CN112239282A - Device and process for treating mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by series parallel graded adsorption and reverse osmosis - Google Patents

Device and process for treating mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by series parallel graded adsorption and reverse osmosis Download PDF

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CN112239282A
CN112239282A CN202011325425.1A CN202011325425A CN112239282A CN 112239282 A CN112239282 A CN 112239282A CN 202011325425 A CN202011325425 A CN 202011325425A CN 112239282 A CN112239282 A CN 112239282A
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activated carbon
reverse osmosis
water inlet
valve
water
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黄李金鸿
包亚晴
李文豪
黄彪林
黄万抚
李新冬
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Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations

Abstract

A device and a process for treating mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by series parallel fractional adsorption and reverse osmosis comprise a fractional adsorption system, a wastewater adjusting system and a reverse osmosis system; the graded adsorption system comprises a main water inlet pipe (10) and one-to-four stages of activated carbon adsorption cylinders which are sequentially connected in series; the wastewater adjusting system comprises an adjusting tank (5) and a cartridge filter (6), and the reverse osmosis system comprises a reverse osmosis membrane assembly (7), a filtered water collecting tank (8), a backwashing device and a treated water discharge pipe (81); the device realizes the cyclic treatment of the ionic rare earth mine wastewater with large ammonia nitrogen concentration span by utilizing the adsorption effect of the four-stage camellia oleifera shell activated carbon and the separation effect of the reverse osmosis system, is easy to disassemble and carry, has no wastewater discharge when the operation of each system is mutually switched, is more suitable for mines, namely places with remote geography and inconvenient transportation, reduces the infrastructure cost, and can realize the cyclic utilization of solid wastes by taking the biological camellia oleifera shell activated carbon adsorbing ammonia nitrogen as a soil fertility intensifier.

Description

Device and process for treating mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by series parallel graded adsorption and reverse osmosis
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a device and a process for treating mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by series-parallel graded adsorption and reverse osmosis for treating ion type rare earth mine wastewater with large ammonia nitrogen concentration span.
Background
The ion type rare earth mine in southern China adopts an ammonium sulfate in-situ leaching-ammonium bicarbonate precipitation recovery process to obtain rare earth carbonate, specifically, ammonium sulfate leaching liquid is injected into injection wells distributed on the surface of a mountain, rare earth ions in ores are dissolved into leaching mother liquor through ion exchange, then the mother liquor is collected at the bottom of the mountain, then precipitation treatment is carried out, the rare earth carbonate is obtained through filtration, and then the rare earth carbonate is delivered to a smelting plant for separation and extraction. The recovery process can lead the low-concentration rare earth ions and the wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen to leak for a long time after the rare earth mine is mined, and the ammonia nitrogen wastewater has large concentration span, low COD content and poor biodegradability, is not suitable for the growth of microorganisms and contains a small amount of metal ions such as Mg, Al, Fe and the like. Even if the ammonia nitrogen concentration is diluted by underground water and surface water flowing through a mine system, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is also 40-100 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen requirement specified in the rare earth wastewater discharge standard of mines (GB 26451-2011) is less than 15mg/L, and the mine is generally in a remote mountain system, so that the wastewater treatment cost is increased by transportation and infrastructure construction.
The traditional ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment method comprises a biological method, an adsorption method, a membrane separation method, a chemical precipitation method, an air stripping method and the like. The biological method mainly utilizes the action of nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria to finally convert ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater into ammonia gas for removal, and the denitrification process is mature, but the bacterial culture and reaction period is long, and the bacterial activity has strict requirements on the environment. The adsorption method can only treat the ammonia nitrogen wastewater with lower concentration, but cannot treat the ammonia nitrogen wastewater with large concentration span. The chemical precipitation method is mainly characterized in that the required chemical agent amount is large, the influence of the PH of the wastewater is large, the air stripping method is simple and easy to control, the power consumption is large, the cost is high, and secondary pollution can be caused, the membrane separation method is mainly a membrane combination process, wherein the reverse osmosis process has a good concentration and separation effect on small molecular substances and monovalent ions, and the emission standard cannot be reached after the ion type rare earth mine wastewater with large ammonia nitrogen concentration span is treated.
