the above formula, then the single height H who piles up the cuboid prefabRectangular sheetComprises the following steps:
height H of single-stacked rectangular parallelepiped preformRectangular sheetComparing with total height H of filling area to determine value of N, when H isRectangular sheet<When H, N is H/HRectangular sheetThe value of N is rounded up; when H is presentRectangular sheetWhen the ratio is more than H, taking 1 from N, and carrying out one-time filling.
In the actual stacking process, the prefabricated members with different shapes can be combined for use, the situation of the stacking mode is applicable, when the filling depth is deeper, the prefabricated members can be directly stacked naturally, when the prefabricated members are poured downwards, the prefabricated members can collide to generate cracks or directly crack due to overlarge roll height, at the moment, the method of manually stacking the prefabricated members can be used for stacking the cuboid prefabricated members and pumping the casting body on the lower layer, and then the prefabricated members can be poured naturally and pumping the casting body on the upper layer. The method for combining the prefabricated members can effectively exert the advantages of different prefabricated members.
Example 1.
The embodiment provides an implementation environment, and a calculation mode and a stacking mode for intuitively demonstrating each parameter of a rectangular solid prefabricated member, wherein the specific implementation environment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, a specific calculation process and a filling method of a rectangular prefabricated member in a certain actual filling area are demonstrated, in this experimental environment, the width of a road bed is 27m, the total height H of a roadbed is 5m, the slope of a road bed cutting slope is 1:1, and the length of a platform slope is 7 m.
Because of the regional cross sectional shape along width direction of building is trapezoidal in this experiment, consequently selects cuboid prefab or spheroid prefab, selects in this experiment to fill with the cuboid prefab. The measured average width B was 29.5m, and the volume V of the filled area per unit length was 147.5m3。
The dimensional parameters of the rectangular parallelepiped preform are then determined, since B/10>500mm, the length a, width a/2, height a/2 of the rectangular parallelepiped preform being 500mm, 250mm, respectively.
Then calculating the number of cuboid prefabricated parts required by the filling area with unit length and the total stacking height H14.5m, and calculating the number N of cuboids required by a unit length filling area according to a formulaRectangular parallelepipedComprises the following steps:
then calculating the number N of times of layering and the mixing proportion strength P selected by the cuboid prefabricated membercIs 2MPa, and has a density of 550kg/m3The mass M of a rectangular parallelepiped preform having dimensions of 500mm × 250mm × 250mmRectangular parallelepiped17.2kg, the acceleration of gravity g is 10m/s2Then the cuboid prefab piles up number of piles K and the height H that the cuboid prefab was piled up to the single in the single cuboid prefab of piling upRectangular sheetComprises the following steps:
height H of cuboid preform due to single stackingRectangular sheetMuch greater than 5m, so the height H of the rectangular parallelepiped preform is stacked onceRectangular sheetAnd 5m is taken, so that N is 1, and the filling is only needed once in the experimental environment. When the total filling height of the cuboid prefabricated member is close to H, stopping stacking the cuboid prefabricated member, and filling the slurry in the uppermost layer of the cuboid prefabricated member until the total of the filling height of the prefabricated member and the filling height of the pouring body in the uppermost layer reaches H.
In the embodiment, when the spherical prefabricated member and the regular octahedral prefabricated member are selected for filling, the filling is more convenient, because the pouring slurry has good fluidity, the gap between the prefabricated members can be filled with the pouring body only by filling once, and then the pouring body with the height less than or equal to 500mm is filled in the upper layer. When the filling area is shallow, if the cross section of the filling area along the width direction is rectangular, a spherical prefabricated member or a regular octahedral prefabricated member is selected, so that filling can be completed more quickly and conveniently; if the cross section of the filling area along the width direction is trapezoidal, a spherical prefabricated part or a cuboid prefabricated part can be selected, and filling can be completed more quickly and conveniently in comparison with the spherical prefabricated part; when the filling area is deep, if the cross section of the filling area in the width direction is rectangular, the spherical prefabricated part or the octahedral prefabricated part is selected, filling can be completed more quickly and conveniently, but the strength is not enough, and the rectangular prefabricated parts are selected for stacking at the moment, so that the filling effect is better; if fill regional cross sectional shape along width direction for trapezoidal, optional spheroid prefab or cuboid prefab, comparatively speaking select for use the cuboid prefab can guarantee that the filling effect is better.
