CN112242269A

CN112242269A - Electromagnetic switch

Info

Publication number: CN112242269A
Application number: CN202010904433.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王振铎; 王金宝
Original assignee: Erdos Tai Kun Electrical Appliance Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Erdos Tai Kun Electrical Appliance Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-01
Filing date: 2020-09-01
Publication date: 2021-01-19

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic switch which comprises a shell, a cover plate, a fixed electromagnet, a movable electromagnet and a locking coil, wherein a sleeve is vertically fixed in the middle of the shell, the fixed electromagnet is fixed at the inner bottom of the sleeve, the movable electromagnet is inserted and connected in a sliding mode above the inner part of the sleeve, and an iron core of the movable electromagnet and an iron core of the fixed electromagnet are arranged in an up-and-down corresponding mode. The advantages are that: 1. the polarity characteristic of the electromagnet is utilized to realize the quick suction or disconnection of the movable electromagnet, thereby improving the running reliability of the equipment; 2. by arranging special structures such as a second mandrel, a clamping plate, a third reset spring, a supporting block and the like, the phenomena of sparking and arc discharge are avoided in the closing process; in the breaking process, the arc discharge phenomenon is avoided during separation; 3. the arrangement of the locking coil, the first mandrel and the locking structure ensures the energy conservation of the electromagnetic switch and the reliability of the actuating mechanism.

Description

Electromagnetic switch

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic switches, in particular to an electromagnetic switch.

Background art:

the existing electromagnetic switch generally utilizes a coil to be electrified to close an upper iron core and a lower iron core, the resistance of a return spring is overcome when the iron core is closed, so that the closing speed of the iron core is reduced, and when the electromagnetic switch is used, a damping spring and a separating brake spring are in an energy storage state for a long time when a contactor is generally in a closed state for a long time. Such an electromagnetic switch has the following problems in use: 1. in order to keep the closing, the electromagnetic coil is always in a power-on state, so that the energy consumption is high, the service life of the electromagnetic coil is shortened, the temperature of the electromagnetic coil is always kept at a higher level, the aging speed of the electromagnetic coil is extremely high, the attraction force and the closing speed of the electromagnet are seriously influenced, and the burning-out condition of the electromagnet coil of the contactor is common; 2. after the contactor operates for a period of time, the performance of the spring is reduced, the coil is powered off when the contactor is released, the coil is automatically reset by the reset spring, the disconnection speed is greatly reduced, the contact arcing phenomenon is easily generated at the contact position, and therefore the service life of the upper contact and the lower contact is greatly reduced.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention aims to provide an electromagnetic switch with high reliability.

The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: an electromagnetic switch comprises a shell, a cover plate, a fixed electromagnet, a movable electromagnet and a locking coil, wherein a sleeve is vertically fixed in the middle of the shell, the fixed electromagnet is fixed at the inner bottom of the sleeve, the movable electromagnet is inserted in the sleeve above the fixed electromagnet in a sliding manner, and an iron core of the movable electromagnet and an iron core of the fixed electromagnet are arranged in a vertically corresponding manner; the top end of the iron core of the movable electromagnet extends to the upper part of the sleeve, a lock rod is vertically fixed at the top of the iron core of the movable electromagnet, cantilevers are fixed at two sides of the iron core of the movable electromagnet outside the sleeve, and a first reset spring is fixed between the cantilever and the sleeve; a movable contact is fixed below each cantilever, a fixed contact vertically corresponding to the movable contact is fixed in the shell outside the sleeve, and the movable contact is movably contacted with the corresponding fixed contact; the cover plate is fixed at the top of the shell, and an accommodating cavity is formed in the cover plate corresponding to the lock rod; the locking coil is fixed in the accommodating cavity, a first mandrel is inserted in the locking coil in a sliding mode, an armature is fixed at the top end of the first mandrel, and a second reset spring is sleeved outside the first mandrel between the armature and the locking coil; and a locking structure is arranged between the bottom end of the first mandrel and the locking rod.

