CN112239249B - Reverse osmosis sea water desalination system based on electric non-uniform concentration field - Google Patents
Reverse osmosis sea water desalination system based on electric non-uniform concentration field Download PDFInfo
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- CN112239249B CN112239249B CN202011076213.4A CN202011076213A CN112239249B CN 112239249 B CN112239249 B CN 112239249B CN 202011076213 A CN202011076213 A CN 202011076213A CN 112239249 B CN112239249 B CN 112239249B
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- reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4698—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electro-osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reverse osmosis seawater desalination system based on an electro-induced non-uniform concentration field, which has the advantages of low cost, high performance coefficient and simple structure. The reverse osmosis seawater desalination system based on the electro-induced non-uniform concentration field comprises a desalination chamber (1), a fresh water pond (2) and a concentrated water pond (3), wherein a brine inlet (11) of the desalination chamber is connected with an external brine source, a fresh water outlet (12) of the desalination chamber is connected with a fresh water inlet (21) of the fresh water pond (2), and a concentrated water outlet (13) of the desalination chamber is connected with a concentrated water inlet (31) of the concentrated water pond (3); the device also comprises a non-uniform concentration field desalination function unit; the non-uniform concentration field desalination functional unit comprises at least one electrode pair (101) and a reverse osmosis membrane (102); the electrode pair (101) is arranged in the desalination chamber (1), and the reverse osmosis membrane (102) is arranged at the fresh water outlet (12) of the desalination chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sea water desalting equipment, and particularly relates to a reverse osmosis sea water desalting system based on an electro-induced non-uniform concentration field.
Background
In the growing population and the waste and pollution of water resources by humans, the crisis of fresh water resources is continuously aggravated, and by the expert estimated, by 2025, the region where nearly half of the population lives in the world is faced with serious water shortage problems. In the total water quantity of about 14.5 hundred million cubic meters of the earth, the fresh water resource directly available to human beings only accounts for 0.26 percent, the sea water accounts for 97.5 percent, and the sea water (brine) with rich reserves is desalted to become available fresh water, so that the method is a reliable and important way for solving the problem of insufficient water resource.
Among the sea water desalination technologies, the reverse osmosis sea water desalination technology based on the reverse osmosis principle has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, compact and beautiful equipment and the like, and is considered as the leading technology in the sea water desalination market at present. By taking our country as an example, 106 projects applying reverse osmosis technology nationwide are taken by the end of 2015, and the water production scale is 65.45 ten thousand t/d, which accounts for 64.88% of the total water production scale nationwide.
In a natural state, when brine and fresh water are separated by a semipermeable membrane (reverse osmosis membrane) through which only water molecules permeate and solute (salt) molecules cannot permeate, water molecules on the fresh water side flow to the brine side, and after the brine side reaches an equilibrium state, the liquid level on the brine side is higher than that on the fresh water side, and the pressure difference formed by the liquid level difference is called osmotic pressure. When pressure exceeding osmotic pressure is applied on the brine side, water molecules in the brine flow to the fresh water side, and the process is reverse osmosis. The nature of osmotic pressure actually reflects the attraction of solute molecules to water molecules in brine: for pure water, water molecules can freely pass through the reverse osmosis membrane; for brine, solute molecules have certain attractive force on water molecules, so that not only can the solute molecules not pass through a reverse osmosis membrane, but also the water molecules attracted by the solute molecules cannot freely permeate the reverse osmosis membrane, and macroscopic manifestation is osmotic pressure. For brine, in order to enable water molecules in the brine to permeate through the reverse osmosis membrane, the reverse osmosis sea water desalination can be realized only by external pressurization, namely, the fresh water is prepared by utilizing the principle, and the conventional reverse osmosis sea water desalination technology is to pressurize the brine by a high-pressure pump and convey the brine to a reverse osmosis membrane assembly to realize reverse osmosis, so that the fresh water is prepared.
The problems of the prior art are: in order to desalinate brine by using a reverse osmosis membrane, a brine source must be connected with a high-pressure pump, and the brine side is added to high pressure by using the high-pressure pump, which consumes huge energy; the high-pressure liquid generated by the high-pressure pump can damage the reverse osmosis membrane, so that the membrane is broken; the high-pressure pump has high cost, and the cost of pretreatment, basic construction and the like increases the desalination cost of the reverse osmosis technology; the high-pressure pump has high operation and maintenance difficulty and complex system structure. .