In conclusion, the embodiment improves the filling thickness of the light soil once, accelerates the construction progress, can finish filling once by using the prefabricated parts for the filling area with smaller depth, and can reduce the times of layered filling for the filling area with larger depth; the embodiment improves the strength of the roadbed, the prefabricated member is added in the filling of the light soil, the combination of the prefabricated member and the pouring body can increase the integrity, and the upper loading force is uniformly dispersed in the prefabricated member and the pouring body, so that the strength of the roadbed is fully exerted; the prefabricated member of the embodiment can be stored for a long time and is convenient to use; the size of the prefabricated member is designed in the range convenient for manual loading and unloading, and the prepared prefabricated member can be stored in a warehouse in advance and is convenient to use at any time; this embodiment is influenced by the environment for a short time, and the prefab is the light soil block that has become completely and possess compressive capacity, receives high temperature, and the influence of heavy rain is little, and at actual light soil filling in-process, if meet high temperature, rainfall period, can not carry out the pump filling of pouring slurry according to the standard, can carry out the pile up of prefab in the region earlier, later carry out the pump filling of pouring slurry again.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The meaning of "and/or" as used herein is intended to include both the individual components or both.
The term "connected" as used herein may mean either a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components via other components.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for filling light soil by using prefabricated parts is characterized in that: the filling method comprises the following steps:
step one, determining the cross section shape and the average width B of a filling area along the width direction and the total height H of the filling area;
secondly, determining the types and the corresponding sizes of the prefabricated parts based on the limits of the cross section shapes of the filling areas in the width direction and the average width B, wherein the sizes of the prefabricated parts take min { B, H }/10 as a reference standard; the types of the prefabricated members comprise a spherical prefabricated member, a cuboid prefabricated member and a regular octahedral prefabricated member;
when the selected type of the prefabricated member is a spherical prefabricated member, determining the diameter R of the spherical prefabricated member; when the selected type of the prefabricated member is a rectangular prefabricated member, determining the length, the width and the height of the rectangular prefabricated member, wherein the length of the rectangular prefabricated member is a, the width of the rectangular prefabricated member is a/2, and the height of the rectangular prefabricated member is a/2; when the selected type of the prefabricated member is the octahedral prefabricated member, determining the edge length d of the octahedral prefabricated member;
step three, calculating the number N of the spherical prefabricated members when the spherical prefabricated members are stacked in the unit length filling area according to the space filling rates of the spherical prefabricated members, the cuboid prefabricated members and the regular octahedral prefabricated membersBall body(ii) a When stacking cuboid prefabricated members in unit length filling area, the number N of the cuboid prefabricated membersRectangular parallelepiped(ii) a The number N of octahedral preforms when stacking the octahedral preforms in the unit length filling areaEight main points of the design(ii) a Calculating the total number of various prefabricated members in the filling area based on the number of various prefabricated members in the filling area with unit length and the length of the filling area along the length direction;
fourthly, based on the types and the total number of the prefabricated parts selected in the second step and the third step, the prefabricated parts with corresponding types and total number are manufactured by taking light soil as a base material;
step five, leveling convex or concave parts in the filling area along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction;
step six, filling the filling area;
when the prefabricated parts are spherical prefabricated parts or octahedral prefabricated parts, the spherical prefabricated parts or the octahedral prefabricated parts are directly poured into a filling area in a natural stacking mode, then pumping of pouring slurry is carried out to fill gaps among the spherical prefabricated parts or the octahedral prefabricated parts in the filling area, and pouring bodies with the height of less than or equal to 500mm are filled above the filled spherical prefabricated parts or the octahedral prefabricated parts;
when the fabricated prefabricated member is a cuboid prefabricated member, a manual stacking mode is adopted, and H is usedRectangular sheetStacking the cuboid prefabricated member for N times as the height of the cuboid prefabricated member for single stacking, wherein the height of each stacking is HRectangular sheetThe manufactured cuboid prefabricated members are all required to be filled with gaps among the manufactured cuboid prefabricated members in the filling area by pumping the pouring slurry above the filling area of the filled cuboid prefabricated members, and when the cuboid prefabricated members are stacked for the Nth time, light soil with the height less than or equal to 500mm is filled above the filling area of the filled cuboid prefabricated members, so that filling is finished;
when the fabricated part is an irregular prefabricated part, the geometric shape of the fabricated part is different from that of a simple rotating body (such as a sphere and a cylinder) and a simple polyhedron (such as a prism and a cuboid); the irregular body prefabricated member does not independently act as the prefabricated member that uses when piling up, but when filling regional inside need bury the small-size circuit or have horizontal drainage demand, need make corresponding irregular body prefabricated member pre-buried in the region of installing these equipment.
