CN112251260A - Overhead feeding TFB gasification furnace - Google Patents

Overhead feeding TFB gasification furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112251260A
CN112251260A CN202011221021.8A CN202011221021A CN112251260A CN 112251260 A CN112251260 A CN 112251260A CN 202011221021 A CN202011221021 A CN 202011221021A CN 112251260 A CN112251260 A CN 112251260A
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China
Prior art keywords
gasification chamber
area
gasification
chamber
blanking
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CN202011221021.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112251260B (en
Inventor
贾天新
赵增志
刘洋
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Beijing One A Hi Tech Energy Technology Co ltd
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Beijing One A Hi Tech Energy Technology Co ltd
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Publication of CN112251260A publication Critical patent/CN112251260A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0909—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/0923—Sludge, e.g. from water treatment plant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an overhead feeding TFB gasification furnace, which comprises a gasification chamber, a feeding device and a separator, wherein the top of a blanking cylinder is provided with a feeding port connected with the feeding device. And a plurality of spray pipes are arranged at the top of the charging barrel around the circumferential direction of the feeding port. The gasification chamber is a variable cross-section gasification chamber and comprises a gradually-expanding area arranged at the lower part, a gradually-contracting area arranged at the upper part and a uniform cross-section transition area connecting the gradually-expanding area and the gradually-expanding area. The blanking barrel is arranged in a straight barrel type and extends into the reducing area of the variable-section gasification chamber to form a blanking area in the reducing area. The separator is connected with the gasification chamber through a horizontal flue, and the inlet of the horizontal flue is positioned above the outlet of the blanking barrel, so that the fuel can completely fall into a dense-phase region at the lower part of the gasification chamber to participate in gasification. The method has the advantages that the high moisture content materials are preheated and dried in the falling process, the severe fluctuation of pressure and temperature caused by the direct entering of the high moisture fuel into the dense-phase region of the turbulent fluidized bed can be avoided, the gasification degree and the calorific value of the gasified gas are improved, and the like.