Furthermore, each cantilever is provided with a through hole which is vertically arranged, a second mandrel is inserted into the through hole in a sliding mode up and down, a clamping plate is fixed at the top end of the second mandrel, and the movable contact is fixed at the bottom end of the second mandrel; and a third return spring is sleeved outside the second mandrel below the cantilever.

Furthermore, at least one supporting block is arranged on the side part of the top end of the through hole, the middle part of the supporting block is hinged with the cantilever, the supporting block vertically rotates around a hinged point, and the clamping plate is in sliding contact with the end part of the adjacent supporting block; a limiting rod fixed with the cantilever is arranged below one end of the supporting block adjacent to the through hole, and the bottom end of the supporting block is in movable contact with the limiting rod; a fourth reset spring is fixed between the bottom of the other end of the supporting block and the cantilever, and a mandril which is movably contacted with the top of the other end of the supporting block is fixed at the bottom of the cover plate.

Furthermore, the locking structure comprises a claw, a connecting rod and an extension spring, and the locking coil is arranged above the locking rod and is coaxial with the locking rod; the side part of the lock rod is vertically provided with at least one L-shaped clamping jaw, and the middle part of the clamping jaw is rotatably provided with a fixed shaft fixed with the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; the top end of the lock rod is provided with a clamping groove corresponding to the bottom end of the clamping jaw, and the bottom end of the clamping jaw is movably clamped inside the clamping groove; and a connecting rod for driving the clamping jaw to rotate is connected between the bottom end of the first mandrel and the top end of the clamping jaw.

Furthermore, the clamping device comprises two clamping jaws, an extension spring is connected between the top ends of the two clamping jaws, a positioning rod which corresponds to the clamping jaws is fixed on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity between the first mandrel and the locking rod, and the fixed shaft and the positioning rod are arranged in parallel; one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the bottom end of the first mandrel, a long hole is formed in the middle of the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is sleeved outside the positioning rod through the long hole; the other end of the connecting rod is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the adjacent clamping jaw.

Furthermore, the locking structure comprises a pin hole, the locking coil is arranged on one side of the locking rod and is vertically arranged relative to the locking rod, the locking rod is provided with the pin hole, and the bottom end of the first mandrel is movably inserted into the pin hole.

Further, the device also comprises a power supply, wherein one end of the power supply is electrically connected with one end of the locking coil through a switch K0, and the other end of the locking coil is electrically connected with the other end of the power supply through a lead; one end of the power supply is electrically connected with one end of the coil of the fixed electromagnet through a switch K1, and the other end of the coil of the fixed electromagnet is connected with the other end of the power supply through a lead; one end of the power supply is electrically connected with one end of the coil of the movable electromagnet through a switch K2, and the other end of the coil of the movable electromagnet is electrically connected with the other end of the power supply through a switch K3; one end of the power supply is electrically connected with the other end of the coil of the movable electromagnet through a switch K4, and one end of the coil of the movable electromagnet is electrically connected with the other end of the power supply through a switch K5.

Furthermore, a slotted hole corresponding to the first return spring is formed in the top end of the sleeve, and the bottom end of the first return spring is fixedly connected with the bottom of the slotted hole.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. by utilizing the polarity characteristic of the electromagnet, the movable electromagnet and the fixed electromagnet are connected with the same-direction or reverse-direction voltage, so that the movable electromagnet can be quickly attracted or disconnected, and the running reliability of equipment is improved;

2. by arranging the second mandrel, the clamping plate, the third reset spring, the support block and other special structures, the movable contact and the fixed contact are ensured to be quickly closed and the closing pressure of the contacts is gradually increased in the suction process, and the phenomena of ignition and arc discharge are avoided in the closing process; in the breaking process, the pressure added to the closing of the upper contact and the lower contact is not released, but is quickly disconnected with the stationary contact along with the movable electromagnet until the upper starting point position is returned, and the pressure of the third reset spring is released under the control of the ejector rod, so that the upper contact is reset, and the arc discharge phenomenon is avoided during the separation;

3. the arrangement of the locking coil, the first mandrel and the locking structure ensures the energy conservation of the electromagnetic switch and the reliability of the actuating mechanism, namely: 1) the locking structure is used to ensure the reliable operation of the mechanism in the working state, the consumed electric energy is very small, and the energy-saving type is true; 2) when the power failure occurs suddenly, the second reset spring can utilize the structural characteristics of the second reset spring to rapidly open the locking structure, so that the movable contact and the fixed contact are rapidly opened, and the safety is favorably ensured.