2. A lightweight soil filling method using prefabricated parts according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, when the filling area is set on a slope, the cross section of the filling area along the width direction is trapezoidal, the sum of the widths of the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the trapezoid is the average width B of the filling area along the width direction, when the filling area is not set on a slope, the cross section of the filling area along the width direction is rectangular, and the length of the rectangular is the average width B of the filling area along the width direction.
3. A lightweight soil filling method using prefabricated parts according to claim 2, wherein: in the second step, when the cross section of the filling area along the width direction is trapezoidal, a spherical prefabricated part or a rectangular prefabricated part is selected; when the cross-sectional shape of the filling area in the width direction is rectangular, a spherical preform or a rectangular parallelepiped preform or a regular octahedral preform is selected.
4. A lightweight soil filling method using prefabricated parts according to claim 3, wherein: in the second step, the selection criteria of the prefabricated members are that stable contact points or surfaces are required to be arranged on the bottom edge of the shape of the selected prefabricated member and the cross section shape of the filling area along the width direction and on the two side edges along the height direction, and spaces exist among a plurality of prefabricated members or among the prefabricated members and the filling area.
5. The lightweight soil filling method using the prefabricated member as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the second step, when the diameter of min { B, H }/10 is more than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 500mm, the diameter R of the sphere prefabricated member and the length a of the cuboid prefabricated member can be min { B, H }/10, and the diameter of an external sphere of the octahedron prefabricated member is
The edge length d is preferably
When min { B, H }/10 is less than or equal to 100mm, the diameter R of the spherical prefabricated part and the length a of the rectangular prefabricated part are 100mm, and the edge length d of the regular octahedral prefabricated part is 70 mm; when min { B, H }/10 is more than or equal to 500mm, the diameter R of the spherical prefabricated member and the length a of the rectangular prefabricated member are 500mm, and the edge length d of the regular octahedral prefabricated member is 360 mm.
6. The method for filling lightweight soil using prefabricated parts according to claim 2, wherein the prefabricated parts are used in a manner of being constructed in aThe method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the number N of the sphere prefabricated parts in the unit length filling areaBall bodyThe space filling rate of the sphere prefabricated member is multiplied by the volume of a filling area with unit length/the volume of a single sphere prefabricated member; number N of regular octahedral prefabricated members in unit length filling areaEight main points of the designSpace filling rate of octahedral prefabricated member is multiplied by volume of filling area per unit length/volume of single octahedral prefabricated member.
7. A lightweight soil filling method using prefabricated parts according to claim 1, wherein: the fifth step is to treat the convex or concave parts along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction by directly leveling the convex parts; the concave part at the bottom of the filling area can be leveled by adopting a method of paving broken stones or sand, and the concave part around the filling area along the height direction can be leveled by using cement mortar.
8. A lightweight soil filling method using prefabricated parts according to claim 1, wherein: in the sixth step, when the cuboids are manually stacked, the stacking of the basic cuboid prefabricated parts has two arrangement modes, wherein one mode is that the cuboid prefabricated parts are placed at an interval of a/2 along the width direction of a filling area; one is that the cuboid prefab is placed at an interval of a/2 along the length direction of a filling area; two kinds of modes of piling up alternately pile up the use, every layer of cuboid prefab put the direction all with the cuboid prefab of adjacent one deck put the direction perpendicular promptly, except putting in the bottom the cuboid prefab, other layers the cuboid prefab all puts at every two of corresponding lower one deck the joint department of cuboid prefab and the joint department at cuboid prefab and filling region edge.
9. A lightweight soil filling method using prefabricated parts according to claim 1, wherein: in the sixth step, in order to avoid local damage and damage caused by excessive strength difference, the compressive strength sigma of the cast bodyPouringExceeding the compressive strength sigma of the light soil prefabricated memberPreparation ofAnd both of themThe intensity difference of (a) satisfies:
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