CN112232599A - Public health event emergency medical facility site selection method based on POI data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a public health incident emergency medical facility site selection method based on POI data, which dynamically updates urban POI and a traffic network by taking a half year or one year as a period, and sets the emergency medical facility selected at the last stage as a necessary option to realize dynamic site selection. In view of reducing risks caused by disordered flow of people in public health emergencies, a multi-stage emergency medical facility service system needs to be established, the walking distance of a life circle with the time impedance of 15 minutes is set as a constraint through a position distribution model, and community-level emergency medical facilities are distributed to each residential point of a city; and setting the time impedance as 30 minutes of vehicle running, and distributing central-level emergency medical facilities for all community-level emergency medical facilities. The invention improves the scientificity of making and deciding the site selection planning scheme of the urban emergency medical facility and can ensure the sustainable and efficient utilization of emergency medical resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of urban planning, and particularly relates to a rapid response disaster prevention and reduction method for sudden public health events based on POI data and a geographic information system.
Background
With the rapid development of urbanization, the connection among cities is increasingly deepened, and when the cities face sudden public health events, whether the cities can realize rapid response through reasonable decisions and whether the cities can control the diffusion of the sudden public health events is determined. At present, the method for selecting the site of the medical facility at home and abroad mainly focuses on the relationship between regional population distribution and doctors, beds, funds, emergency disaster relief capability and the like of the medical facility, and then performs site selection analysis by combining a buffer zone or a medical facility service area determined by a Thiessen polygon; or the P-median model, the P-center model, the maximum coverage model, the position set coverage model and the like are independently utilized for site selection analysis.
When a public health accident happens suddenly, community closed management and timely virus detection and isolation of residents are effective measures for reducing epidemic spread, infected residents are timely conveyed to high-grade emergency medical facilities for isolation and treatment, and the cure rate can be effectively improved. At present, a community-level and high-level emergency medical facility site selection method aiming at emergent public health events is lacked. The existing medical facility site selection method does not consider the city as an open and dynamic complex huge system, most of the existing medical facility site selection method utilizes static data, does not consider that the emergency medical facility aiming at the emergent public health incident should be subjected to long-term sustainable dynamic site selection and adjustment, and is difficult to ensure the scientificity of the site selection result of the emergency medical facility.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the scheme provides a public health incident emergency medical facility site selection method based on POI data. The poi (point of interest) data is also called interest point data, and includes data of basic information such as facility types, longitude and latitude coordinates, addresses and the like of cities.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a technical route for basic data arrangement in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) urban POI data acquisition: the POI data comprises data of each resident point in a city, data of each medical facility in the city, data of each open space in the city and data of each large public building in the city.
Acquiring and arranging urban basic traffic network data: and acquiring all levels of traffic network information of the city including all main roads, secondary roads and branches of the city by using the OSM open source map.
Acquiring urban real-time traffic data: and acquiring the traffic time information of each urban road segment in real time by using the electronic map service application interface, and performing the urban real-time traffic information on the basis of the traffic time information.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for establishing a file geographic information database and a technical route for constructing an urban traffic network model, comprising the following steps:
and establishing a file geographic information database under the Geographic Information System (GIS) for site selection analysis of the emergency medical facility under the emergent public health event.
And constructing a technical route of the urban traffic network model, and establishing the urban traffic network model for simulating the real-time traffic passing condition of the city.
The third aspect of the invention provides dynamic acquisition and update of each basic data of the city, which utilizes the connection of the attribute table of the geographic information system to automatically compare and update the information in the geographic information database, and carries out site selection and distribution of the emergency medical facility according to a certain period (half a year or a year) on the basis.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides a method for solving a location allocation model of staged and graded emergency medical facilities, which comprises the following steps:
the city real-time traffic information is calculated and input: and matching the urban real-time traffic information with the geographic information system by utilizing a field calculator in combination with the urban real-time traffic information acquired by the second aspect of the embodiment of the scheme.