The camellia oleifera is an important crop in south China and is a main oil resource. With the wide planting of the camellia oleifera, a byproduct camellia oleifera shells is also generated in a large quantity, the camellia oleifera shells are mainly used as fuel or directly discarded at present, but the camellia oleifera shells contain rich lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, have good adsorption capacity, and the capacity is not effectively utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ionic rare earth mine wastewater treatment device which is simple to operate, easy to disassemble and carry, more suitable for being used in places such as mines and the like which are remote in geography and inconvenient in transportation and has large ammonia nitrogen concentration span, and a treatment process of the device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the device for treating the mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by the series parallel graded adsorption reverse osmosis comprises a graded adsorption system, a wastewater adjusting system, a reverse osmosis system and a control system;
the graded adsorption system comprises a main water inlet pipe, and a first-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder, a second-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder, a third-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder and a fourth-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the top and the bottom of the activated carbon adsorption cylinder are respectively provided with a water inlet branch pipe and a water outlet branch pipe;
the wastewater adjusting system comprises an adjusting tank and a security filter, wherein a water inlet of the adjusting tank is connected with a water outlet branch pipe of the four-stage active carbon adsorption column through a liquid conveying pipe, a water outlet of the adjusting tank is connected with a water inlet at the top of the reverse osmosis membrane component through a filtrate water inlet pipe, and the security filter is arranged on the filtrate water inlet pipe;
the reverse osmosis system comprises a reverse osmosis membrane component, a filtered water collecting pool, a backwashing device and a treated water discharge pipe, wastewater passing through a water outlet at the bottom of the reverse osmosis membrane component is conveyed to the filtered water collecting pool through a reverse osmosis liquid water inlet pipe and is precipitated and then discharged from the treated water discharge pipe, and the backwashing device comprises a backwashing pipe water inlet pipe which is connected with the bottom of the reverse osmosis membrane component and the treated water discharge pipe;
the main water inlet pipe is provided with a water inlet lift pump and a water inlet pressure gauge, the top and the bottom of each active carbon adsorption column body are respectively provided with an electromagnetic feed valve and an electromagnetic discharge valve, the water inlet branch pipe and the water outlet branch pipe are respectively provided with a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve, the regulating tank is internally provided with a liquid level meter, the series water inlet pipe is provided with a water outlet flow meter, the security filter) water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively provided with a pre-filtration pressure gauge and a post-filtration pressure gauge, the filtrate water inlet pipe is provided with a lift pump, a pre-filtration flow meter and a reverse osmosis water inlet valve, the reverse osmosis water inlet pipe is provided with a post-filtration flow meter and a reverse osmosis water outlet valve, and the reverse flushing pipe water inlet pipe is provided with; the main lift pump, the water inlet pressure gauge, the electromagnetic feed valve, the electromagnetic discharge valve, the water inlet valve, the water outlet valve, the liquid level meter, the water outlet flow meter, the pre-filtration pressure gauge, the post-filtration pressure gauge, the lift pump, the pre-filtration flow meter, the reverse osmosis water inlet valve, the post-filtration flow meter, the reverse osmosis water outlet valve, the reverse osmosis pump and the reverse osmosis valve are all connected with the control system;
the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption column is oil-tea camellia shell activated carbon.
Further, the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon is prepared by drying, crushing, cracking and activating camellia oleifera shell waste.
Further, the specific surface area of the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon is 1200-1300m2/g。
Further, when the device normally operates, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cartridge filter is less than 0.05 MPa.
Furthermore, a concentrated solution discharge pipe is arranged between a water outlet and a main water inlet pipe of the reverse osmosis membrane module, so that the cyclic treatment of the ammonia nitrogen wastewater is realized.