Description

Overhead feeding TFB gasification furnace
Technical Field
The invention relates to a top-mounted feeding TFB gasification furnace, which is particularly suitable for high-moisture-content waste materials such as sludge, oil sludge, waste paper residues and the like, and belongs to the field of combustible solid waste gasification.
Background
High-moisture garbage such as sludge, oil sludge, waste paper residues and the like after mechanical dehydration is difficult to burn by utilizing the existing grate furnace, and the auxiliary fuel is required to be added to the existing circulating fluidized bed or bubbling fluidized bed burning device due to low heat value and high moisture. The multi-flow TFB (turbulent fluidized bed) gasification incineration system is beginning to be effectively applied due to the advantages of low gasification temperature, stable reaction, high combustion temperature, low initial discharge and the like. The requirement of the multi-flow TFB gasification incinerator on the calorific value of the waste material to be fed into the incinerator is lower than that of other forms of gasification incineration, and the main reason is that the TFB gasification temperature is low. After the high-moisture garbage enters the furnace, the high-moisture garbage enters the dense-phase region to be subjected to gasification reaction, and if the high-moisture garbage can be preheated and dried, the requirement of the gasification process of the dense-phase region on the heat value of the material can be greatly reduced, so that the investment is saved, and the operating cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide an overhead fed TFB (turbulent fluidized bed) gasifier to pre-dry high moisture waste during the fall.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an overhead-fed TFB gasifier comprising a gasification chamber, a feeding device and a separator, and a charging hopper arranged below the feeding device; the gasification chamber is a variable cross-section gasification chamber, and the variable cross-section gasification chamber comprises a gradually expanding area arranged at the lower part, a gradually reducing area arranged at the upper part and a uniform cross-section transition area connecting the gradually reducing area and the gradually expanding area; the blanking barrel is arranged in a straight barrel type, and a reducing area of the variable-section gasification chamber extends into the lower part of the middle part of the blanking barrel and forms a blanking area in the reducing area; the top of the charging barrel is provided with a feeding port connected with the feeding device, the top of the charging barrel is also provided with a plurality of spray pipes for spraying air or steam, and the spray pipes are arranged around the feeding port in the circumferential direction; the separator is connected with the gasification chamber through a horizontal flue, the inlet of the horizontal flue is arranged on the wall surface of the tapered area of the gasification chamber, and the inlet of the horizontal flue is positioned above the outlet of the blanking barrel; a primary air chamber and a slag discharge pipe are arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber; and the lower part and the upper part of the divergent zone are respectively provided with a plurality of secondary air ports and a plurality of tertiary air ports.
In the technical scheme, the two separators are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the gasification chamber, and each separator is connected with the gasification chamber through the horizontal flue.
In the technical scheme, the diameter or side length of the blanking barrel is D, and the distance delta h from the central axis of the horizontal flue to the outlet of the blanking barrel is 0.25D < delta h < D.
In the technical scheme, the feeding device comprises a storage bin and a two-stage seal feeder arranged below the storage bin.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1) the arrangement of the blanking area prevents the materials from being directly brought into the separator; 2) the heat generated by gasification is utilized for pre-drying in the falling process of the high-humidity waste, and auxiliary fuel can be added or not added; 3) when falling, the high-humidity waste is heated to raise the temperature and release moisture, so that severe fluctuation of pressure and temperature caused by direct entering of high-moisture fuel into a dense-phase region of the turbulent fluidized bed is avoided; 4) part of plastic and paper are gasified in the falling process, the reaction strength of the whole gasification chamber is improved, the volume of equipment is reduced, and the initial investment is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic of an overhead-fed TFB gasifier according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a gasification chamber; 2-a feeding device; 3-a separator; 4-a blanking barrel; 5-horizontal flue; 6-spraying a pipe; 7-a primary air chamber; 8-secondary air port; 9-tertiary air ports; 10-slag discharge pipe.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments and operation of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The terms of orientation such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear in the present specification are established based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings. The corresponding positional relationship may also vary depending on the drawings, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection.
As shown in fig. 1, an overhead-fed TFB gasifier, includes a gasification chamber 1, a feeding device 2, and a separator 3.
The feeding device 2 comprises a bin and a two-stage seal feeder arranged below the bin. The two-stage sealed feeder can be fed by a screw or an auger, and the falling section of the two-stage sealed feeder is a star-shaped feeder. A blanking barrel 4 is arranged below the feeding device 2, and a feeding opening is arranged at the top of the blanking barrel 4 and connected with the feeding device 2. The top of the charging barrel 4 is also provided with a plurality of spray pipes 6 for spraying air or steam, and the spray pipes 6 are circumferentially arranged around the feeding port. The end of the spray pipe 6 is provided with a plurality of nozzles.
