CN112231868A - Spraying pipe network and layout optimization method thereof - Google Patents

Spraying pipe network and layout optimization method thereof Download PDF

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CN112231868A
CN112231868A CN202010944974.0A CN202010944974A CN112231868A CN 112231868 A CN112231868 A CN 112231868A CN 202010944974 A CN202010944974 A CN 202010944974A CN 112231868 A CN112231868 A CN 112231868A
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pipe network
layout
spray
pipe
water
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许丁
李同涛
杜坤
夏诣
谭东梅
侯邑
卢慢
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Yunnan Design Institute Group Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a spraying pipe network and a layout optimization method thereof, and belongs to the field of fire safety of urban water supply pipe networks. The method comprises the following steps: determining a layout object, a constraint condition and an evaluation standard; performing hydraulic calculation on the automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system pipe network by using pipe network hydraulic calculation software EPANET; calling an EPANET programmer tool box program in the MATLAB to optimize the spraying pipe network; and carrying out constraint condition inspection and layout adjustment on the layout optimization scheme obtained by solving to obtain a final layout scheme. The invention can intelligently optimize the layout, greatly improve the working efficiency and reduce the manufacturing cost as much as possible under the condition that the water spraying strength in the action area meets the requirement.

Description

Spraying pipe network and layout optimization method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fire safety, and particularly relates to a spraying pipe network and a layout optimization method thereof.
Background
The automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system fully utilizes water to extinguish fire, and has high fire extinguishing performance. With the enhancement of economic strength, soundness of legal method and continuous and deep research on water-spraying fire-extinguishing mechanism, the automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system will occupy a position with a light weight in the fire-fighting system of China.
The design of the spraying system, the determination of the danger level, the calculation of the design flow, the selection and the arrangement of the spray heads, the selection and the arrangement of other system components, the arrangement of the water distribution pipes, the determination of the pipe diameters and the like are indispensable steps. Wherein, the arrangement form of pipe network is crucial, and the reason is that spraying system's pipe network arrangement form can influence the pipe diameter, and the two can influence the water conservancy calculation of pipeline to influence the design flow of entire system, water pump lift, water spray intensity in the area of action, fire extinguishing effect, still influence entire system's cost simultaneously. The optimal design of the pipeline layout refers to that in a given layout space, the arrangement of the pipelines is reasonably arranged to meet necessary constraint conditions, so that certain optimal indexes are achieved. The reasonable layout design of the pipeline is beneficial to the installation, operation and maintenance of the pipeline, so that under the condition of reaching the optimal index, the material is saved most, the manufacturing cost is lowest, and further, how to perform layout optimization from the technical perspective is worthy of research.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a spraying pipe network and a layout optimization method thereof.
The EPANET software is mainly applied to hydraulic analysis of a pressure pipe network, and can be used for modeling, calculating and running an unreduced pipe network under a Windows system, so that the operation is simple, and the interface is clear. And current research proves that the software is accurate and applicable in the hydraulic calculation of the water distribution network of the spraying system. The calculations performed with this software are reasonably efficient. MATLAB is a numerical calculation software introduced by MathWorks corporation, and comprises toolboxes in various fields of professional design and scientific research. MATLAB can realize the data transmission between the platforms fast, consequently uses MATLAB to call EPANET can realize the optimization of spraying pipe network fast.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is completed by the following technical scheme:
a spray pipe network layout optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, drawing a pipe network layout plan of the worst layer in the spraying system in CAD, and leading the pipe network layout plan into EPANET.
And 2, defining the spray head in the spray system as a nozzle in the software, wherein the specific method is to connect a flow calculation formula of the spray head with a nozzle water yield calculation formula in the software to ensure that the flow calculation formula is equal to the nozzle water yield calculation formula in the software.
And 3, defining the pipe diameter and pipe length information of each pipe section in the spraying system and the pressure of the initial point of the water distribution network, and further establishing a hydraulic model for calculation.
And 4, optimizing the spraying pipe network in the MATLAB, and carrying out constraint condition inspection and layout adjustment on the layout optimization scheme obtained by solving to obtain a final layout scheme, so that the water spraying strength meets the requirement and the manufacturing cost is lowest.
Further, step (1) is preceded by: analyzing the layout object, and determining the layout object, constraint conditions and evaluation criteria; the constraint condition is that the water spraying strength meets the requirement, and the evaluation standard is that the manufacturing cost is lowest.
