CN112250384B - 一种高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112250384B
CN112250384B CN202011128848.4A CN202011128848A CN112250384B CN 112250384 B CN112250384 B CN 112250384B CN 202011128848 A CN202011128848 A CN 202011128848A CN 112250384 B CN112250384 B CN 112250384B
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王小军
虎晓东
胡国和
徐文全
李贤良
李建军
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Weinan Shaanxi Coal Qichen Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料及其制备方法,按照质量份数计,包括如下组分:硅酸盐水泥100份;偶氮类膨胀剂0.5~2份;膨胀助剂0.5~2份;促凝剂1~5份;其中,所述膨胀助剂为氧化钙、氧化锌、硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙中的一种或两种。所得封孔材料具有膨胀倍率高、凝固时间短的特点,充分保障了煤矿井下瓦斯抽采的效率。

Description

一种高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于封孔材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
煤矿瓦斯安全一直影响着我国煤矿的安全生产和煤矿工业的发展。因此,必须要对煤矿瓦斯灾害采取有效的防治技术。瓦斯抽采能够有效降低煤炭开采过程中的瓦斯涌出量、预防瓦斯爆炸,瓦斯能否高效抽采关键取决于封孔技术的好坏,因而研制一种性能优良的封孔材料就显得十分重要。
传统的封孔材料有无机封孔和有机封孔材料两类。有机封孔材料价格昂贵、反应温度高;无机封孔材料膨胀倍率低、凝固时间长,严重影响了煤矿的生产效率。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料及其制备方法,所得封孔材料具有膨胀倍率高、凝固时间短的特点,充分保障了煤矿井下瓦斯抽采的效率。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料,按照质量份数计,包括如下组分:
硅酸盐水泥100份;
偶氮类膨胀剂0.5~2份;
膨胀助剂0.5~2份;
促凝剂1~5份;
其中,所述膨胀助剂为氧化钙、氧化锌、硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙中的一种或两种。
优选的,所述偶氮类膨胀剂为偶氮二甲酰胺;
优选的,还包括1~5份的水性聚氨酯粉末。
进一步的,所述水性聚氨酯粉末由下述质量份数的原料制备而成:
甲苯二异氰酸酯 20~60份;
聚丙二醇2000 50~100份;
乙二胺基乙磺酸钠 2~5份;
三羟甲基丙烷5~10份;
二月硅酸二丁基锡0.01~0.1份。
优选的,所述水性聚氨酯粉末制备方法为:
1)将聚丙二醇2000、乙二胺基乙磺酸钠、三羟甲基丙烷按比例混合,加热至65~80℃,然后氮气保护下加入甲苯二异氰酸酯和二月硅酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应2~3小时,固化;
2)将固化后的物质进行粉碎,得到水性聚氨酯粉末。
优选的,所述促凝剂为碳酸钠、碳酸锂和偏铝酸钠中的一种或两种。
所述的高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将所有组分搅拌混合,得到无机矿用封孔材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明封孔材料中加入偶氮类膨胀剂,偶氮类膨胀剂溶解于碱性硅酸盐水泥浆液中,在水泥水化热和促膨胀剂的活化作用下发生分解,产生氮气,使封孔材料膨胀,提高了膨胀倍率;并且本发明还加入了膨胀助剂,膨胀助剂能活化偶氮类膨胀剂,降低其分解温度,提高其分解速率,进一步提高了膨胀倍率。相对于现有技术中无机材料利用反应使封孔材料体积发生变化,或外加轻金属产生氢气发泡而言,本发明利用膨胀剂分解产生氮气发泡,安全环保,且使封孔材料膨胀倍率更高,膨胀倍率可达1.5~2倍。同时,本发明封孔材料还具有固化时间短的特点,材料固化时间为10~20min,解决了传统无机封孔材料在使用中的缺陷。本发明高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料,是一种煤矿安全功能性材料,有利于煤矿井下的安全生产。
