CN112234634B - Hybrid energy storage power generation system and method - Google Patents
Hybrid energy storage power generation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112234634B CN112234634B CN202011119815.3A CN202011119815A CN112234634B CN 112234634 B CN112234634 B CN 112234634B CN 202011119815 A CN202011119815 A CN 202011119815A CN 112234634 B CN112234634 B CN 112234634B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01B23/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/007—Systems for storing electric energy involving storage in the form of mechanical energy, e.g. fly-wheels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power supply and energy storage, in particular to a hybrid energy storage power generation system and method. This hybrid energy storage power generation system includes: the liquid air energy storage unit comprises a liquid air storage tank and a working medium circulation loop, wherein the input end of the liquid air storage tank is connected with an energy storage pipeline, and the output end of the liquid air storage tank is used for transmitting power to a power grid through an energy release pipeline; the working medium circulation loop comprises an heat absorption pipeline and a heat release pipeline which are connected, the heat absorption pipeline is used for generating heat exchange with the energy storage pipeline, and the heat release pipeline is used for generating heat exchange with the energy release pipeline; and the auxiliary energy storage unit is respectively connected with the energy release pipeline, the heat release pipeline and the power grid. The hybrid energy storage power generation system provided by the invention utilizes the hybrid action of the liquid air energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit to meet various response requirements of a power grid, such as quick start, peak shaving, frequency modulation and black start.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supply and energy storage, in particular to a hybrid energy storage power generation system and method.
Background
With the continuous development of industry, the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by energy utilization methods mainly based on fossil energy are increasingly serious, renewable energy which can be recycled and is friendly to the environment is reasonably developed and is widely concerned, especially in the field of power generation. But the renewable energy sources are not uniformly distributed, have the characteristics of randomness, intermittence and the like, have large impact on a power grid after grid connection, and can cause certain influence on the safe and stable operation of a power system. When a power grid fails, local power supply tension can be caused, even power grid accidents can be caused as the time length of the failure increases, protection misoperation, system oscillation and power grid cracking are triggered, and an unbalanced alternating magnetic field and an interference signal can be generated.
The energy storage technology is a technical means for effectively improving the consumption of the power grid on the renewable energy sources, and the controllability of the utilization of the renewable energy sources can be enhanced. The liquid air energy storage is an environment-friendly large-scale energy storage technology with high energy storage density and no geographical condition limitation. In the energy consumption valley section, the air is liquefied and stored; in the electricity utilization peak section, the liquid air releases cold energy, expands to generate electricity, and can realize peak clipping and valley filling of the energy utilization. However, the liquid air energy storage still cannot meet the response requirement of the power grid, for example, because: the starting time of the liquid air energy storage system is usually about 1-10 minutes, the starting time is long, the response speed is slow, and the quick response requirement of a power grid when the load changes dynamically in a short period cannot be met; when the frequency of the power grid fluctuates in the whole power utilization stage, the liquid air energy storage system cannot meet the requirement of rapid frequency modulation; in addition, when a circuit suddenly fails, the liquid air energy storage system cannot rapidly and actively participate in power grid reconstruction, and as the duration of the power failure increases, not only can electrical equipment be seriously damaged, but also dangerous conditions such as voltage breakdown, low-frequency oscillation, alternating magnetic field signal interference and the like can be caused, and huge economic loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a hybrid energy storage power generation system to solve the problem that the existing liquid air energy storage system cannot meet the response requirement of a power grid.