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reverse osmosis seawater desalination system based on an electro-induced non-uniform concentration field, which has the advantages of low cost, high performance coefficient and simple structure.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system based on the electro-induced non-uniform concentration field comprises a desalination chamber 1, a fresh water tank 2 and a concentrated water tank 3, wherein a brine inlet 11 of the desalination chamber is connected with an external brine water source, a fresh water outlet 12 of the desalination chamber is connected with a fresh water inlet 21 of the fresh water tank 2, and a concentrated water outlet 13 of the desalination chamber is connected with a concentrated water inlet 31 of the concentrated water tank 3; the device also comprises a non-uniform concentration field desalination function unit; the nonuniform concentration field desalination functional unit comprises at least one electrode pair 101 and a reverse osmosis membrane 102; the electrode pair 101 is arranged in the desalination chamber 1, and the reverse osmosis membrane 102 is arranged at the fresh water outlet 12 of the desalination chamber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
1. low cost and high coefficient of performance: the invention uses the electric uneven concentration field to carry out reverse osmosis brine desalination, the electrode generates an electric field to attract solute molecules anions and cations to the surface of the electrode and the vicinity of the electrode, an uneven concentration area is generated in the desalination chamber, the area with the concentration as low as 0 in the brine can be regarded as a fresh water area, osmotic pressure does not exist in the area, and water molecules can freely permeate the reverse osmosis membrane, thereby achieving the effect of separating salt solute molecules from water molecules. In the process, the high-pressure water pump is not needed to pressurize the brine, so that the cost is greatly reduced; the energy consumption for generating high pressure is reduced, the energy-saving effect is generated, and the performance coefficient is high.
2. The structure is simple: the high-pressure water pump is removed, the related components of the system are reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, the structure is simpler, the maintenance is more convenient, and the service life of the system is prolonged. .
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reverse osmosis brine desalination system based on an electro-induced non-uniform concentration field.
In the figure, a desalting chamber 1, a desalting chamber 11, a desalting chamber brine inlet, a desalting chamber fresh water outlet, a 101 electrode pair, a 102 reverse osmosis membrane, a desalting chamber concentrated water outlet 13,
2 fresh water pond, 21 fresh water pond fresh water inlet,
and 3, a concentrated water tank and a concentrated water inlet of the 31 concentrated water tank.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system based on the electro-induced non-uniform concentration field comprises a desalination chamber 1, a fresh water tank 2 and a concentrated water tank 3, wherein a brine inlet 11 of the desalination chamber is connected with an external brine source, a fresh water outlet 12 of the desalination chamber is connected with a fresh water inlet 21 of the fresh water tank 2, and a concentrated water outlet 13 of the desalination chamber is connected with a concentrated water inlet 31 of the concentrated water tank 3.
The device also comprises a non-uniform concentration field desalination function unit;
the nonuniform concentration field desalination functional unit comprises at least one electrode pair 101 and a reverse osmosis membrane 102;
the electrode pair 101 is arranged in the desalination chamber 1, and the reverse osmosis membrane 102 is arranged at the fresh water outlet 12 of the desalination chamber.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
the reverse osmosis membrane 102 fully covers the water passage between the fresh water outlet 12 of the desalination chamber and the fresh water inlet 21 of the fresh water pond 2.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
the electric field direction of the electrode pair 101 is perpendicular to the connection line between the brine inlet 11 and the fresh water outlet 12 of the desalination chamber.
The electrode pairs 101 may be one pair or a plurality of pairs. The electrode pair is externally connected with a renewable energy power generation device.