The community-level emergency medical facility is solved in a staged manner: solving by taking the residential points as request points, taking each small medical facility in the city as candidate item facility points and taking the community-level emergency medical facility determined by solving in the previous stage as an indispensable facility point, wherein the solving principle of the community-level emergency medical facility is as follows:
in the formula: i-residential point code (i ═ 1,2 … … n)
j-candidate Community-level Emergency medical facility code (j ═ 1,2 … … m)
xj-candidate community-level emergency medical facility j is 1 when used as a community-level emergency medical facility, otherwise is 0
S-number of selected Community level Emergency medical facility points
NiThe total number of community-level emergency medical facilities within the reachable radius of the residential site i
An objective function (equation 1) to ensure that the total number of selected community-level emergency medical facility points is minimized; the constraint (equation 1a) is used to ensure that each of the residential sites is served by at least one of the community-level emergency medical facilities; constraint (equation 1b) xj1 denotes a candidateThe community-level emergency medical facility j is determined to be the community-level emergency medical facility, namely the candidate community-level emergency medical facility j can serve at least 1 residential point under the condition of 15min walking reachability, and otherwise 0 is taken.
Solving by the central-level emergency medical facility: analyzing and solving by taking the determined community-level emergency medical facilities as request points, taking the open spaces of the urban three-purpose comprehensive hospitals, large parks and the like, taking the urban large public buildings as candidate item facility points, and taking the central-level emergency medical facilities determined by the site selection analysis in the previous stage as necessary item facility points, wherein the solving principle of the central-level emergency medical facilities is as follows:
in the formula: e-center level emergency medical facility code (e ═ 1,2 … … k)
f-candidate center-level Emergency medical facility code (f ═ 1,2 … … l)
yf-candidate center-level emergency medical facility f is 1 when used as center-level emergency medical facility, otherwise is 0
Z-number of selected center-level Emergency medical facility points
MeThe total number of center-level emergency medical facilities within the reachable radius of the community-level emergency medical facility e
An objective function (equation 2) to ensure that the total number of selected hub-level emergency medical facility points is minimized; the constraint condition (formula 2a) is used for ensuring that each community-level emergency medical facility is served by at least one central-level emergency medical facility; constraint (equation 2b) yfTable 1 (the attached drawings)And determining the candidate central-level emergency medical facility f as the central-level emergency medical facility, namely, the candidate central-level emergency medical facility f can serve at least 1 community-level emergency medical facility under the condition that the ambulance can reach 30min, and otherwise, taking 0.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention has the following beneficial effects: the emergency medical facility site selection is carried out by utilizing the multi-source data such as the city POI, the city basic road network data, the city real-time traffic data and the like, and the emergency response under the emergent public health incident can be realized by fully utilizing the existing city resources;
2. secondly, the method realizes the site selection of the community-level emergency medical facility and the site selection of the central-level emergency medical facility, distributes the nearest community-level emergency medical facility to each residential point of the city under the emergency public health event, distributes the nearest central-level emergency medical facility to each community-level emergency medical facility, and is beneficial to reducing the spread of the emergency public health event such as epidemic situation;
3. thirdly, the method realizes dynamic site selection, dynamic updating and checking of data are carried out by taking the dynamic change of POI data such as residential points, medical facility points and the like into consideration and taking half a year or one year as a period, and site selection analysis of community-level and central-level emergency medical facilities is carried out on the basis of the updated data, so that the accuracy and the real-time performance of the solved result are ensured;
4. fourthly, the method realizes the staged site selection, and the emergency medical facilities at all levels determined at the previous stage are set as necessary site selection points in the new round of site selection, so that the efficient utilization of government medical facility resources can be effectively promoted and the waste is avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of POI data collection in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 3 is POI data field information obtained according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of data collection for an urban base traffic network according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a traffic network data collected in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the real-time traffic data collection of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of real-time traffic data collected in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the present invention for creating a file geographic information database;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of steps for establishing a traffic network according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 illustrates a traffic network model constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating dynamic update of basic data according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a community-level emergency medical facility solution of the present invention;
FIG. 13 illustrates community-level emergency medical facilities solved by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is an updated community-level emergency medical facility solved by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a flow chart of a central-level emergency medical facility solution of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a center-level emergency medical facility solved by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is an updated central-level emergency medical facility solved by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 15: the invention discloses a public health incident emergency medical facility site selection method based on POI data, which comprises the following steps:
1, basic data arrangement, specifically comprising:
1.1, urban POI data acquisition: the method for acquiring the real-time POI information of the city by using the electronic map service application interface through the network information acquisition, analysis and extraction technology is shown in fig. 2, and the acquired data comprises each residential point, each medical facility, each open space and each large public building of the city. Each type of POI has OBJECTID, NAME, DATE, ADDRESS, city, lng, lat information fields. In the POI field information, an object field is the number of each POI, a NAME field is the NAME of each POI, DATE is the acquisition time of each POI, a city field is the city where each POI is located, an long field is the longitude of each POI, and a lat field is the latitude of each POI, and the basic information of the POIs is shown in fig. 3.