The invention further provides a hybrid energy storage power generation method.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the hybrid energy storage power generation system comprises:
the liquid air energy storage unit comprises a liquid air storage tank and a working medium circulation loop, wherein the input end of the liquid air storage tank is connected with an energy storage pipeline, and the output end of the liquid air storage tank is used for transmitting power to a power grid through an energy release pipeline; the working medium circulation loop comprises an heat absorption pipeline and a heat release pipeline which are connected, the heat absorption pipeline is used for exchanging heat with the energy storage pipeline, and the heat release pipeline is used for exchanging heat with the energy release pipeline;
and the auxiliary energy storage unit is respectively connected with the energy release pipeline, the heat release pipeline and the power grid.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary energy storage unit is a flywheel energy storage unit, and the flywheel energy storage unit comprises a bidirectional driving motor and a flywheel which are connected; the energy release pipeline is provided with a low-temperature pump, the heat release pipeline is provided with a heat release working medium pump, and the low-temperature pump and the heat release working medium pump are respectively connected to the bidirectional driving motor or the flywheel.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the flywheel is provided with a first output shaft connected to the drive shaft of the cryogenic pump via a first fluid coupling and a second output shaft connected to the drive shaft of the heat-releasing working medium pump via a second fluid coupling.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flywheel energy storage unit includes a plurality of flywheels and a plurality of bidirectional driving motors, and each flywheel is connected to each bidirectional driving motor in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid air energy storage unit further includes a compressor unit, a cooler, a reheater, and an expansion unit, the compressor unit, the gas heat exchange side of the cooler, and the input end of the liquid air storage tank are sequentially connected through the energy storage pipeline, and the output end of the liquid air storage tank, the gas heat exchange side of the reheater, and the expansion unit are sequentially connected through the energy release pipeline.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the liquid air energy storage unit further comprises a cold accumulator, the cold accumulator is provided with a first heat exchange side and a second heat exchange side, the first heat exchange side of the cold accumulator is connected to the energy storage pipeline between the gas heat exchange side of the cooler and the input end of the liquid air storage tank, and the second heat exchange side of the cold accumulator is connected to the energy release pipeline between the output end of the liquid air storage tank and the gas heat exchange side of the reheater.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the liquid air energy storage unit further comprises a pressure reducing device connected to the energy storage line between the first heat exchanging side of the regenerator and the input of the liquid air storage tank.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cryogenic pump is connected to the energy release line between the output of the liquid air storage tank and the second heat exchange side of the cold accumulator.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the working medium circulation loop further includes a normal temperature storage tank and a high temperature storage tank, an output end of the normal temperature storage tank, a working medium heat exchange side of the cooler and an input end of the high temperature storage tank are connected through the heat absorption pipeline, and an output end of the high temperature storage tank, a working medium heat exchange side of the reheater and an input end of the normal temperature storage tank are connected through the heat release pipeline.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the working medium circulation loop further includes a heat absorption working medium pump, and the heat absorption working medium pump is connected to the heat absorption pipeline between the output end of the normal temperature storage tank and the working medium heat exchange side of the cooler.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat release working medium pump is connected to the heat release pipeline between the output end of the high-temperature storage tank and the working medium heat exchange side of the reheater.
According to another aspect of the invention, the hybrid energy storage power generation method is executed by the hybrid energy storage power generation system; the hybrid energy storage power generation method can execute an energy storage state, a peak regulation state, a frequency modulation state and an emergency state;
the energy storage state comprises:
the energy storage pipeline of the liquid air energy storage unit exchanges heat with the heat absorption pipeline of the working medium circulation loop so as to convert air into liquid air and store the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank; driving the auxiliary energy storage unit to store energy;
the peak shaving state comprises:
before the liquid air energy storage unit is driven to transmit power to a power grid through an energy release pipeline, an auxiliary energy storage unit is driven in advance to release energy to the power grid and transmit power;
the frequency modulation state comprises:
when the frequency of the power grid fluctuates in the power transmission process, the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for releasing energy to the power grid and transmitting power;
the emergency state comprises:
the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for driving liquid air to flow into the energy release pipeline from the output end of the liquid air storage tank, and the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for driving a heat exchange medium to flow in the heat release pipeline; and driving the liquid air in the energy release pipeline to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat release pipeline, so that the liquid air flowing through the energy release pipeline can do work to generate power after being heated.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:
the hybrid energy storage power generation system comprises a liquid air energy storage unit and an auxiliary energy storage unit. The liquid air energy storage unit comprises a liquid air storage tank and a working medium circulation loop, wherein the input end of the liquid air storage tank is connected with an energy storage pipeline, and the output end of the liquid air storage tank is used for transmitting power to a power grid through an energy release pipeline; the working medium circulation loop comprises an heat absorption pipeline and a heat release pipeline which are connected, the heat absorption pipeline is used for heat exchange with the energy storage pipeline, and the heat release pipeline is used for heat exchange with the energy release pipeline. The auxiliary energy storage unit is respectively connected with the energy release pipeline, the heat release pipeline and the power grid. On the one hand, the hybrid energy storage power generation system can utilize the liquid air energy storage unit to execute an energy storage stage and an energy release stage: in the energy storage stage, heat exchange is carried out between a heat exchange medium in a heat absorption pipeline of the working medium circulation loop and air in the energy storage pipeline, so that the air is cooled and converted into liquid air which is stored in a liquid air storage tank, and energy storage is realized; in the energy release stage, heat exchange is carried out between the heat exchange medium in the heat release pipeline of the working medium circulation loop and the liquid air in the energy release pipeline, so that the liquid air is heated and converted into air to do work for power generation, and the energy release power generation is realized. On the other hand, the hybrid action of the liquid air energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit is utilized to meet various response requirements of the power grid, such as quick start, peak shaving, frequency modulation and black start.