The treatment process of the device for treating mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by series parallel graded adsorption and reverse osmosis comprises an ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment process, an active carbon material changing process and a back flushing process, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
the ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment process comprises the following steps: after the ammonia nitrogen wastewater of the mine is pretreated, firstly, the wastewater is subjected to primary adsorption by the oil-tea camellia shell activated carbon conveyed into a primary activated carbon adsorption cylinder by a main water inlet pipe through a lift pump and a water branch pipe, then enters a secondary activated carbon adsorption cylinder for secondary adsorption by a water outlet branch pipe and a serial water inlet pipe, then enters a tertiary activated carbon adsorption cylinder for tertiary adsorption by the water outlet branch pipe and the serial water inlet pipe, finally enters a quaternary activated carbon adsorption cylinder for quaternary adsorption by the water outlet branch pipe and the serial water inlet pipe, after the adsorption is finished, enters an adjusting tank for precipitation by the quaternary activated carbon adsorption cylinder water outlet branch pipe and a liquid conveying pipe, the liquid after the wastewater of the lift pump enters a reverse osmosis membrane component for reverse osmosis treatment by an adjusting tank through a security filter is conveyed to a filtered water collecting tank by a treated water discharge pipe, and the concentrated solution returns to the main water inlet pipe through a concentrated solution discharge, repeating the treatment in this cycle;
the active carbon refueling process comprises the following steps: when the activated carbon adsorption of the camellia oleifera shell in a certain stage of activated carbon adsorption column body is saturated and needs to be replaced, closing a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve of the activated carbon adsorption column body, opening a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve of the next stage of activated carbon adsorption column body, then opening an electromagnetic discharge valve at the bottom of the activated carbon adsorption column body, so that the activated carbon of the camellia oleifera shell falls off under the action of gravity, closing the electromagnetic discharge valve at the bottom of the activated carbon adsorption column body, simultaneously opening an electromagnetic feed valve, closing the electromagnetic feed valve after adding sufficient amount of the activated carbon of the camellia oleifera shell, reopening the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve, closing the water inlet valve of the next stage of activated carbon adsorption column body, and enabling the wastewater to enter the graded adsorption system step;
the back washing process comprises the following steps: when the transmembrane pressure difference at the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the reverse osmosis membrane component reaches a set value (the set value is the set transmembrane pressure difference which reflects the membrane pollution degree, different transmembrane pressure difference values can be correspondingly set according to different membranes and different water inlet qualities, when the set value of the transmembrane pressure difference is reached, the membrane pollution reaches a certain degree and back washing is required), the water level in the regulating tank is adjusted below the display of the liquid level meter in advance, the water inlet valve of the reverse osmosis system is closed, the back washing valve is opened, permeate in the filtered water collecting tank enters the reverse osmosis membrane component through the back washing water inlet pipe for back washing by the back washing pump, the back washing valve is closed after the back washing is completed, and the reverse osmosis water inlet valve system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in southern China with more rare earth mines, oil tea is a main oil refining raw material, and oil tea byproduct oil tea shells contain abundant lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.
According to the invention, by combining the adsorption of the oil-tea camellia activated carbon with the reverse osmosis treatment process, the oil-tea camellia activated carbon can also adsorb high-valence ions and biological oil-tea camellia shell activated carbon capable of adsorbing ammonia nitrogen can be used as a soil fertility intensifier; and the reverse osmosis device is reused to realize the comprehensive treatment of the ammonia nitrogen wastewater, the liquid subjected to reverse osmosis directly reaches the standard and is discharged, the concentrated solution is returned to the graded adsorption system for cyclic treatment until the liquid reaches the standard and is discharged, and the reverse osmosis membrane can be recycled through a back-flushing system without wastewater discharge.
According to the invention, the regulating tank is additionally arranged between the activated carbon column adsorption system and the reverse osmosis system, so that the same device can realize the respective operation of the ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment process, the activated carbon material changing process and the backwashing process, the operation is easy, the whole process is stable, and no wastewater is discharged.