Description of the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the closed state of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 2.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion B of fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the closed state of fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of embodiment 3.

The locking device comprises a shell 1, a cover plate 2, an accommodating cavity 2.1, a fixed electromagnet 3, a movable electromagnet 4, a locking coil 5, a sleeve 6, a slot 6.1, a locking rod 7, a cantilever 8, a through hole 8.1, a first return spring 9, a movable contact 10, a stationary contact 11, a first mandrel 12, an armature 13, a second return spring 14, a locking structure 15, a clamping jaw 15.1, a connecting rod 15.2, a long hole 15.2.1, a tension spring 15.3, a fixed shaft 15.4, a clamping groove 15.5, a positioning rod 15.6, a pin hole 15.7, a second mandrel 16, a clamping plate 17, a third return spring 18, a supporting block 19, a limiting rod 20, a fourth return spring 21, a mandril 22 and a power supply 23.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, as the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. appear, their indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on those shown in the drawings only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" as appearing herein are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 3, an electromagnetic switch includes a housing 1, a cover plate 2, a fixed electromagnet 3, a movable electromagnet 4, and a locking coil 5, where the housing 1 includes a middle housing and a bottom plate fixed at the bottom thereof by bolts, so as to facilitate disassembly, assembly, and maintenance; a sleeve 6 is vertically fixed in the middle of the shell 1, a fixed electromagnet 3 is fixed at the inner bottom of the sleeve 6, a movable electromagnet 4 is inserted in the sleeve 6 above the fixed electromagnet 3 in a sliding manner, a sliding groove is formed in the inner wall of the sleeve 6, and a sliding block (the sliding groove and the sliding block are not shown in the figure) sliding along the sliding groove is fixed on the outer wall of a coil protective cover of the movable electromagnet 4, so that the movable electromagnet 4 can slide along the sleeve 6 directionally; the iron cores of the movable electromagnet 4 and the fixed electromagnet 3 are arranged in a vertically corresponding manner, when the coil of the movable electromagnet 4 and the coil of the fixed electromagnet 3 are energized with currents in the same direction, the adjacent magnetic poles of the iron cores of the two electromagnets are attracted in opposite directions, and the movable electromagnet 4 moves downwards under the action of attraction force; when opposite currents are introduced into the coil of the movable electromagnet 4 and the coil of the fixed electromagnet 3, the adjacent magnetic poles of the iron cores of the two electromagnets repel each other in the same polarity, and the movable electromagnet 4 moves upwards under the action of a reaction force;

the top end of the iron core of the movable electromagnet 4 extends to the upper part of the sleeve 6, a lock rod 7 is vertically fixed at the top of the iron core of the movable electromagnet 4, cantilevers 8 are fixed at two sides of the iron core of the movable electromagnet 4 outside the sleeve 6, a first reset spring 9 is fixed between the cantilever 8 and the sleeve 6, a slotted hole 6.1 corresponding to the first reset spring 9 is formed at the top end of the sleeve 6, and the bottom end of the first reset spring 9 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the slotted hole 6.1; a movable contact 10 is fixed below each cantilever 8, a fixed contact 11 which is up-down corresponding to the movable contact 10 is fixed in the shell 1 outside the sleeve 6, the movable contact 10 is movably contacted with the corresponding fixed contact 11, when the movable electromagnet 4 moves downwards to the iron core to be attached to the iron core of the fixed electromagnet 3, the movable contact 10 is contacted and conducted with the fixed contact 11, and the first reset spring 9 stores force; when the movable electromagnet 4 moves upwards, the first return spring 9 releases the auxiliary force to push the cantilever 8 upwards, and the separation of the movable contact 10 and the fixed contact 11 is accelerated;