In the energy storage executing state, the liquid air energy storage unit is utilized to execute the energy storage stage and synchronously drive the auxiliary energy storage unit to store energy, so that the synchronous energy storage of the whole system is realized, and the overall energy storage and energy storage efficiency of the system are improved.
In the peak load regulation state, the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for releasing energy to the power grid and transmitting power in advance, then the liquid air energy storage unit is used for executing the energy release stage, namely, the characteristic of quick energy release response of the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for filling the blank time period generated in the initial starting stage due to the insufficient response speed of the liquid air energy storage unit, and the response requirement of quick starting of power grid power transmission is met, so that the system can realize flexible and efficient peak load regulation and valley filling for the power grid.
In the frequency modulation executing state, if the frequency of the power grid fluctuates in the power transmission process, the auxiliary energy storage unit is utilized to release energy to the power grid and transmit power, so that the auxiliary energy storage unit is utilized to quickly adjust the frequency fluctuation of the power grid, the power grid output is more stable, the response speed of the frequency modulation of the power grid is improved, and a more stable power grid frequency modulation effect is achieved.
In the emergency execution state, the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for driving the liquid air energy storage unit to execute the energy release stage, so that the response speed of the liquid air energy storage unit is increased, the energy release speed to the power grid is increased, the power-off blank period length of the power grid caused by faults is reduced, and the stable operation of the power grid is ensured.
Furthermore, in the hybrid energy storage power generation system, the auxiliary energy storage unit can participate in the response process of the power grid through the conversion between mechanical energy and electric energy; in addition, the liquid air energy storage unit can be directly and mechanically driven through mechanical energy to drive the liquid air energy storage unit to execute an energy release stage in an emergency state, so that the response speed of the liquid air energy storage unit in the emergency state is increased, the energy loss in the energy conversion process is avoided, the time loss is greatly reduced, and the effect of improving the response speed of a power grid is achieved.
The hybrid energy storage power generation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is executed by the hybrid energy storage power generation system. The hybrid energy storage power generation method can execute an energy storage state, a peak regulation state, a frequency modulation state and an emergency state. Wherein, the energy storage state includes: the energy storage pipeline of the liquid air energy storage unit exchanges heat with the heat absorption pipeline of the working medium circulation loop so as to convert air into liquid air and store the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank; driving the auxiliary energy storage unit to store energy; the peak shaving state comprises the following steps: before the liquid air energy storage unit is driven to transmit power to the power grid through the energy release pipeline, the auxiliary energy storage unit is driven to release energy to the power grid in advance and transmit power; the frequency modulation state comprises the following steps: when frequency fluctuation occurs in the power transmission process of the power grid, the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for releasing energy to the power grid and transmitting power; the emergency state comprises: the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for driving liquid air to flow into the energy release pipeline from the output end of the liquid air storage tank, and the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for driving a heat exchange medium to flow in the heat release pipeline; and the liquid air in the energy release pipeline is driven to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat release pipeline, so that the liquid air flowing through the energy release pipeline can do work to generate power after being heated. Since the hybrid energy storage power generation method is executed by the hybrid energy storage power generation system, the hybrid energy storage power generation method has all the advantages of the hybrid energy storage power generation system, and details are not repeated herein.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid energy storage power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1: a flywheel energy storage unit; 101: a bi-directional drive motor; 102: a flywheel; 110: a first fluid coupling; 120: a second hydraulic coupler; 2: a compressor unit; 3: a cooler; 4: a normal temperature storage tank; 5: a heat absorbing working medium pump; 6: a high-temperature storage tank; 7: a cold storage device; 8: a pressure reducing device; 9: a liquid air storage tank; 10: a cryopump; 11: a heat release working medium pump; 12: a reheater; 13: an expander unit; m: an electric motor; g: an electric generator.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a hybrid energy storage power generation system, and further provides a hybrid energy storage power generation method based on the hybrid energy storage power generation system.
The hybrid energy storage power generation system comprises a liquid air energy storage unit and an auxiliary energy storage unit. The liquid air energy storage unit utilizes liquid air to carry out large-scale long-time energy storage technology, can realize energy storage in the electricity consumption valley period, and can release energy in the electricity consumption peak period. However, the circulation efficiency of the independent liquid air energy storage power station is low, the initial investment is large, and the benefit is not high in the area with inconspicuous peak-valley electricity price difference. Based on the problem, in the hybrid energy storage power generation system according to the embodiment of the invention, the liquid air energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit are coupled to realize hybrid connection. On one hand, the liquid air energy storage unit is utilized to execute an energy storage stage and an energy release stage; on the other hand, the hybrid action of the liquid air energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit is utilized to meet various response requirements of the power grid, such as quick start, peak shaving, frequency modulation and black start.