The device is easy to disassemble and carry, convenient to transport and install in mine sites with remote geography and inconvenient transportation, and can reduce the capital construction cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the process structure of the present invention;
in the figure: 10-total water inlet pipe; 02-a water inlet lift pump; 03-a water inlet pressure gauge; 1-1, an activated carbon adsorption column; 11-water inlet branch pipe; 12-a water outlet branch pipe; 20-series water inlet pipe; 13-a water inlet valve; 14-outlet valve; 15-an electromagnetic discharge valve; 16-an electromagnetic feed valve; 30-a transfusion tube; 17-a water outlet flow meter; 1-2, an activated carbon adsorption column; 1-3, an activated carbon adsorption column; 1-4, an activated carbon adsorption column; 5-a regulating tank; 51-a liquid level meter; 50-reverse osmosis liquid inlet pipe; 6. a cartridge filter; 40-a filtrate inlet pipe; 61-pre-filter pressure gauge; 62-a pressure gauge after filtration; 63-a lift pump; 7-a reverse osmosis membrane module; 60-backwash pipe inlet pipe; 71-a pre-filtration flow meter; 72 reverse osmosis water inlet valves; 73-concentrated solution discharge pipe; 74-reverse osmosis water outlet valve; 75-post-filtration flow meter; 8-a post-filtration water collection tank; 81-treated water discharge pipe; 82-a backwash valve; 83-backwash pump; 60-backwashing the water inlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The device for treating the mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by the series parallel graded adsorption reverse osmosis comprises a graded adsorption system, a wastewater adjusting system, a reverse osmosis system and a control system;
the graded adsorption system comprises a main water inlet pipe 10, and a first-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder 1-1, a second-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder 1-2, a third-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder 1-3 and a fourth-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder 1-4 which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the top and the bottom of the activated carbon adsorption cylinder are respectively provided with a water inlet branch pipe 11 and a water outlet branch pipe 12, the water inlet branch pipes 11 are respectively connected with the main water inlet pipe 10, and the water outlet branch pipe 12 of the previous-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder is connected with the water inlet branch pipe 11 of the next-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder through a series water inlet pipe 20; the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon in the series-connected four-stage activated carbon adsorption columns adsorbs ammonia nitrogen, heavy metal ions, micromolecular organic matters and the like in the raw mine wastewater, the workload of reverse osmosis treatment is reduced, and the biological camellia oleifera shell activated carbon adsorbing ammonia nitrogen can be used as a soil fertility intensifier, so that the resource utilization of wastes is realized, and the utilization value of the camellia oleifera shell is improved.
The wastewater adjusting system comprises an adjusting tank 5 and a security filter 6, the water inlet of the adjusting tank 5 is connected with the water outlet branch pipes of the four-stage active carbon adsorption cylinders 1-4 through a liquid conveying pipe 30, the water outlet of the adjusting tank is connected with the water inlet at the top of the reverse osmosis membrane component 7 through a filtrate water inlet pipe 40, the adjusting tank can enable the same device to realize the respective operation of an ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment process, an active carbon material changing process and a back washing process, the operation is easy, the whole process is stable, no wastewater is discharged, the filtering liquid pipeline is provided with a security filter 6 which is arranged in front of the reverse osmosis device and is used for filtering fine substances such as fine sand grains, floating objects in water and the like in the ammonia nitrogen wastewater after being adsorbed by the active carbon, ensuring the filtering precision of the water, meanwhile, the reverse osmosis membrane filter element is protected from being damaged by large granular substances, and when the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the security filter exceeds 0.05MPa, the filter element in the reverse osmosis membrane needs to be replaced;
the reverse osmosis system comprises a reverse osmosis membrane component 7, a filtered water collecting pool 8, a backwashing device and a treated water discharge pipe 81, wastewater passing through a water outlet at the bottom of the reverse osmosis membrane component 7 is conveyed to the filtered water collecting pool 8 through a reverse osmosis liquid water inlet pipe 50 and is precipitated and then is discharged from the treated water discharge pipe 81, and the backwashing device comprises a backwashing pipe water inlet pipe 60 which is connected with the bottom of the reverse osmosis membrane component 7 and the treated water discharge pipe 81; the reverse osmosis membrane can be recycled through a back flushing system, and no wastewater is discharged in the whole process.