a cover plate 2 is fixed at the top of the shell 1, an accommodating cavity 2.1 is arranged in the cover plate 2 corresponding to the lock rod 7, and the accommodating cavity 2.1 can accommodate the locking coil 5 and the lock rod 7; a locking coil 5 is fixed in the accommodating cavity 2.1, a first mandrel 12 is inserted in the locking coil 5 in a sliding manner, an armature 13 is fixed at the top end of the first mandrel 12, and a second return spring 14 is sleeved outside the first mandrel 12 between the armature 13 and the locking coil 5; a locking structure 15 is arranged between the bottom end of the first mandrel 12 and the locking rod 7, and the locking rod 7 is locked by the locking structure; the locking structure 15 comprises a pin hole 15.7, the locking coil 5 is arranged on one side of the locking rod 7, the locking coil 5 is vertically arranged relative to the locking rod 7, the locking rod 7 is provided with the pin hole 15.7, and the bottom end of the first mandrel 12 is movably inserted into the pin hole 15.7; after the movable electromagnet 4 moves downwards to the proper position, the pin hole 15.7 is just corresponding to the first mandrel 12; when the locking coil 5 is electrified, magnetic force is generated to adsorb the armature 13 downwards, the second reset spring 14 is compressed, and the first mandrel 12 is just inserted into the pin hole 15.7, so that the aim of locking the locking rod 7 is fulfilled;

the specific working process is as follows:

(1) in the non-working state, the distance between the movable contact 10 and the fixed contact 11 is smaller than the distance between the movable electromagnet 4 and the fixed electromagnet 3.

(2) When the closing is needed, firstly, the movable electromagnet 4 and the fixed electromagnet 3 are connected with the same-direction voltage, so that the upper end of the movable electromagnet 4 is an N pole, the lower end of the movable electromagnet is an S pole, the upper end of the fixed electromagnet 3 is an N pole, the lower end of the fixed electromagnet is an S pole, under the action of opposite pole attraction, the movable electromagnet 4 and the movable contact 10 rapidly move downwards, and the first reset spring 9 is compressed. At the moment, the locking coil 5 is electrified, the armature 13 moves rightwards, the second return spring 14 is compressed, the first mandrel 12 is inserted into the pin hole 15.7 and is locked, the locking coil 5 is electrified and kept by small current, and the closing process is completed.

(3) When the disconnection is needed, firstly, the locking coil 5 is powered off, the armature 13 pulls the first mandrel 12 to move leftwards under the action of the second reset spring 14, the armature is pulled out from the locking position of the locking rod 7 through the pin hole 15.7, the movable electromagnet 4 is switched to the upper reverse voltage, the fixed electromagnet 3 is powered on, the direction is unchanged, the upper end of the movable electromagnet 4 is S-pole, the lower end of the movable electromagnet is N-pole, the fixed electromagnet 3 still keeps the upper N-pole and the lower S-pole, and thus, the movable electromagnet 4 and the movable contact 10 rapidly move upwards under the action of the reset action of the first reset spring 9 according to the principle that like poles repel each other, and the disconnection process is completed.

When power is suddenly cut off, the locking coil 5 is de-energized, the armature 13 pulls the first mandrel 12 leftwards under the action of the second return spring 14 to move leftwards, the first mandrel is pulled out from the locking position of the locking rod 7 through the pin hole 15.7, and under the return action of the first return spring 9, the movable electromagnet 4 and the movable contact 10 rapidly move upwards to complete the disconnection process.