1.2, the urban basic traffic network data: as shown in fig. 4, the data of the urban basic traffic network is acquired through an Open Street Map (OSM), and the data includes the following information: the urban basic traffic network data are shown in figure 5.
1.3 the city real-time traffic data: the operation flow is shown in figure 6, the obtained result is shown in figure 7, and the actual driving speed of each road section in the city is calculated by the operation flow to be used as the city real-time traffic data. 2, establishing the file geographic information database and a traffic network model, specifically comprising:
2.1 establishing the file geographic information database: and establishing the file Geographic database by utilizing the Geographic Information System (GIS). Specifically, the operation is to create the file geographic information database under the link of the directory list folder in ArcGIS, and import the POI data of each city and the basic traffic network data of the city into the created file geographic database, and the operation flow is shown in fig. 8.
2.2, establishing the traffic network model: by utilizing ArcGIS software, firstly, newly building an element data set in the built file geographic database, setting a coordinate system WGS 1984UTM Zone, setting an XY tolerance to be 0.001Meter and a Z tolerance to be 0.001, and importing the urban basic traffic network data into the element data set. And secondly, building a network data set under the element data set, adding the urban basic traffic network data serving as element classes into the network data set, constructing a turning model in the network model, and modeling the elevation of the network element by using an elevation field. Next, respectively assigning time cost and distance cost to the network data, wherein the time cost is the time of passing through each road section and is in minutes; the distance cost is the distance of each road section, the distance is taken as a unit of meter, and the data types are double-precision floating point type data. Setting a travel mode as walking and a motor vehicle respectively, and setting impedance as distance cost length (meter) when the travel mode is walking; when the travel mode is the motor vehicle, the impedance is set to the time cost (minutes). And setting a driving direction for the network data set, correspondingly setting the road sections actually controlled by traffic according to specific traffic control means, and simulating the actual road passing condition. And finally, obtaining abstract information of the traffic network model, checking whether the relevant settings are accurate, and finishing the establishment of the traffic network model after checking that no errors exist. The operation flow is shown in fig. 9, and the obtained result is shown in fig. 10.
And 3, dynamically acquiring and updating the urban POI data and the urban basic traffic network data according to a half-year or one-year cycle, and specifically comprising the following steps:
3.1 dynamic acquisition of the city POI data and the city basic traffic network data: and dynamically acquiring the urban POI data and the traffic network data by utilizing the Internet information acquisition, analysis and extraction technology at a time interval of every half year or every year.
3.2, dynamically updating the urban POI data and the urban basic traffic network data: and connecting the dynamically acquired urban POI data and urban basic traffic network data with the existing urban POI data and urban basic traffic network data in the geographic information database by using an attribute table connecting tool in the ArcGIS software, and checking whether the original urban POI data and the original urban basic traffic network data are changed. And modifying the changed data so as to complete the dynamic update of the urban POI data and the urban basic traffic network data, wherein the operation flow is shown in FIG. 11.
4, the site selection and solution of the emergency medical facility specifically comprises the following steps:
4.1, calculating and inputting the real-time traffic parameter information of the city, namely performing reverse operation on the traffic speed of each road section by using the real-time traffic data acquired by the method in the step 1.3 through a formula 3 to serve as the parameter information of the real-time traffic of the city and inputting the parameter information into the city basic traffic network data under the file geographic information database.