The gasification chamber 1 is a variable cross-section gasification chamber, and the variable cross-section gasification chamber comprises a gradually-expanding area arranged at the lower part, a gradually-reducing area arranged at the upper part and a uniform cross-section transition area connecting the gradually-reducing area and the gradually-expanding area.
The blanking barrel 4 is arranged in a straight barrel type, and the diameter or the side length of the blanking barrel 4 is D. The material dropping barrel 4 extends into the reducing area of the variable cross-section gasification chamber below the middle part and forms a material dropping area in the reducing area. In general, there are two separators 3, which are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the gasification chamber 1. The two separators 3 are connected with the gasification chamber 1 through a horizontal flue 5, the inlet of the horizontal flue 5 is provided with the wall surface of the reducing area of the gasification chamber 1, and the inlet of the horizontal flue 5 is positioned above the outlet of the blanking barrel. Preferably, the distance delta h from the central axis of the horizontal flue to the outlet of the blanking barrel is 0.25D < delta h < D. Therefore, the fuel entering the gasification chamber 1 through the charging barrel 4 can completely fall into a dense-phase region at the lower part of the gasification chamber to participate in gasification, and can not be directly taken out of the gasification chamber by the ascending mixed gas flow and directly enters the separator from the horizontal flue, thereby avoiding possible tar adhesion and even blockage.
The bottom of the gasification chamber 1 is provided with a primary air chamber 7 and a slag discharge pipe 10. An air distribution plate and an air cap are arranged on the primary air chamber 7, and air is introduced to be used as a primary gasification agent to fluidize the material at the bottom. The lower part of the divergent zone of the gasification chamber 1 is provided with a secondary air port 8 for injecting air as a secondary gasification agent, and the upper part of the divergent zone is also provided with a tertiary air port 9 for injecting air as a tertiary gasification agent. The arrangement of the primary gasifying agent and the secondary and tertiary gasifying agents enables the turbulent fluidization state to be formed in the gasifying chamber.
The gasification furnace is particularly suitable for waste materials with high water content, such as sludge, oil sludge, waste paper residues and the like. The high-moisture material is fed into the blanking barrel 4 through the feeding device 2 in a sealed manner, and is heated to evaporate moisture in the blanking area in the process of falling from the top after entering the furnace, so that the heat absorption capacity of the high-moisture material in the dense-phase area is reduced, the combustion share of the gasification process can be effectively reduced, the air/oxygen amount entering the furnace is reduced, and the gasification gas heat value can be improved. The arrangement of the wet garbage is that a part of plastic, paper and the like contained in the wet garbage is pre-dried in the falling process and simultaneously starts pyrolysis and gasification. Meanwhile, the top feeding also avoids the violent fluctuation of pressure and temperature caused by the flash evaporation of water and the rapid release of volatile components due to the rapid and high-intensity heat and mass transfer when the high-moisture fuel directly enters the dense-phase region of the turbulent fluidized bed; the material amount of the reaction at the bottom is reduced, thereby reducing the volume of the equipment.
The dried material is gasified in a cascade mode under the feeding of a primary gasifying agent, a secondary gasifying agent and a tertiary gasifying agent, generated gasified gas ascends, enters a separator 3 from a horizontal flue 5 for gas-solid separation, the separated solid material is directly discharged out of the furnace, and the separated gas product is further purified and collected as a product or enters the next procedure for combustion and utilization.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. An overhead-fed TFB gasifier, characterized by comprising a gasification chamber (1), a feeding device (2) and a separator (3), and a charging chute (4) arranged below the feeding device (2); the gasification chamber (1) is a variable cross-section gasification chamber and comprises a gradually expanding area arranged at the lower part, a gradually reducing area arranged at the upper part and an equal cross-section transition area connecting the gradually reducing area and the gradually expanding area; the blanking barrel (4) is arranged in a straight barrel type, and a reducing area of the variable-section gasification chamber extends into the lower part of the middle part of the blanking barrel (4); the top of the charging barrel (4) is provided with a feeding port connected with the feeding device (2), the top of the charging barrel (4) is also provided with a plurality of spray pipes (6) for spraying air or steam, and the spray pipes (6) are circumferentially arranged around the feeding port; the separator (3) is connected with the gasification chamber (1) through a horizontal flue (5), the inlet of the horizontal flue (5) is arranged on the wall surface of a reducing area of the gasification chamber (1), and the inlet of the horizontal flue (5) is positioned above the outlet of the blanking barrel; a primary air chamber (7) and a slag discharge pipe (10) are arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber (1); the lower part and the upper part of the divergent zone are respectively provided with a plurality of secondary air ports (8) and a plurality of tertiary air ports (9).
2. An overhead fed TFB gasifier according to claim 1, wherein there are two separators (3) arranged symmetrically on either side of the gasifier chamber (1), each connected to the gasifier chamber by a horizontal flue.
3. An overhead fed TFB gasifier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diameter or side length of the blanking drum (4) is D, and the distance Δ h of the horizontal flue central axis from the blanking drum outlet is 0.25D < Δ h < D.
4. The overhead fed TFB gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding device (2) comprises a silo and a two-stage seal feeder arranged below the silo.
CN202011221021.8A 2020-11-05 2020-11-05 Overhead feeding TFB gasification furnace Active CN112251260B (en)