Example 2: the overall structure is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that, as shown in fig. 4 to 8, the locking structure 15 includes a claw 15.1, a link 15.2 and an extension spring 15.3, and the locking coil 5 is disposed above the locking lever 7 and is disposed coaxially with the locking lever 7; at least one L-shaped clamping jaw 15.1 is vertically arranged on the side part of the lock rod 7, a fixed shaft 15.4 fixed with the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 2.1 is rotatably arranged in the middle of the clamping jaw 15.1, a clamping groove 15.5 corresponding to the bottom end of the clamping jaw 15.1 is formed in the side wall of the top end of the lock rod 7, and the bottom end of the clamping jaw 15.1 is movably clamped in the clamping groove 15.5; the clamping device comprises two clamping jaws 15.1, wherein an extension spring 15.3 is connected between the top ends of the two clamping jaws 15.1; a positioning rod 15.6 arranged corresponding to the clamping jaw 15.1 is fixed on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 2.1 between the first mandrel 12 and the lock rod 7, and a fixed shaft 15.4 is arranged in parallel with the positioning rod 15.6;

a connecting rod 15.2 for driving the jaw 15.1 to rotate is connected between the bottom end of the first mandrel 12 and the top end of the jaw 15.1; two ends of the connecting rod 15.2 may be hinged to the top end of the claw 15.1 and the bottom end of the first mandrel 12 respectively (not shown in the figure), or as shown in this embodiment, one end of the connecting rod 15.2 is hinged to the bottom end of the first mandrel 12, a long hole 15.2.1 is arranged in the middle of the connecting rod 15.2, and the connecting rod 15.2 is sleeved outside the positioning rod 15.6 through the long hole 15.2.1; the other end of the connecting rod 15.2 is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the adjacent claw 15.1;

each cantilever 8 is provided with a through hole 8.1 which is vertically arranged, a second mandrel 16 is inserted in the through hole 8.1 in a sliding manner up and down, a clamping plate 17 is fixed at the top end of the second mandrel 16, and a movable contact 10 is fixed at the bottom end of the second mandrel 16; a third return spring 18 is sleeved outside the second mandrel 16 below the cantilever 8; at least one supporting block 19 is arranged on the side part of the top end of the through hole 8.1, and the embodiment totally comprises two supporting blocks 19 which are symmetrically arranged around the through hole 8.1; the middle part of the supporting block 19 is hinged with the cantilever 8, the supporting block 19 vertically rotates around the hinged point, and the clamping plate 17 is in sliding contact with the end part of the adjacent supporting block 19; a limiting rod 20 fixed with the cantilever 8 is arranged below one end of the supporting block 19 adjacent to the through hole 8.1, and the bottom end of the supporting block 19 is movably contacted with the limiting rod 20; a fourth return spring 21 is fixed between the bottom of the other end of the supporting block 19 and the cantilever 8, and the fourth return spring 21 is a torsion spring; a top rod 22 which is movably contacted with the top of the other end of the supporting block 19 is fixed at the bottom of the cover plate 2; specifically, a counter bore is formed in the top of the through hole 8.1, the support block 19 is hinged inside the counter bore through a pivot, and the limiting rod 20 and the fourth return spring 21 are fixed in the counter bore.

The specific working process is as follows:

(2) When the closing is needed, firstly, the movable electromagnet 4 and the fixed electromagnet 3 are connected with the same-direction voltage, so that the upper end of the movable electromagnet 4 is an N pole, the lower end of the movable electromagnet is an S pole, the upper end of the fixed electromagnet 3 is an N pole, the lower end of the fixed electromagnet is an S pole, under the action of opposite pole attraction, the movable electromagnet 4 and the movable electromagnet 4, the support block 19, the limiting rod 20, the second mandrel 16, the third reset spring 18 and the movable contact 10 rapidly move downwards, and the first reset spring 9 is compressed. During the high-speed downward movement, the movable contact 10 and the fixed contact 11 are firstly closed, during the continuous downward movement, the third return spring 18 is compressed, the movable contact 10 and the fixed contact 11 increase the closing pressure (so as to avoid the contact ablation phenomenon caused by insufficient contact pressure), the second mandrel 16 pushes one end of the support block 19 to rotate upwards, the third return spring 18 is compressed, when the continuous downward movement and the completion of the closing are carried out, the clamping plate 17 at the top end of the second mandrel 16 is separated from the support block 19, one end of the support block 19 rotates downwards under the action of the fourth return spring 21 and stops under the action of the limiting rod 20; at the moment, the locking coil 5 is electrified, the armature 13 moves downwards, the second return spring 14 is compressed, the first mandrel 12 pushes the connecting rod 15.2 to rotate around the positioning rod 15.6, the clamping jaw 15.1 is pushed to rotate simultaneously in the rotating process of the connecting rod 15.2, the end part of the clamping jaw 15.1 is clamped into the locking position in the clamping groove 15.5 of the locking rod, the two connecting rods 15.2 enter a dead point position in a straight line, the locking coil 5 is electrified and kept in a low current state, and the closing process is completed.