进一步的,偶氮二甲酰胺难溶于水,但可溶于碱。水泥的碱性可增加其在水中的溶解性,因此选择偶氮二甲酰胺。其他偶氮类发泡剂或为液体(与水泥无法混合储存),或不溶于水。
进一步的,本发明封孔材料中还加入水性聚氨酯粉末,水性聚氨酯粉末的引入一方面增加了水泥浆的黏稠性,确保封孔材料在固化过程中不因膨胀剂的快速分解发泡而开裂,另一方面由于水性聚氨酯粉末自身的强极性,提高了材料与煤岩层的粘结性,充分保障了煤矿井下瓦斯抽采的效率。
附图说明
图1为实施例1封孔材料(a)不膨胀与(b)膨胀固化后的对比图;
图2为实施例6封孔材料在不加水性聚氨酯时发生开裂图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
本发明所述的高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料,按照质量份数计,包括如下组分:
普通硅酸盐水泥 100份;
偶氮类膨胀剂0.5~2份;
膨胀助剂0.5~2份;
促凝剂1~5份。
还可以加入1~5份水性聚氨酯粉末,所述水性聚氨酯粉末由下述质量份数的原料制备而成:
甲苯二异氰酸酯 20~60份
聚丙二醇2000 50~100份
乙二胺基乙磺酸钠 2~5份
三羟甲基丙烷5~10份
二月硅酸二丁基锡0.01~0.1份。
本发明封孔材料中:所述偶氮类膨胀剂为工业级偶氮二甲酰胺;
所述膨胀助剂为氧化钙、氧化锌、硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙中的一种或两种;
所述促凝剂为碳酸钠、碳酸锂和偏铝酸钠中的一种或两种。
本发明还给出了粘结剂水性聚氨酯粉末制备方法,其制备方法如下:
1)将50~100份的聚丙二醇2000、2~5份的乙二胺基乙磺酸钠、5~10份的三羟甲基丙烷按比例混合,加热至65~80℃,然后氮气保护下加入20~60份的甲苯二异氰酸酯和0.01~0.1份的二月硅酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应2~3小时;
2)将固化后的物质进行粉碎,即得到水性聚氨酯粉末。
所述的高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料的制备方法,将所有组分搅拌混合,得到封孔材料。
使用时,将封孔材料与水搅拌混合,置于待封孔区。
实施例1
将100份的聚丙二醇2000、4份的乙二胺基乙磺酸钠、5份的三羟甲基丙烷按比例混合,加热至75℃,然后氮气保护下加入50份的甲苯二异氰酸酯和0.02份的二月硅酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应3小时。待反应固化后,将物质取出粉碎,即得到水性聚氨酯粉末。
然后,利用上述产物水性聚氨酯粉末制备封孔材料:
在料罐中加入100份的普通硅酸盐水泥、1份的偶氮类膨胀剂、1.5份的氧化锌、4份的碳酸锂和3份的水性聚氨酯粉末,搅拌混合30min,得到封孔材料。
实施例2
将60份的聚丙二醇2000、3份的乙二胺基乙磺酸钠、9份的三羟甲基丙烷按比例混合,加热至75℃,然后氮气保护下加入40份的甲苯二异氰酸酯和0.05份的二月硅酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应3小时。待反应固化后,将物质取出粉碎,即得到水性聚氨酯粉末。
然后,利用上述产物水性聚氨酯粉末制备封孔材料:
在料罐中加入100份的普通硅酸盐水泥、0.5份的偶氮类膨胀剂、0.5份的氧化钙、3份的偏铝酸钠和1份的水性聚氨酯粉末,搅拌混合30min,得到封孔材料。
实施例3
将80份的聚丙二醇2000、4份的乙二胺基乙磺酸钠、6份的三羟甲基丙烷按比例混合,加热至75℃,然后氮气保护下加入50份的甲苯二异氰酸酯和0.07份的二月硅酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应3小时。待反应固化后,将物质取出粉碎,即得到水性聚氨酯粉末。
然后,利用上述产物水性聚氨酯粉末制备封孔材料:
在料罐中加入100份的普通硅酸盐水泥、1份的偶氮类膨胀剂、1份的硬脂酸锌、5份的碳酸钠和3份的水性聚氨酯粉末,搅拌混合30min,得到封孔材料。