A water inlet lifting pump 02 and a water inlet pressure gauge 03 are arranged on the main water inlet pipe 10, an electromagnetic feed valve 16 and an electromagnetic discharge valve 15 are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of each active carbon adsorption cylinder, and a water inlet branch pipe 11 and a water outlet branch pipe 12 are respectively arrangedA water inlet valve 13 and a water outlet valve 14 are arranged, a liquid level meter 51 is arranged in the regulating tank 5, a water outlet flow meter 17 is arranged on the serial water inlet pipe 20, a pre-filtration pressure gauge 61 and a post-filtration pressure gauge 62 are respectively arranged on the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the security filter 6, a lift pump 63, a pre-filtration flow meter 71 and a reverse osmosis water inlet valve 72 are arranged on the filtrate water inlet pipe 40, a post-filtration flow meter 75 and a reverse osmosis water outlet valve 74 are arranged on the reverse osmosis liquid water inlet pipe 50, and a reverse washing pump 83 and a reverse washing valve 82 are arranged on the reverse washing pipe water inlet pipe 60; the total lift pump 02, the water inlet pressure gauge 03, the electromagnetic feed valve 16, the electromagnetic discharge valve 15, the water inlet valve 13, the water outlet valve 14, the liquid level meter 51, the water outlet flow meter 17, the pre-filtration pressure gauge 61, the post-filtration pressure gauge 62, the lift pump 63, the pre-filtration flow meter 71, the reverse osmosis water inlet valve 72, the post-filtration flow meter 75, the reverse osmosis water outlet valve 74, the reverse osmosis pump 83 and the reverse osmosis valve 82 are all connected with the control system, and the process is simple and easy to operate. The activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption column is camellia oleifera shell activated carbon, the camellia oleifera shell which is a byproduct of camellia oleifera is prepared by drying, crushing, cracking and activating the existing activated carbon preparation process, the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon adsorbs ammonia nitrogen, heavy metal ions, micromolecular organic matters and the like in the raw mine wastewater, the workload of reverse osmosis treatment is reduced, the resource utilization of wastes is realized, the utilization value of the camellia oleifera shell is improved, and when the surface area of the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon is 1200-1300m2The adsorption effect is good at/g.
And a concentrated solution discharge pipe 73 is arranged between the water outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane component 7 and the main water inlet pipe 10, so that the cyclic treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater is realized, and no wastewater is discharged in the whole process.
The treatment process of the device for treating mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by series parallel graded adsorption and reverse osmosis comprises an ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment process, an active carbon material changing process and a back flushing process, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
the ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment process comprises the following steps: after preliminary pretreatment of mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by a grid, a grit chamber and the like, firstly, the wastewater is subjected to primary adsorption by tea-oil tree shell activated carbon conveyed to a primary activated carbon adsorption cylinder 1-1 by a main water inlet pipe 10 through a lift pump 02 and a water branch pipe 11, then enters a secondary activated carbon adsorption cylinder 1-2 through a primary activated carbon adsorption cylinder water outlet branch pipe 12 and a series water inlet pipe 20 for secondary adsorption, then enters a tertiary activated carbon adsorption cylinder 1-3 for tertiary adsorption through a secondary activated carbon adsorption cylinder water outlet branch pipe and a series water inlet pipe, finally enters a quaternary activated carbon adsorption cylinder 1-4 for quaternary adsorption through a tertiary activated carbon adsorption cylinder water outlet branch pipe and a series water inlet pipe, and is subjected to quaternary adsorption as pretreatment of reverse osmosis by using tea-oil tree shell activated carbon adsorption to remove organic matters, heavy metals and other small molecular pollutants in the sewage wastewater, simultaneously, a part of ammonia nitrogen is removed by adsorption, so that the workload of a subsequent reverse osmosis device can be reduced, the generation of membrane pollution is slowed down, the wastewater enters the regulating tank 5 through the four-stage active carbon adsorption cylinder water outlet branch pipe and the infusion pipe 30 after adsorption is finished, the liquid after the wastewater enters the reverse osmosis membrane component 7 from the regulating tank 5 through the security filter 6 and is subjected to reverse osmosis treatment is conveyed to the filtered water collecting tank 8 through the reverse osmosis liquid inlet pipe 50 and is discharged through the treated water discharge pipe 81, and the concentrated solution returns to the main water inlet pipe 10 through the concentrated solution discharge pipe 73, and is circularly and repeatedly treated until the wastewater reaches the standard and is discharged;