(3) When the electromagnetic switch needs to be disconnected, firstly, the locking coil 5 is powered off, the armature 13 pulls the first mandrel 12 upwards under the action of the second return spring 14 to move upwards, dead points of the two connecting rods 15.2 are broken, the connecting rod 15.2 moves upwards and rotates, the claw 15.1 rotates under the action of the extension spring 15.3 and leaves the locking position of the locking rod 7, the movable electromagnet 4 is switched to the upper reverse voltage, the fixed electromagnet 3 is electrified and does not change in direction, so that the movable electromagnet 4 obtains an S pole at the upper end and an N pole at the lower end, the fixed electromagnet 3 still keeps the N pole at the upper end and the S pole at the lower end, the movable electromagnet 4, the supporting block 19, the limiting rod 20, the second mandrel 16, the third return spring 18 and the movable contact 10 rapidly move upwards according to the principle that like poles repel each other and the return action of the first return spring 9, and the clamping plate 17 is dragged by the supporting block 19 in the high-speed upwards moving process, the third reset spring 18 cannot be released (in order to quickly separate the movable contact 10 from the stationary contact 11 and avoid the arcing phenomenon during separation), in the process of continuing to move upwards, the ejector rod 22 touches the other end of the support block 19 to rotate downwards, the clamping plate 17 is separated from the support block 19, the second mandrel 16 moves downwards under the action of the third reset spring 18 to reset, and the disconnection process is completed.

(4) When power is suddenly cut off, the locking coil 5 loses power, the armature 13 pulls the first mandrel 12 upwards under the action of the second return spring 14 to break dead points of the two connecting rods 15.2, so that the connecting rods 15.2 move upwards and rotate, the claws 15.1 rotate under the action of the extension springs 15.3 and leave the locking position of the locking rod 7, under the return action of the first return spring 9, the movable electromagnet 4, the support block 19, the limiting rod 20, the second mandrel 16, the third return spring 18 and the movable contact 10 rapidly move upwards, the clamping plate 17 is dragged by the support block 19 in the high-speed upwards moving process, the third return spring 18 cannot be released (in order to rapidly separate the movable contact 10 from the fixed contact 11 and avoid the arc-drawing phenomenon in the separation process), in the continuous upwards moving process, the ejector rod 22 triggers the other end of the support block 19 to rotate downwards, the clamping plate 17 is separated from the support block 19, the second mandrel 16 moves downwards under the action of the third return spring 18 to return, the disconnection process is completed.

Example 3: the whole structure is the same as that of embodiment 2, except that, as shown in fig. 9, it further includes a power supply 23, one end of the power supply 23 is electrically connected with one end of the locking coil 5 through a switch K0, and the other end of the locking coil 5 is electrically connected with the other end of the power supply 23 through a wire; one end of the power supply 23 is electrically connected with one end of the coil of the fixed electromagnet 3 through a switch K1, and the other end of the coil of the fixed electromagnet 3 is connected with the other end of the power supply 23 through a lead; one end of the power supply 23 is electrically connected to one end of the coil of the movable electromagnet 4 through a switch K2, and the other end of the coil of the movable electromagnet 4 is electrically connected to the other end of the power supply 23 through a switch K3; one end of the power supply 23 is electrically connected to the other end of the coil of the movable electromagnet through a switch K4, and one end of the coil of the movable electromagnet is electrically connected to the other end of the power supply 23 through a switch K5.