Specifically, the liquid air energy storage unit comprises a liquid air storage tank 9 and a working medium circulation loop. The input end of the liquid air storage tank 9 is connected with an energy storage pipeline, and the output end of the liquid air storage tank 9 is used for transmitting power to a power grid through the energy release pipeline. The working medium circulation loop comprises an heat absorption pipeline and a heat release pipeline which are connected, the heat absorption pipeline is used for heat exchange with the energy storage pipeline, and the heat release pipeline is used for heat exchange with the energy release pipeline. The auxiliary energy storage unit is respectively connected with the energy release pipeline, the heat release pipeline and the power grid.
On the one hand, the hybrid energy storage power generation system can utilize the liquid air energy storage unit to execute an energy storage stage and an energy release stage, and specifically comprises the following steps: in the energy storage stage, heat exchange is carried out between the heat exchange medium in the heat absorption pipeline of the working medium circulation loop and the air in the energy storage pipeline, so that the air is cooled and converted into liquid air which is stored in the liquid air storage tank 9, and energy storage is realized; in the energy release stage, heat exchange is carried out between the heat exchange medium in the heat release pipeline of the working medium circulation loop and the liquid air in the energy release pipeline, so that the liquid air is heated and converted into air to do work for power generation, and the energy release power generation is realized.
On the other hand, the hybrid energy storage power generation system can utilize the hybrid effect of the liquid air energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit to meet various response requirements of the power grid, such as quick start, peak shaving, frequency modulation and black start. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the energy storage executing state of the hybrid energy storage power generation system, the liquid air energy storage unit is utilized to execute the energy storage stage, and the auxiliary energy storage unit is synchronously driven to store energy, so that the synchronous energy storage of the whole system is realized, and the overall energy storage and energy storage efficiency of the system are improved. It can be understood that the hybrid energy storage power generation system can be divided into an energy consumption peak section and an energy consumption valley section according to the electricity consumption time period of the power grid, and the energy storage is preferably carried out when the power grid is in the energy consumption valley section.
In the peak shaving state of the hybrid energy storage power generation system, the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for releasing energy to the power grid and transmitting power in advance, and then the liquid air energy storage unit is used for executing an energy releasing stage. The characteristic of quick energy release response of the auxiliary energy storage unit is equivalently utilized, the blank time period generated in the initial starting stage due to insufficient response speed of the liquid air energy storage unit is filled, the response requirement of quick starting of power grid power transmission is met, and therefore the hybrid energy storage power generation system can realize flexible and efficient peak load regulation and valley filling for the power grid.
In the frequency modulation executing state of the hybrid energy storage power generation system, if the frequency of the power grid fluctuates in the power transmission process, the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for releasing energy to the power grid and transmitting power, so that the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for quickly adjusting the frequency fluctuation of the power grid, the power grid output is more stable, the response speed of the power grid frequency modulation is improved, and a more stable power grid frequency modulation effect is achieved.
In the emergency execution state of the hybrid energy storage power generation system, the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for driving the liquid air energy storage unit to execute the energy release stage, so that the response speed of the liquid air energy storage unit is increased, the energy release speed to the power grid is increased, the power-off blank period length of the power grid caused by faults is reduced, and the stable operation of the power grid is ensured.
In one embodiment, the auxiliary energy storage unit is a flywheel energy storage unit 1. As shown in fig. 1, the flywheel energy storage unit 1 includes a bidirectional drive motor 101 and a flywheel 102 connected to each other. The energy release pipeline of the liquid air energy storage unit is provided with a low-temperature pump 10, the heat release pipeline of the working medium circulation loop is provided with a heat release working medium pump 11, and the low-temperature pump 10 and the heat release working medium pump 11 are respectively connected to a bidirectional driving motor 101 or a flywheel 102.
In the energy storage state, the flywheel energy storage unit 1 stores energy physically, external electric energy drives the bidirectional driving motor 101 to operate, the bidirectional driving motor 101 drives the flywheel 102 to rotate in an accelerated manner until the flywheel 102 reaches a set certain rotating speed, in the process of accelerating rotation of the flywheel 102, the flywheel 102 stores energy in the form of kinetic energy, the process of converting the electric energy into mechanical kinetic energy is completed, and the energy is stored in the flywheel 102 rotating at a high speed.