the active carbon refueling process comprises the following steps: because the operation periods of all the activated carbon adsorption columns reaching adsorption saturation are not consistent, in order to realize the respective operation of the wastewater treatment process, the material changing process and the back washing process, the oil tea shell activated carbon needs to be replaced by different periods of time, the equipment does not need to discharge the wastewater in the equipment in the whole operation process, for example, when the oil tea shell activated carbon in a certain stage of activated carbon adsorption column reaches the saturation and needs to be replaced, the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve of the activated carbon adsorption column are closed, the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve of the next stage of activated carbon adsorption column are opened, then the electromagnetic discharge valve 15 at the bottom of the activated carbon adsorption column is opened, the activated carbon after adsorption saturation falls off under the action of gravity and is discharged from the electromagnetic discharge valve 15, the independent material changing of the material process is realized, the normal operation of other systems is not influenced, and at the moment, the electromagnetic discharge valve 15 at, simultaneously, opening an electromagnetic feed valve 16, adding sufficient activated carbon of the camellia oleifera shells, closing the electromagnetic feed valve 16, reopening a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve, closing a water inlet valve of the next-stage activated carbon adsorption column, and enabling the wastewater to enter the graded adsorption system again step by step through the adsorption column;
the back washing process comprises the following steps: when the transmembrane pressure difference at the two ends of water inlet and outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane component 7 reaches a set value, a backwashing process is adopted to reduce membrane pollution, the water level in the regulating tank 5 is pre-regulated to be below the display value of the liquid level meter 51, the water inlet valve 72 of the reverse osmosis system is closed under the condition of ensuring the water quantity of the regulating tank to be safe, the backwashing valve 82 is opened, the permeate in the filtered water collecting tank 8 enters the reverse osmosis membrane component 7 through the backwashing water inlet pipe 84 by the backwashing pump 83 for backwashing, the backwashing valve 82 is closed after the backwashing is finished, and the reverse osmosis water inlet valve 72 is opened again for normal operation of the; the water for backwashing comes from the filtered water collecting tank 8, enters the reverse osmosis system through the backwashing water inlet pipe 84 under the action of the backwashing pump 83 to complete backwashing, is easy to operate, has stable whole process and no wastewater discharge, and the equipment in the device, such as an activated carbon adsorption column, a reverse osmosis membrane device and the like, is the equipment in the prior art and can be customized or purchased in the market.
Comparative example 2
The removal rate of the oil tea activated carbon on ammonia nitrogen is as follows: the oil-tea camellia shell is purchased from a certain oil refinery in the west of the Yangtze river, dried, crushed and cracked to prepare the oil-tea camellia shell activated carbon, and the specific surface area of the activated carbon is 1300m of 1200-2/g。
By NH4Cl to NH4And (3) 1L of simulated ammonia nitrogen wastewater with the + -N concentration of 100mg/L, carrying out constant-temperature oscillation adsorption for 300min under the conditions that the pH is 8, the adding amount of the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon is 2g/L and the temperature is 25 ℃, and displaying that the adsorption capacity of the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon is 41.3mg/L and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is 58.7% during balance. Therefore, the oil tea shell activated carbon has a good adsorption effect on ammonia nitrogen in wastewater, and the workload of reverse osmosis can be reduced before reverse osmosis.
Preparing Cu (NO) with concentration of 50mg/L by using copper nitrate solid3)2The solution is 100ml, and the heavy metal wastewater containing copper is simulated. The solution is shaken at constant temperature for 300min under the conditions that the pH is 8 and the temperature is 25 ℃, the influence of the using amount of the active carbon on the adsorption effect and the isothermal adsorption effect are shown in the following tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 influence of active carbon dosage on adsorption effect
Figure BDA0002794111500000101
Therefore, the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon has a certain effect on removing heavy metal copper ions in the wastewater.
TABLE 2 activated carbon isothermal adsorption table
Figure BDA0002794111500000102
According to isothermal adsorption results, when the concentration of copper ions in wastewater is not high, the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon has a good effect on removing the copper ions in the simulated wastewater. In the mine tailing wastewater, the content of heavy metal is low, and pollutants mainly comprise ammonia nitrogen. Before reverse osmosis treatment, a small amount of heavy metal ions in the wastewater are removed by using oil-tea camellia shell activated carbon adsorption, and reverse osmosis concentrated solution containing ammonia nitrogen can be recycled as leachate after relevant reagents such as carbonic acid and the like are added.
CuCl with the preparation concentration of 1g/L2、NiCl2、Pb(NO3)2Solution, simulating heavy metal wastewater. The simulated heavy metal wastewater is treated by a reverse osmosis membrane which is self-made in a laboratory, and the removal rate of three heavy metal ions is over 95 percent under the pressure of transmembrane pressure difference of 1MPa at two ends of the membrane.