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CN112251260B CN112251260B (en) 2022-07-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115949951A (en) * 2023-01-28 2023-04-11 山东吉阳新能源科技股份有限公司 High-temperature cracking internal circulation garbage incinerator

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN200992538Y (en) * 2007-01-19 2007-12-19 合肥天焱绿色能源开发有限公司 Multi-jet distributed biomass fluidized bed gasifier
CN101387403A (en) * 2008-10-23 2009-03-18 北京博奇电力科技有限公司 Fluidized bed incinerator, circulating fluidized bed incinerator and incineration system
CN102329651A (en) * 2011-08-26 2012-01-25 北京大学深圳研究生院 Three-stage gasification device for producing synthesis gas through biomass pyrolysis and gasification
CN103275760A (en) * 2013-05-17 2013-09-04 中国天辰工程有限公司 Novel gasifier and industrial application thereof
KR101326670B1 (en) * 2013-06-07 2013-11-08 한국에너지기술연구원 Circulating fluidized bed plasma gasifier with microwave plasma torch
CN205011715U (en) * 2015-10-09 2016-02-03 廊坊德基机械科技有限公司 A anti -coking control system for air current bed coal gasifier
CN107286993A (en) * 2017-08-01 2017-10-24 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Variable cross-section circulating fluidized bed gasification device and gasification process
US20180066199A1 (en) * 2015-03-12 2018-03-08 Bicarbo Sp.Z.O.O. Method and system for the manufacture of methane as well as heat and electricity by hydrogasification of biomass
CN110260302A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-09-20 西安交通大学 A kind of fluidized gasification flying dust uses system
CN210140561U (en) * 2019-04-04 2020-03-13 新奥科技发展有限公司 Gasification reaction device
US20200190416A1 (en) * 2012-01-30 2020-06-18 Aries Gasification, Llc Universal feeder for gasification reactors
CN211570552U (en) * 2019-04-01 2020-09-25 北京化工大学 Three-section type intensified pyrolysis gasification system combining spouting and fluidization

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN200992538Y (en) * 2007-01-19 2007-12-19 合肥天焱绿色能源开发有限公司 Multi-jet distributed biomass fluidized bed gasifier
CN101387403A (en) * 2008-10-23 2009-03-18 北京博奇电力科技有限公司 Fluidized bed incinerator, circulating fluidized bed incinerator and incineration system
CN102329651A (en) * 2011-08-26 2012-01-25 北京大学深圳研究生院 Three-stage gasification device for producing synthesis gas through biomass pyrolysis and gasification
US20200190416A1 (en) * 2012-01-30 2020-06-18 Aries Gasification, Llc Universal feeder for gasification reactors
CN103275760A (en) * 2013-05-17 2013-09-04 中国天辰工程有限公司 Novel gasifier and industrial application thereof
KR101326670B1 (en) * 2013-06-07 2013-11-08 한국에너지기술연구원 Circulating fluidized bed plasma gasifier with microwave plasma torch
US20180066199A1 (en) * 2015-03-12 2018-03-08 Bicarbo Sp.Z.O.O. Method and system for the manufacture of methane as well as heat and electricity by hydrogasification of biomass
CN205011715U (en) * 2015-10-09 2016-02-03 廊坊德基机械科技有限公司 A anti -coking control system for air current bed coal gasifier
CN107286993A (en) * 2017-08-01 2017-10-24 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Variable cross-section circulating fluidized bed gasification device and gasification process
CN211570552U (en) * 2019-04-01 2020-09-25 北京化工大学 Three-section type intensified pyrolysis gasification system combining spouting and fluidization
CN210140561U (en) * 2019-04-04 2020-03-13 新奥科技发展有限公司 Gasification reaction device
CN110260302A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-09-20 西安交通大学 A kind of fluidized gasification flying dust uses system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115949951A (en) * 2023-01-28 2023-04-11 山东吉阳新能源科技股份有限公司 High-temperature cracking internal circulation garbage incinerator

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