In the formula
i-as the starting point of the road section
j-is the end point of the road section
vijSpeed for road section ij
dij-the length of a road section ij is derived from the road section length field in the urban basic traffic network data
tij-deriving real-time traffic data from the acquired real-time traffic data for the time taken to traverse the section ij
4.2 the community-level emergency medical facility solves: the community-level emergency medical facility function is to provide the residential site within a 15 minute walk range with emergency diagnostics and temporary isolation for the emergent public health event. The solving steps are as follows: firstly, entering ArcGIS software, opening Network analysis (Network analysis module) under an expansion module, and building a position distribution layer under the module. And next, loading the position of the request point, taking each residential point in the geographic information database as the request point, introducing the request point into the position distribution map layer, setting the Weight field (Weight) as the population number of each residential point, and setting the direction of leaving the traffic network to reach the destination point as one side of a (CurbAproach) road. And next, loading the position of the Facility point, taking medical facilities of hospitals lower than the third-class A and the like in each small clinic and in the geographic information database as the position of the Facility point, and setting the Type of the Facility (Facility Type) as a candidate item. The next step is to set the Weight (Weight) to the volume of the patient that each point of care facility can accommodate, the location positioning selection uses geometry, and the search tolerance is set to 800- & 1200 meters (approximately 15 minutes distance for a person walking). And opening a Network analysis window, entering advanced setting of the position distribution layer attribute, selecting the problem type as the minimum facility point number, and setting impedance interruption to be 15min, namely, taking walking for 15 minutes as a constraint condition. Next, a solving button is clicked, current analysis is performed, the solved community-level emergency medical facility is obtained, the operation flow is shown in fig. 12, and the obtained result is shown in fig. 13.
4.3, dynamically updating the community-level emergency medical facility in stages, firstly entering ArcGIS software, opening Network analysis (Network analysis module) under an expansion module, and building a position distribution map layer under the module. And next, loading the position of a request point, taking each resident point in the updated geographic information database in the step 3 as the request point, importing the request point into the position distribution map layer, setting the Weight field (Weight) as the population number of each resident point, and setting the direction of leaving the traffic network to reach the destination point as one side of a (CurbAproach) road. Next, Facility point positions are loaded, medical facilities of the updated small clinics and hospitals lower than the third-level A are loaded as Facility points, the Facility positions are loaded, and Facility types (Facility types) are set as candidate items. And next, loading the determined community-level emergency medical facility position of the site selection of the previous stage, and setting the facility type of the community-level emergency medical facility as a necessary option to realize the dynamic site selection of the stages. The next step is to set the Weight (Weight) to the volume of the patient that each point of care facility can accommodate, the location positioning selection uses geometry, and the search tolerance is set to 800- & 1200 meters (approximately 15 minutes distance for a person walking). And opening a Network analysis window, entering advanced setting of the position distribution layer attribute, selecting the problem type as the minimum facility point number, and setting impedance interruption to be 15min, namely, taking walking for 15 minutes as a constraint condition. Next, a solving button is clicked, the current analysis is operated, the solved community-level emergency medical facility is obtained, and the obtained result is shown in fig. 14.
4.4 the central-level emergency medical facility solves: the central-level emergency medical facility has the function of accommodating severe patients which are difficult to diagnose and treat by various community-level emergency medical facilities, and is used as a city-level centralized accommodating diagnosis and treatment facility under the emergent public health incident. The solving steps are as follows: firstly, entering ArcGIS software, opening Network analysis (Network analysis module) under the expansion module, and building a position distribution layer under the module. And next, loading the position of a request point, introducing the community-level emergency medical facilities solved by 4.2 as the request point into the position distribution map layer, setting the Weight field (Weight) as the patient accommodating capacity of each community-level emergency medical facility, and setting the direction of leaving the traffic network to reach the destination point as one side of a (CurbAproach) road. And next, loading the position of a Facility point, taking the open space of the third-level A and other comprehensive hospitals, large public buildings, large parks and other cities in the geographic information database as the Facility point, loading the position of the Facility point, and setting the Facility Type (Facility Type) as a candidate item. And setting the Weight (Weight) as the number of emergency medical cabins which can be accommodated by each hospital three and large public buildings and large open spaces, selecting a network position field for position positioning, and selecting the real-time traffic parameters which are inverted in the step 4.1 as the network position field. And opening a Network analysis window, entering advanced setting of the position distribution layer attribute, selecting the problem type as the minimum facility point number, and setting impedance interruption to be 30min, namely, the ambulance can reach 30min as a constraint condition. Next, click a solving button, run the current analysis, the operation flow is shown in fig. 15, and the obtained result is shown in fig. 16.