In the peak regulation state, the frequency modulation state and the emergency state, the flywheel energy storage unit 1 is in the energy release process. The cryogenic pump 10 and the heat release working medium pump 11 are respectively connected to the bidirectional driving motor 101, so that the flywheel 102 in the energy release process can be converted into electric energy in the bidirectional driving motor 101 through mechanical energy, and the electric energy is output to a power grid through the bidirectional driving motor 101, and efficiently and quickly participate in the response of peak regulation and frequency regulation of the power grid; in addition, in an emergency state, the bidirectional driving motor 101 can utilize electric energy to control the operation of the cryogenic pump 10 and the heat-releasing working medium pump 11, so that the bidirectional driving motor can efficiently and quickly participate in the response of the black start of the power grid in the emergency state.
In each state, the cryopump 10 and the heat release working medium pump 11 can be connected to the flywheel 102 respectively, so that in an emergency state, direct connection driving effect of starting and running of the liquid air energy storage unit is achieved directly through mechanical transmission, the liquid air energy storage unit is driven to execute an energy release stage in the emergency state, the response speed of the liquid air energy storage unit in the emergency state is increased, energy loss in an energy conversion process is avoided, time loss is greatly reduced, and the effect of improving the response speed of a power grid is achieved.
It will be appreciated that the cryopump 10 mounted on the discharge line is used to pump liquid air from the liquid air storage tank 9 into the discharge line. The heat release pipeline is provided with a heat release working medium pump 11 which can drive a heat exchange medium to flow in the heat release pipeline.
Preferably, the flywheel 102 is provided with a first output shaft and a second output shaft. The bidirectional driving motor 101 is connected to a driving shaft of the flywheel 102, thereby driving the flywheel 102 to rotate using electric power. The drive shaft of the flywheel 102 is connected to a first output shaft and a second output shaft, respectively. The first output shaft is connected to the drive shaft of the cryopump 10 via a first fluid coupling 110, and the second output shaft is connected to the drive shaft of the heat-releasing working medium pump 11 via a second fluid coupling 120. The first fluid coupling 110 and the second fluid coupling 120 are switchable between a connected state and a disconnected state, respectively.
In the energy consumption peak section of the power grid, different working processes are respectively realized by the liquid air energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit according to each state of the power grid. The working state of the liquid air energy storage unit is as follows, and is not described herein again; the working states of the auxiliary energy storage units are different according to the states of the hybrid energy storage power generation system, so that different working processes are realized. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
when the hybrid energy storage power generation system is in an energy storage state, the flywheel 102 is driven to rotate by utilizing valley electricity or renewable energy through the driving shaft of the bidirectional driving motor 101, and the first hydraulic coupler 110 and the second hydraulic coupler 120 are disconnected, so that the flywheel energy storage is realized by converting electric energy into mechanical energy, and the rotation of the flywheel 102 is ensured not to cause interference on the operation of the liquid air energy storage unit. Specifically, in the energy consumption valley section of the power grid, the auxiliary energy storage unit realizes an energy storage process. Specifically, taking the flywheel energy storage unit 1 as an example, the flywheel energy storage unit is driven by valley electricity or renewable energy to generate electricity, the bidirectional driving motor 101 of the flywheel energy storage unit 1 drives the flywheel 102 to rotate at an accelerated speed until the rotating speed of the flywheel 102 is stabilized within a rotating speed range of about 30000r/min to 50000r/min, and the electric energy is converted into mechanical energy to be stored in the flywheel 102 rotating at a high speed.
When the hybrid energy storage power generation system is in a peak regulation state and a frequency modulation state, the energy release process executed by the auxiliary energy storage unit is as follows: the first fluid coupling 110 and the second fluid coupling 120 are both set to the disconnected state, so that the flywheel 102 operates by driving the bidirectional driving motor 101 in the reverse direction, and the mechanical energy stored in the rotating flywheel 102 is converted into electric energy by the bidirectional driving motor 101 and is output to the power grid.
When the hybrid energy storage power generation system is in an emergency state, the energy release process executed by the auxiliary energy storage unit is as follows: the first fluid coupling 110 and the second fluid coupling 120 are both set to be in a communicated state, so that the mechanical energy stored in the flywheel 102 is directly transmitted to the cryogenic pump 10 and the heat release working medium pump 11 by using the first output shaft and the second output shaft, mechanical direct transmission is realized, and the quick response efficiency of the system is improved.