Example 3
The main pollutant of the tailing wastewater in Jiangxi is ammonia nitrogen, the concentration is about 95mg/L in rainy season and about 210mg/L in dry season. Taking the wastewater pretreated by the tailing sewage plant through a grid, a grit chamber and the like, and detecting NH4 +The concentration of N was 102.55mg/L, pH 8.59. The ammonia nitrogen wastewater is treated by the process, the addition amount of the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon in the first-stage activated carbon adsorption column is 2g/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 51.95mg/L after the constant-temperature adsorption of the four-stage activated carbon adsorption column for 300min, and the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen is about 49.34%; enters a reverse osmosis treatment system through a regulating reservoir, the water inlet pressure is set to be 1MPa, the final removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is more than 95 percent, and the ammonia nitrogen content in reverse osmosis permeation liquid is about3mg/L, and meets the industrial emission standard.
Compared with the common ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment process, the method is simpler and easier to operate, is easy to disassemble and carry, reduces the capital construction cost, realizes the cyclic treatment of the ammonia nitrogen wastewater, and is more suitable for the places such as mines, remote geography and places inconvenient in transportation.

Claims (6)

1. The series parallel graded adsorption reverse osmosis treatment device for mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater is characterized in that: comprises a graded adsorption system, a wastewater adjusting system, a reverse osmosis system and a control system;
the graded adsorption system comprises a main water inlet pipe (10), a first-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder (1-1), a second-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder (1-2), a third-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder (1-3) and a fourth-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder (1-4) which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the top and the bottom of the activated carbon adsorption cylinder are respectively provided with a water inlet branch pipe (11) and a water outlet branch pipe (12), the water inlet branch pipes (11) are respectively connected with the main water inlet pipe (10), and the water outlet branch pipe (12) of the previous-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder is connected with the water inlet branch pipe (11) of the next-stage activated carbon adsorption cylinder through a series water inlet pipe (20);
the wastewater adjusting system comprises an adjusting tank (5) and a security filter (6), wherein a water inlet of the adjusting tank (5) is connected with a water outlet branch pipe of the four-stage activated carbon adsorption column (1-4) through a liquid conveying pipe (30), a water outlet of the adjusting tank is connected with a water inlet at the top of the reverse osmosis membrane component (7) through a filtrate water inlet pipe (40), and the security filter (6) is arranged on the filtrate water inlet pipe;
the reverse osmosis system comprises a reverse osmosis membrane assembly (7), a filtered water collecting tank (8), a backwashing device and a treated water discharge pipe (81), wastewater passing through a water outlet at the bottom of the reverse osmosis membrane assembly (7) is conveyed to the filtered water collecting tank (8) through a reverse osmosis liquid water inlet pipe (50) for precipitation and then is discharged from the treated water discharge pipe (81), and the backwashing device comprises a backwashing pipe water inlet pipe (60) connected with the bottom of the reverse osmosis membrane assembly (7) and the treated water discharge pipe (81);
be provided with into water elevator pump (02) and intake pressure table (03) on total inlet tube (10) the top and the bottom of each active carbon adsorption cylinder are provided with electromagnetism feed valve (16) and electromagnetism relief valve (15) respectively intake branch pipe (11) and play water branch pipe (12) are last to be provided with inlet valve (13) and outlet valve (14) respectively set up level gauge (51) in equalizing basin (5) be provided with out water flowmeter (17) on series connection inlet tube (20) be provided with on safety filter (6) inlet tube and the outlet pipe respectively strain preceding manometer (61) and strain back manometer (62) be provided with elevator pump (63) on filtrate inlet tube (40), strain preceding flowmeter (71), reverse osmosis water intake valve (72) be provided with on reverse osmosis liquid inlet tube (50) and strain back flowmeter (75), A reverse osmosis water outlet valve (74), wherein a back washing pump (83) and a back washing valve (82) are arranged on the water inlet pipe (60) of the back washing pipe; the main lift pump (02), the water inlet pressure gauge (03), the electromagnetic feed valve (16), the electromagnetic discharge valve (15), the water inlet valve (13), the water outlet valve (14), the liquid level meter (51), the water outlet flow meter (17), the pre-filtration pressure meter (61), the post-filtration pressure meter (62), the lift pump (63), the pre-filtration flow meter (71), the reverse osmosis water inlet valve (72), the post-filtration flow meter (75), the reverse osmosis water outlet valve (74), the reverse osmosis pump (83) and the reverse osmosis valve (82) are all connected with the control system;
the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption column is oil-tea camellia shell activated carbon.
2. The series parallel fractional adsorption reverse osmosis treatment device for mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon is prepared by drying, crushing, cracking and activating camellia oleifera shell waste.