4.5 the central-level emergency medical facility is dynamically updated: and (3) loading the updated urban open spaces of the third-level class A and other comprehensive hospitals, large public buildings, large parks and the like as Facility points, loading the location of the Facility points, and setting the Facility Type (Facility Type) as a candidate item. And next, loading the position of the central-level emergency medical facility determined by the previous-stage site selection, setting the facility type of the central-level emergency medical facility as a necessary option, and realizing the staged dynamic site selection of the central-level emergency medical facility. And opening a Network analysis window, entering advanced setting of the position distribution layer attribute, selecting the problem type as the minimum facility point number, and setting impedance interruption to be 30min, namely, the ambulance can reach 30min as a constraint condition. Next click the solve button and run the current analysis, the result is shown in fig. 17.
While the foregoing description shows and describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A public health incident emergency medical facility site selection method based on POI data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) basic data sorting: acquiring urban POI information through an electronic map service application interface by utilizing network information acquisition, analysis and extraction technology; acquiring urban basic traffic network data by using an Open Street Map (OSM); issuing parameters containing coordinate information of the starting point and the ending point of each road section through the electronic map service application interface, and acquiring driving travel time consumption information of each road section calculated according to urban real-time traffic information;
(2) establishing a file geographic information database and a traffic network model: the method comprises the steps of establishing a file geographic information database by utilizing a file geographic information system (ArcGIS software); converting the urban basic traffic network data into the traffic network model by utilizing ArcGIS software;
(3) and acquiring the urban POI information and the urban basic traffic network data again by taking a half year or one year as a period, and reserving the community-level emergency medical facilities and the central-level emergency medical facilities which are still effective in the previous period: acquiring city POI information and basic traffic network data by using network information acquisition, analysis and extraction technology at a time interval of half a year or one year, and re-assigning the changed city POI and the changed city basic traffic network by using an attribute table connection tool in ArcGIS software;
(4) site selection and solution of emergency medical facilities: the method comprises the steps of utilizing a position distribution model in ArcGIS software and combining the driving time of each road section in the urban real-time traffic data; in the aspect of solving community-level emergency medical facilities, request point parameters are set as each resident point of the city, necessary facility point parameters are set as the community-level emergency medical facilities with the determined address in the previous period, candidate facility point parameters are set as the rest small medical facilities, and time impedance is set as walking for 15 minutes, so that 15-minute living circle distance constraint is realized; in the aspect of solving the central-level emergency medical facility, the parameter of the change request point is the community-level emergency medical facility point, the parameter of the optional facility point is the central-level emergency medical facility determined in the previous period, the parameter of the optional facility point is the comprehensive hospitals of other large open spaces of the city, large public buildings, third-level first-level buildings of the city and the like, and the time impedance is combined with the real-time traffic information of each section of the city to set that the ambulance runs for 30 minutes.
2. The POI data-based emergency medical facility location method for public health events of claim 1, wherein: the city POI data comprises city residential points, medical facilities, a large park open space, a large public building name, longitude and latitude coordinates and numbering information.
3. The POI data-based emergency medical facility location method for public health events of claim 1, wherein: the road traffic network data is obtained from the Open Street Map (OSM) by using an internet information analysis and extraction technology, and comprises main roads, secondary roads and branch roads of each city.
4. The POI data-based emergency medical facility location method for public health events of claim 1, wherein: the urban real-time traffic data comprises longitude and latitude coordinate information of starting points and finishing points of different road sections, driving mileage and driving time consumption information.
5. The POI data-based emergency medical facility location method for public health events of claim 1, wherein: the position distribution model is based on the minimum facility point number, and the site selection of each level of emergency medical facilities is realized through the modification of impedance interruption, search tolerance, request points and facility point parameters.
6. The POI data-based emergency medical facility location method for public health events of claim 1, wherein: and the community-level emergency medical facilities use each residential point of a city as a request point, and the community-level emergency medical facilities determined in the previous stage are used as necessary facility points for site selection analysis.
7. The POI data-based public health incident emergency medical facility site selection method of claim 1, wherein the central-level emergency medical facility uses the community-level emergency medical facilities in the city as a request point, uses a comprehensive hospital such as the third and fourth hospitals in the city, a large open space and a large public building as candidate facility points, and uses the central-level emergency medical facility determined at the previous stage as a necessary facility point.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112862176A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-28 | 上海元卓信息科技有限公司 | Public service facility site selection method and device |
| CN113344370A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Emergency unit division method and device based on urban road network and regional function |
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