It can be understood that, according to the mechanical transmission requirement, a speed reducer and/or a gear box are connected between the first output shaft of the flywheel 102 and the drive shaft of the cryogenic pump 10, and between the second output shaft of the flywheel 102 and the drive shaft of the heat-releasing working medium pump 11, and the specific transmission structure is not described herein again.
Understandably, the bidirectional driving motor 101 can also be used for directly converting the mechanical energy in the flywheel into electric energy in an emergency state, so that the bidirectional driving motor 101 drives the cryogenic pump 10 and the heat-releasing working medium pump 11 to operate. Specifically, the rotating flywheel 102 drives the bidirectional driving motor 101 to operate, thereby completing the energy release process from mechanical energy to electrical energy. During the energy release, the bidirectional drive motor 101 functions as a generator.
Preferably, the flywheel energy storage unit 1 includes a plurality of flywheels 102 and a plurality of bidirectional driving motors 101, and each flywheel 102 is connected with each bidirectional driving motor 101 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. On one hand, a plurality of flywheels 102 are connected to form a flywheel set, so that the starting energy supplied from the auxiliary energy storage unit to the liquid air energy storage unit in the energy release stage is increased, and the quick starting of the system is ensured to have higher response speed and more sufficient energy. On the other hand, each flywheel 102 is separately controlled by a plurality of bidirectional driving motors 101, so that one-to-one corresponding control between the bidirectional driving motors 101 and the flywheels 102 is realized, and therefore, according to the energy transmission requirement, a part of flywheels 102 in a flywheel set is controlled to drive the low-temperature pump 10 to operate, a part of flywheels 102 drive the heat-releasing working medium pump 11 to operate, and the rest flywheels 102 are used for releasing energy and transmitting power to the power grid, so that the energy output proportion of the auxiliary energy storage units in different states can be flexibly adjusted, the energy release efficiency of the hybrid energy storage power generation system is further improved, and the energy-saving and efficient effects are achieved.
In one embodiment, the liquid air energy storage unit further comprises a compressor train 2, a cooler 3, a reheater 12 and an expansion train 13. The gas heat exchange side of the compressor unit 2 and the cooler 3 is sequentially connected with the input end of the liquid air storage tank 9 through an energy storage pipeline, and the output end of the liquid air storage tank 9, the gas heat exchange side of the reheater 12 and the expansion unit 13 are sequentially connected through an energy release pipeline. The liquid air energy storage unit further comprises a regenerator 7, the regenerator 7 is provided with a first heat exchange side and a second heat exchange side, the first heat exchange side of the regenerator 7 is connected to an energy storage pipeline between the gas heat exchange side of the cooler 3 and the input end of the liquid air storage tank 9, and the second heat exchange side of the regenerator 7 is connected to an energy release pipeline between the output end of the liquid air storage tank 9 and the gas heat exchange side of the reheater 12. The liquid air energy storage unit further comprises a pressure reduction device 8, and the pressure reduction device 8 is connected to an energy storage pipeline between the first heat exchange side of the cold accumulator 7 and the input end of the liquid air storage tank 9. And a low-temperature pump 10 is connected to an energy release pipeline between the output end of the liquid air storage tank 9 and the second heat exchange side of the cold accumulator 7.
Further, the working medium circulation loop further comprises a normal-temperature storage tank 4 and a high-temperature storage tank 6, the output end of the normal-temperature storage tank 4, the working medium heat exchange side of the cooler 3 and the input end of the high-temperature storage tank 6 are connected through heat absorption pipelines, and the output end of the high-temperature storage tank 6, the working medium heat exchange side of the reheater 12 and the input end of the normal-temperature storage tank 4 are connected through heat release pipelines. The working medium circulation loop further comprises a heat absorption working medium pump 5, and the heat absorption working medium pump 5 is connected to a heat absorption pipeline between the output end of the normal-temperature storage tank 4 and the working medium heat exchange side of the cooler 3. The working medium circulation loop further comprises a heat release working medium pump 11, and the heat release working medium pump 11 is connected to a heat release pipeline between the output end of the high-temperature storage tank 6 and the working medium heat exchange side of the reheater 12; the heat release working medium pump 11 is connected with the auxiliary energy storage unit.