实施例4
将50份的聚丙二醇2000、2份的乙二胺基乙磺酸钠、7份的三羟甲基丙烷按比例混合,加热至65℃,然后氮气保护下加入20份的甲苯二异氰酸酯和0.01份的二月硅酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应2小时。待反应固化后,将物质取出粉碎,即得到水性聚氨酯粉末。
然后,利用上述产物水性聚氨酯粉末制备封孔材料:
在料罐中加入100份的普通硅酸盐水泥、2份的偶氮类膨胀剂、2份的硬脂酸锌、2份的碳酸钠和5份的水性聚氨酯粉末,搅拌混合30min,得到封孔材料。
实施例5
将75份的聚丙二醇2000、5份的乙二胺基乙磺酸钠、10份的三羟甲基丙烷按比例混合,加热至80℃,然后氮气保护下加入60份的甲苯二异氰酸酯和0.1份的二月硅酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应2.5小时。待反应固化后,将物质取出粉碎,即得到水性聚氨酯粉末。
然后,利用上述产物水性聚氨酯粉末制备封孔材料:
在料罐中加入100份的普通硅酸盐水泥、1.5份的偶氮类膨胀剂、1份的硬脂酸锌、1份的碳酸锂和4份的水性聚氨酯粉末,搅拌混合30min,得到封孔材料。
实施例6
在料罐中加入100份的普通硅酸盐水泥、1份的偶氮类膨胀剂、1.5份的氧化锌和4份的碳酸锂,搅拌混合30min,得到封孔材料。
上述的实施例中材料的性能指标如表1所列。
表1封孔材料的性能指标
Figure BDA0002733601190000061
材料的固化时间由促凝剂的选用和促凝剂的加入量决定,其中碳酸锂促凝效果在该体系中最好,故实施例1的固化时间最短;
材料膨胀倍率与体系中膨胀剂的用量、膨胀助剂种类和膨胀助剂加入量有关。实施例1中膨胀助剂较多而膨胀剂较少,膨胀剂可在短时间内大量分解,故膨胀倍率较高。
实施例1材料未加膨胀剂不膨胀和加入膨胀后的状态如图1所示。可以看出膨胀后无开裂现象。实施例6材料加水膨胀后的状态如图2所示,可以看出膨胀后出现开裂现象。说明水性聚氨酯粉末的引入能确保封孔材料在固化过程中不因膨胀剂的快速分解发泡而开裂。
材料的开裂性与膨胀倍率、固化时间、水泥浆液黏稠性都有关。膨胀倍率越高,材料越容易开裂,故需调节水性聚氨酯含量,增加泥浆液黏稠性,同时需对体系水灰比、固化时间等进行综合考虑。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方法对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施方式仅限于此,对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单的推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定专利保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料,其特征在于,按照质量份数计,包括如下组分:
Figure FDA0003481021190000011
其中,所述膨胀助剂为氧化钙、氧化锌、硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙中的一种或两种;
所述偶氮类膨胀剂为偶氮二甲酰胺;
还包括1~5份的水性聚氨酯粉末;
所述水性聚氨酯粉末由下述质量份数的原料制备而成:
Figure FDA0003481021190000012
2.根据权利要求1所述的高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料,其特征在于,所述水性聚氨酯粉末制备方法为:
1)将聚丙二醇2000、乙二胺基乙磺酸钠、三羟甲基丙烷按比例混合,加热至65~80℃,然后氮气保护下加入甲苯二异氰酸酯和二月硅酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应2~3小时,固化;
2)将固化后的物质进行粉碎,得到水性聚氨酯粉末。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料,其特征在于,所述促凝剂为碳酸钠、碳酸锂和偏铝酸钠中的一种或两种。
4.权利要求1-3任一项所述的高膨胀快凝无机矿用封孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将所有组分搅拌混合,得到封孔材料。
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