In this embodiment, one end of the power supply is a positive electrode, and the other end is a negative electrode; the specific closing and opening overruns are as follows:

(1) and (3) closing process: the switch K1, the switch K2 and the switch K3 are closed, the fixed electromagnet 3 and the movable electromagnet 4 obtain the same-direction voltage, the upper end of the iron core of the fixed electromagnet 3 is an N pole, the lower end of the iron core of the movable electromagnet 4 is an S pole, the upper end of the iron core of the fixed electromagnet 4 is an N pole, and the lower end of the iron core of the movable electromagnet 4 is an S pole, so that the upper end of the fixed electromagnet 3 and the lower end of the movable electromagnet 4 are opposite in polarity and mutually attracted, the movable electromagnet 4 moves downwards, and the fixed electromagnet 3 and the movable electromagnet 4 are closed to reach; the switch K0 is closed, the locking coil 5 is electrified to complete the locking of the locking structure 15, the switch K1, the switch K2 and the switch K3 are disconnected, the fixed electromagnet 3 and the movable electromagnet 4 are powered off, the switch K0 keeps the small current closed, and the attraction process is completed.

(2) A disconnection process: the switch K0 is disconnected, the locking coil 5 is powered off, the locking structure 15 is opened, the switch K1, the switch K5 and the switch K4 are closed, the coil of the fixed electromagnet 3 and the coil of the movable electromagnet 4 obtain opposite voltages, the upper end of the fixed electromagnet 3 is an N pole, the lower end of the fixed electromagnet 3 is an S pole, the upper end of the movable electromagnet 4 is an S pole, the lower end of the movable electromagnet 4 is an N pole, the upper end of the fixed electromagnet 3 and the lower end of the movable electromagnet 4 are the same in polarity and mutually exclusive, the movable electromagnet 4 moves upwards, the fixed electromagnet 3 and the movable electromagnet 4 are separated to reach the upper starting point, the switch K1, the switch K5 and the switch K4 are disconnected, the fixed electromagnet 3 and the movable electromagnet 4 are powered off, and the disconnection process.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic switch is characterized by comprising a shell, a cover plate, a fixed electromagnet, a movable electromagnet and a locking coil, wherein a sleeve is vertically fixed in the middle of the shell, the fixed electromagnet is fixed at the inner bottom of the sleeve, the movable electromagnet is inserted in the sleeve above the fixed electromagnet in a sliding manner, and an iron core of the movable electromagnet and an iron core of the fixed electromagnet are arranged in a vertically corresponding manner; the top end of the iron core of the movable electromagnet extends to the upper part of the sleeve, a lock rod is vertically fixed at the top of the iron core of the movable electromagnet, cantilevers are fixed at two sides of the iron core of the movable electromagnet outside the sleeve, and a first reset spring is fixed between the cantilever and the sleeve; a movable contact is fixed below each cantilever, a fixed contact vertically corresponding to the movable contact is fixed in the shell outside the sleeve, and the movable contact is movably contacted with the corresponding fixed contact; the cover plate is fixed at the top of the shell, and an accommodating cavity is formed in the cover plate corresponding to the lock rod; the locking coil is fixed in the accommodating cavity, a first mandrel is inserted in the locking coil in a sliding mode, an armature is fixed at the top end of the first mandrel, and a second reset spring is sleeved outside the first mandrel between the armature and the locking coil; and a locking structure is arranged between the bottom end of the first mandrel and the locking rod.

2. The electromagnetic switch according to claim 1, wherein each of the cantilevers is provided with a through hole arranged vertically, a second mandrel is inserted into the through hole in a sliding manner, a clamping plate is fixed at the top end of the second mandrel, and the moving contact is fixed at the bottom end of the second mandrel; and a third return spring is sleeved outside the second mandrel below the cantilever.