In the energy consumption valley section, the hybrid energy storage power generation system is in an energy storage stage, all parts on an energy storage pipeline of the liquid air energy storage unit start to work, and the auxiliary energy storage unit operates an energy storage process. The energy storage process of the auxiliary energy storage unit is as described above, and is not described herein again. In the liquid air energy storage unit, a compressor unit 2 driven by valley electricity or renewable energy power generation compresses air at normal temperature and normal pressure to high temperature and high pressure, the generated compression heat is obtained by a heat exchange medium in a cooler 3, the heat exchange medium flowing through a heat absorption pipeline in a working medium circulation loop is pressurized by a normal temperature storage tank 4 through a heat absorption working medium pump 5 and flows into a working medium heat exchange side of the cooler 3 to participate in heat exchange, and the heat exchange medium obtains heat, rises in temperature and is stored in a high temperature storage tank 6. The high-temperature and high-pressure air in the energy storage pipeline is cooled to normal temperature in the cooler 3 and enters the cold accumulation device 7 to obtain cold energy, so that the cold energy is changed into high-pressure and low-temperature air, and then the air flows through the pressure reduction device 8 to be changed into normal-pressure liquid air which is stored in the liquid air storage tank 9.
Understandably, the compressor string 2 is connected to an electric motor M. The expander train 13 is connected to a generator G.
It can be understood that the above-mentioned air state at normal temperature and normal pressure is about 1atm, and the temperature is 20 deg.C to 30 deg.C. The compressor units 2 are preferably each composed of a connection structure in which multiple compressors are connected in series or in parallel. In the same way, the expansion unit 13 is preferably composed of a connection structure of multiple stages of expansion machines connected in series or in parallel. The pressure reducing device 8 may be a throttle valve or a liquid expander. The cold accumulation device 7 can be one-stage or multi-stage cold accumulator. The cold storage medium adopted in the cold storage device 7 can be at least one of liquid phase, solid phase and phase change material. The heat exchange medium flowing through the working medium circulation loop can be heat conduction oil or pressurized water.
It is understood that the excess compression heat can be used for producing domestic hot water, and the heat source of the reheater 12 can be solar photo-thermal, industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, etc.
The hybrid energy storage power generation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is executed by the hybrid energy storage power generation system. The hybrid energy storage power generation method can execute an energy storage state, a peak regulation state, a frequency modulation state and an emergency state.
The energy storage state comprises the following steps: the energy storage pipeline of the liquid air energy storage unit exchanges heat with the heat absorption pipeline of the working medium circulation loop so as to convert the air into liquid air and store the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank 9; and driving the auxiliary energy storage unit to store energy. The specific process is described in the above embodiments, and is not described herein again.
The peak shaving state comprises the following steps: before the liquid air energy storage unit is driven to transmit power to the power grid through the energy release pipeline, the auxiliary energy storage unit is driven to release energy to the power grid in advance and transmit power. The specific process is described in the above embodiments, and is not described herein again.
The frequency modulation state comprises the following steps: when the frequency of the power grid fluctuates in the power transmission process, the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for releasing energy to the power grid and transmitting power. It can be understood that in the frequency modulation state, the liquid air energy storage unit does not work, and the auxiliary energy storage unit releases energy through quick response to the power grid, so that the frequency modulation work of the power grid transmission is realized. The specific process is described in the above embodiments, and is not described herein again.
The emergency state comprises: the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for driving liquid air to flow into the energy release pipeline from the output end of the liquid air storage tank 9, and the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for driving a heat exchange medium to flow in the heat release pipeline; and the liquid air in the energy release pipeline is driven to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat release pipeline, so that the liquid air flowing through the energy release pipeline can do work to generate power after being heated. The specific process is described in the above embodiments, and is not described herein again.