The reverse osmosis brine desalination system based on the electro-induced non-uniform concentration field has the working principle that:
after the electrode is electrified, an electric field is generated to attract solute molecules anions and cations to the surface of the electrode and the vicinity of the electrode, a region with uneven concentration is generated in the desalting chamber, a region with low concentration of 0 in brine can be regarded as a fresh water region, osmotic pressure does not exist in the region, and water molecules can freely permeate the reverse osmosis membrane to achieve the effect of separating salt solute molecules from water molecules. In the process, the high-pressure water pump is not needed to pressurize the brine, so that the cost is greatly reduced; the energy consumption for generating high pressure is reduced, the energy-saving effect is generated, and the detailed working process is as follows:
the brine inlet of the desalination chamber is connected with an external brine source, and brine can be injected into the desalination chamber under the action of gravity or by adopting a common low-pressure water pump according to the water level. One or more pairs of electrodes are arranged in the desalting chamber, and the electrodes are connected with an external power supply, such as a solar battery. After the electrodes are electrified, an electric field is generated in the desalination chamber. Cations and anions of solute electrolyte in the brine move under the action of an electric field, the cations migrate to the cathode, and the anions migrate to the anode; migration causes the brine concentration in the desalination chamber to be no longer uniform, the concentration on the surface of the electrode and nearby is higher, the concentration at a position far away from the electrode is lower, and even a region with the brine concentration of 0 appears; the osmotic pressure of the area with the concentration as low as 0 is 0, and water molecules can freely permeate the reverse osmosis membrane under the condition of no pressurization of a high-pressure pump; the fresh water outlet 12 of the desalination chamber is connected with the fresh water inlet 21 of the fresh water tank 2, and pure water enters the fresh water tank through a reverse osmosis membrane, so that the desalination of salt water and the acquisition of pure water are realized; the concentration of the brine which cannot pass through the reverse osmosis membrane becomes high, the concentrated water outlet 13 of the desalination chamber is connected with the concentrated water inlet 31 of the concentrated water tank 3, and the concentrated brine enters the concentrated water tank and can be used as other recycled materials. This process may continue.
Claims (1)
1. A reverse osmosis seawater desalination system based on an electro-induced non-uniform concentration field comprises a desalination chamber (1), a fresh water pond (2) and a concentrated water pond (3), wherein a brine inlet (11) of the desalination chamber is connected with an external brine source, a fresh water outlet (12) of the desalination chamber is connected with a fresh water inlet (21) of the fresh water pond, and a concentrated water outlet (13) of the desalination chamber is connected with a concentrated water inlet (31) of the concentrated water pond; the method is characterized in that:
the device also comprises a non-uniform concentration field desalination function unit;
the non-uniform concentration field desalination functional unit comprises at least one electrode pair (101) and a reverse osmosis membrane (102);
the electrode pair (101) is arranged in the desalination chamber (1), and the reverse osmosis membrane (102) is arranged at the fresh water outlet (12) of the desalination chamber;
the reverse osmosis membrane (102) fully covers a water passage between the fresh water outlet (12) of the desalination chamber and the fresh water inlet (21) of the fresh water pond;
the direction of the electric field of the electrode pair (101) is perpendicular to the connection line of the brine inlet (11) and the fresh water outlet (12) of the desalination chamber.
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| CN202011076213.4A CN112239249B (en) | 2020-10-10 | 2020-10-10 | Reverse osmosis sea water desalination system based on electric non-uniform concentration field |
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| CN112239249B true CN112239249B (en) | 2023-05-05 |
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Citations (8)
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| CN1745884A (en) * | 2005-08-18 | 2006-03-15 | 黄开元 | Fixed ion separation in electric field |
| CN101481159A (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-15 | 朝阳森塬活性炭有限公司 | Seawater electric desalting apparatus and method |
| CN102502927A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-20 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for desalinizing alkaline water and seawater as well as concentrating and recovering mineral salts |
| CN102786174A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-11-21 | 波鹰(厦门)科技有限公司 | Seawater desalination device and method |
| CN103332811A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-10-02 | 康静 | Brackish water desalination process method and application apparatus thereof |
| TW201516003A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-05-01 | Kun-Shu Zhang | Method for seawater desalination by electrostatic process |
| CN108408994A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-17 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of slight bitter desalination irrigation system |
| CN111718052A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | Brackish water desalination method and device |
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2020
- 2020-10-10 CN CN202011076213.4A patent/CN112239249B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1745884A (en) * | 2005-08-18 | 2006-03-15 | 黄开元 | Fixed ion separation in electric field |
| CN101481159A (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-15 | 朝阳森塬活性炭有限公司 | Seawater electric desalting apparatus and method |
| CN102502927A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-20 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for desalinizing alkaline water and seawater as well as concentrating and recovering mineral salts |
| CN102786174A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-11-21 | 波鹰(厦门)科技有限公司 | Seawater desalination device and method |
| CN103332811A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-10-02 | 康静 | Brackish water desalination process method and application apparatus thereof |
| TW201516003A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-05-01 | Kun-Shu Zhang | Method for seawater desalination by electrostatic process |
| CN108408994A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-17 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of slight bitter desalination irrigation system |
| CN111718052A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | Brackish water desalination method and device |
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