3. The series parallel fractional adsorption reverse osmosis treatment device for mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specific surface area of the camellia oleifera shell activated carbon is 1200-1300m2/g。
4. The series parallel fractional adsorption reverse osmosis treatment device for mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the device normally operates, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cartridge filter is less than 0.05 MPa.
5. The device for treating mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by series parallel fractional adsorption and reverse osmosis according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: and a concentrated solution discharge pipe (73) is arranged between the water outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module (7) and the main water inlet pipe (10), so that the cyclic treatment of the ammonia nitrogen wastewater is realized.
6. The treatment process of the series parallel fractional adsorption reverse osmosis treatment device for mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater according to claim 5, characterized in that: comprises an ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment process, an activated carbon material changing process and a backwashing process, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
the ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment process comprises the following steps: after the ammonia nitrogen wastewater of the mine is pretreated, the ammonia nitrogen wastewater is firstly conveyed to a first-stage activated carbon adsorption column (1-1) by a main water inlet pipe (10) through a lift pump (02) and a water branch pipe (11) to carry out first-stage adsorption on the ammonia nitrogen wastewater through tea shell activated carbon in the first-stage activated carbon adsorption column (1-1), then enters a second-stage activated carbon adsorption column (1-2) through a water outlet branch pipe (12) and a serial water inlet pipe (20) of the first-stage activated carbon adsorption column to carry out second-stage adsorption, then enters a third-stage activated carbon adsorption column (1-3) through the water outlet branch pipe and the serial water inlet pipe of the second-stage activated carbon adsorption column to carry out third-stage adsorption, finally enters a fourth-stage activated carbon adsorption column (1-4) through the water outlet branch pipe and the serial water inlet pipe of the third-stage activated carbon adsorption column (1-4) to carry out fourth-stage adsorption, the method comprises the following steps that (1) a lift pump (63) is started, wastewater enters a reverse osmosis membrane assembly (7) from a regulating tank (5) through a cartridge filter (6), liquid subjected to reverse osmosis treatment is conveyed to a filtered water collecting tank (8) through a reverse osmosis liquid inlet pipe (50) and is discharged through a treated water discharge pipe (81), and concentrated liquid returns to a main water inlet pipe (10) through a concentrated liquid discharge pipe (73) to be circularly and repeatedly treated;
the active carbon refueling process comprises the following steps: when the activated carbon adsorption of the camellia oleifera shell in a certain stage of activated carbon adsorption column body reaches saturation and needs to be replaced, closing a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve of the activated carbon adsorption column body, opening a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve of the next stage of activated carbon adsorption column body, then opening an electromagnetic discharge valve (15) at the bottom of the activated carbon adsorption column body, so that the activated carbon of the camellia oleifera shell falls off under the action of gravity, closing the electromagnetic discharge valve (15) at the bottom of the activated carbon adsorption column body, simultaneously opening an electromagnetic feed valve (16), closing the electromagnetic feed valve (16) after adding sufficient amount of camellia oleifera shell activated carbon, reopening the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve, closing the water inlet valve of the next stage of activated carbon adsorption column body, and enabling the wastewater to enter the graded adsorption system step;
the back washing process comprises the following steps: when transmembrane pressure difference at the two ends of water inlet and outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane assembly (7) reaches a set value, the water level in the regulating tank (5) is adjusted below the display of the liquid level meter (51), a water inlet valve (72) of the reverse osmosis system is closed, a back flush valve (82) is opened, permeate in the filtered water collecting tank (8) enters the reverse osmosis membrane assembly (7) from a back flush water inlet pipe (84) by a back flush pump (83) for back flush, the back flush valve (82) is closed after the back flush is completed, and the reverse osmosis water inlet valve (72) is opened again for normal operation of the system.
CN202011325425.1A 2020-11-24 2020-11-24 Device and process for treating mine ammonia nitrogen wastewater by series parallel graded adsorption and reverse osmosis Pending CN112239282A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112850931A (en) * 2021-02-01 2021-05-28 安道麦安邦(江苏)有限公司 Online-regeneration active carbon fluidized bed high-salt organic wastewater treatment system and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112850931A (en) * 2021-02-01 2021-05-28 安道麦安邦(江苏)有限公司 Online-regeneration active carbon fluidized bed high-salt organic wastewater treatment system and method

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