3. An electromagnetic switch according to claim 2, wherein at least one supporting block is provided at a top end side portion of the through hole, a middle portion of the supporting block is hinged to the cantilever, the supporting block vertically rotates around the hinge point, and the clamping plate is in sliding contact with an end portion of the adjacent supporting block; a limiting rod fixed with the cantilever is arranged below one end of the supporting block adjacent to the through hole, and the bottom end of the supporting block is in movable contact with the limiting rod; a fourth reset spring is fixed between the bottom of the other end of the supporting block and the cantilever, and a mandril which is movably contacted with the top of the other end of the supporting block is fixed at the bottom of the cover plate.

4. The electromagnetic switch according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the locking structure comprises a claw, a link and an extension spring, and the locking coil is disposed above the locking bar and is disposed coaxially with the locking bar; the side part of the lock rod is vertically provided with at least one L-shaped clamping jaw, and the middle part of the clamping jaw is rotatably provided with a fixed shaft fixed with the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; the top end of the lock rod is provided with a clamping groove corresponding to the bottom end of the clamping jaw, and the bottom end of the clamping jaw is movably clamped inside the clamping groove; and a connecting rod for driving the clamping jaw to rotate is connected between the bottom end of the first mandrel and the top end of the clamping jaw.

5. The electromagnetic switch according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises two said jaws, a tension spring is connected between the top ends of said two jaws, a positioning rod corresponding to said jaw is fixed on the inner wall of said containing cavity between said first mandrel and said locking rod, and said fixed shaft is parallel to said positioning rod; one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the bottom end of the first mandrel, a long hole is formed in the middle of the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is sleeved outside the positioning rod through the long hole; the other end of the connecting rod is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the adjacent clamping jaw.

6. The electromagnetic switch according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the locking structure includes a pin hole, the locking coil is disposed on one side of the locking rod, the locking coil is disposed vertically with respect to the locking rod, the locking rod is provided with a pin hole, and the bottom end of the first core shaft is movably inserted into the pin hole.

7. An electromagnetic switch according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that it further comprises a power supply, one end of the power supply is electrically connected with one end of the locking coil through a switch K0, and the other end of the locking coil is electrically connected with the other end of the power supply through a wire; one end of the power supply is electrically connected with one end of the coil of the fixed electromagnet through a switch K1, and the other end of the coil of the fixed electromagnet is connected with the other end of the power supply through a lead; one end of the power supply is electrically connected with one end of the coil of the movable electromagnet through a switch K2, and the other end of the coil of the movable electromagnet is electrically connected with the other end of the power supply through a switch K3; one end of the power supply is electrically connected with the other end of the coil of the movable electromagnet through a switch K4, and one end of the coil of the movable electromagnet is electrically connected with the other end of the power supply through a switch K5.

8. The electromagnetic switch according to claim 6, further comprising a power supply, wherein one end of the power supply is electrically connected to one end of the locking coil through a switch K0, and the other end of the locking coil is electrically connected to the other end of the power supply through a wire; one end of the power supply is electrically connected with one end of the coil of the fixed electromagnet through a switch K1, and the other end of the coil of the fixed electromagnet is connected with the other end of the power supply through a lead; one end of the power supply is electrically connected with one end of the coil of the movable electromagnet through a switch K2, and the other end of the coil of the movable electromagnet is electrically connected with the other end of the power supply through a switch K3; one end of the power supply is electrically connected with the other end of the coil of the movable electromagnet through a switch K4, and one end of the coil of the movable electromagnet is electrically connected with the other end of the power supply through a switch K5.

9. The electromagnetic switch according to claim 1, 2, 3, 5 or 8, wherein a slot corresponding to the first return spring is formed at the top end of the sleeve, and the bottom end of the first return spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slot.

10. The electromagnetic switch according to claim 6, wherein a slot corresponding to the first return spring is formed at the top end of the sleeve, and the bottom end of the first return spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slot.