Therefore, the hybrid energy storage power generation method is executed by the hybrid energy storage power generation system, so that the hybrid energy storage power generation method has all the advantages of the hybrid energy storage power generation system, and is not described herein again.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A hybrid energy storage power generation system, comprising:
the liquid air energy storage unit comprises a liquid air storage tank (9) and a working medium circulation loop, wherein the input end of the liquid air storage tank (9) is connected with an energy storage pipeline, and the output end of the liquid air storage tank (9) is used for transmitting power to a power grid through an energy release pipeline; the working medium circulation loop comprises an heat absorption pipeline and a heat release pipeline which are connected, the heat absorption pipeline is used for exchanging heat with the energy storage pipeline, and the heat release pipeline is used for exchanging heat with the energy release pipeline;
the auxiliary energy storage unit is respectively connected with the energy release pipeline, the heat release pipeline and the power grid;
the auxiliary energy storage unit is a flywheel energy storage unit (1), and the flywheel energy storage unit (1) comprises a bidirectional driving motor (101) and a flywheel (102) which are connected; the energy release pipeline is provided with a low-temperature pump (10), the heat release pipeline is provided with a heat release working medium pump (11), and the low-temperature pump (10) and the heat release working medium pump (11) are respectively connected to the bidirectional driving motor (101) or the flywheel (102);
the flywheel (102) is provided with a first output shaft and a second output shaft, the first output shaft is connected with a driving shaft of the cryogenic pump (10) through a first hydraulic coupler (110), and the second output shaft is connected with a driving shaft of the heat-releasing working medium pump (11) through a second hydraulic coupler (120); the first hydraulic coupler (110) and the second hydraulic coupler (120) can be switched between a connected state and a disconnected state respectively;
the flywheel energy storage unit (1) comprises a plurality of flywheels (102) and a plurality of bidirectional driving motors (101), and the flywheels (102) are respectively connected with the bidirectional driving motors (101) in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
2. The hybrid energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid air energy storage unit further comprises a compressor unit (2), a cooler (3), a reheater (12) and an expansion unit (13), the compressor unit (2), the gas heat exchange side of the cooler (3) and the input end of the liquid air storage tank (9) are sequentially connected through the energy storage pipeline, and the output end of the liquid air storage tank (9), the gas heat exchange side of the reheater (12) and the expansion unit (13) are sequentially connected through the energy release pipeline.
3. The hybrid energy storage and power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the liquid air energy storage unit further comprises a cold accumulator (7), the cold accumulator (7) is provided with a first heat exchange side and a second heat exchange side, the first heat exchange side of the cold accumulator (7) is connected to the energy storage pipeline between the gas heat exchange side of the cooler (3) and the input end of the liquid air storage tank (9), and the second heat exchange side of the cold accumulator (7) is connected to the energy release pipeline between the output end of the liquid air storage tank (9) and the gas heat exchange side of the reheater (12).
4. A hybrid energy-storage and power-generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that the liquid air energy storage unit further comprises a pressure-reducing device (8), the pressure-reducing device (8) being connected to the energy storage line between the first heat-exchanging side of the cold accumulator (7) and the input of the liquid air storage tank (9).
5. A hybrid energy-storing and generating system according to claim 3, characterized in that the cryogenic pump (10) is connected to the energy-releasing line between the output of the liquid air storage tank (9) and the second heat-exchanging side of the cold accumulator (7).
6. The hybrid energy-storage power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the working medium circulation loop further comprises a normal-temperature storage tank (4) and a high-temperature storage tank (6), the output end of the normal-temperature storage tank (4), the working medium heat exchange side of the cooler (3) and the input end of the high-temperature storage tank (6) are connected through the heat absorption pipeline, and the output end of the high-temperature storage tank (6), the working medium heat exchange side of the reheater (12) and the input end of the normal-temperature storage tank (4) are connected through the heat release pipeline.
7. The hybrid energy-storage power generation system according to claim 6, wherein the working medium circulation loop further comprises a heat absorption working medium pump (5), and the heat absorption working medium pump (5) is connected to the heat absorption pipeline between the output end of the normal-temperature storage tank (4) and the working medium heat exchange side of the cooler (3).
8. Hybrid energy-storage power-generating system according to claim 6, characterized in that the heat-releasing working medium pump (11) is connected to the heat-releasing pipeline between the output of the high-temperature storage tank (6) and the working medium heat-exchanging side of the reheater (12).
9. A hybrid energy storage power generation method, characterized by being performed by the hybrid energy storage power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8; the hybrid energy storage power generation method can execute an energy storage state, a peak regulation state, a frequency modulation state and an emergency state;
the energy storage state comprises:
the energy storage pipeline of the liquid air energy storage unit exchanges heat with the heat absorption pipeline of the working medium circulation loop so as to convert air into liquid air and store the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank (9); driving the auxiliary energy storage unit to store energy;
the peak shaving state comprises:
before the liquid air energy storage unit is driven to transmit power to a power grid through an energy release pipeline, an auxiliary energy storage unit is driven in advance to release energy to the power grid and transmit power;
the frequency modulation state comprises:
when the frequency of the power grid fluctuates in the power transmission process, the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for releasing energy to the power grid and transmitting power;
the emergency state comprises:
the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for driving liquid air to flow into the energy release pipeline from the output end of the liquid air storage tank (9), and the auxiliary energy storage unit is used for driving a heat exchange medium to flow in the heat release pipeline; and driving the liquid air in the energy release pipeline to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat release pipeline, so that the liquid air flowing through the energy release pipeline can do work to generate power after being heated.
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