Further, the step (2) is performed as follows:
the relationship between the discharge rate and the pressure of the nozzle in the EPANET is shown as the following formula (1):
q=Cpγ (1)
in the formula: q-nozzle outlet flow, L/s; c-diffusion coefficient; p-nozzle operating pressure, mH2O; -coefficient of pressure;
the flow formula of the spray head is shown as formula (2):
Figure BDA0002674987880000021
in the formula: k-the flow coefficient of the spray head;
the combined type (1) and the formula (2) obtain:
Figure BDA0002674987880000022
further, in the step (3), the following steps are specifically performed:
step 3.1: defining the pipe length and pipe diameter information of each pipe section in the EPANET, and converting the local head loss into the pipe length;
step 3.2: calculating the diffusion coefficient C of the selected spray head in the EPANET according to the formula (3), defining the node in the action area of the system as a nozzle, and defining the other nodes as common water consumption nodes and the basic water demand of each node as 0;
step 3.3: selecting the inlet pressure of the starting end of the pipe network to perform primary hydraulic calculation, checking the water spray intensity in the area enclosed by the spray heads at the least favorable positions, if the water spray intensity is equal to or slightly greater than the specification, the flow of the pipe section at the starting end of the pipe network is the design flow, and otherwise, adjusting the inlet pressure of the starting end of the pipe network;
step 3.4: calculating the loss of the system vertical pipe along the way and the local head according to the design flow obtained in the step 3.3, wherein the water supply pressure at the inlet of the spraying system or the required pump lift is as follows:
H=∑h+P0+Z;
wherein, P0The pressure of the inlet of the pipe network at the worst layer is obtained, Σ h is the accumulated value of the local head loss along the way of the system vertical pipe, and Z is the lowest water level height difference between the inlet of the pipe network at the worst layer and the fire pool.
Further, in step 3.3, the inlet pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa.
Further, the step (4) is specifically performed as follows:
step 4.1: calling an EPANET programmer's kit in MATLAB, running the hydraulic model.
Step 4.2: and acquiring the working pressure of each node and the outflow of the spray head.
Step 4.3: checking the water spray intensity in the enclosed area of 4 nozzles at least in favor, if the water spray intensity is equal to or slightly greater than the specification, the flow of the pipe section at the starting end of the pipe network is the design flow, otherwise, adjusting the inlet pressure at the starting end of the pipe network.
Step 4.4: and calculating the cost by adopting a pricing mode of a project amount list according to pipelines used by the spraying pipe network.
Step 4.5: adjusting the layout of the spraying pipe network, and repeating the steps 4.1-4.4.
The invention also relates to a spraying pipe network based on the layout of the optimization method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method is realized by simulating the spray head by using the nozzle in the EPANET software, and the method for establishing the hydraulic model for the spraying system to perform hydraulic calculation is reasonable, efficient, scientific and rigorous. The hydraulic calculation of the spraying system is complex, and particularly, the calculation amount is large for the annular pipe network. If the manual calculation is adopted, the time consumption is long, the error is large, and the EPANET computer software is adopted to establish the hydraulic model to carry out the hydraulic calculation on the spraying system, so that the efficiency can be improved, and the method is a mode which can be widely popularized.
The invention calls EPANET programmer toolbox programming in MATLAB, the algorithm is completed based on the built-in function of EPANET software, and the pipe network system file is not required to be modified or extra codes are not required to be written to solve the pipe network hydraulic equation, thus having the advantages of high calculation efficiency and good stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the optimal layout result according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present embodiments does not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. "Upper," "lower," "left," "right," "lateral," "vertical," and the like are used solely in relation to the orientation of the components in the figures, and these directional terms are relative terms that are used for descriptive and clarity purposes and that can vary accordingly depending on the orientation in which the components in the figures are placed.
As shown in fig. 1, in the spray pipe network layout optimization method based on intelligent optimization according to the embodiment, firstly, a layout object is analyzed, and the layout object, constraint conditions and evaluation criteria are determined; the constraint condition is that the water spray intensity meets the requirement, the evaluation standard is that the manufacturing cost is lowest, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and drawing a pipe network layout plan of the worst layer in the spraying system in the CAD, and introducing the pipe network layout plan into the EPANET by using Dxf2epa software.
Step 2: the method is characterized in that a flow calculation formula of the spray head and a nozzle water yield calculation formula in the software are combined to be equal, and the method is specifically carried out as follows:
step 2.1: the relationship between the discharge rate and the pressure of the nozzle in the EPANET is shown as the following formula (1):
q=Cpγ (1);
in the formula: q-nozzle outlet flow, L/s; c-diffusion coefficient; p-nozzle operating pressure, mH2O; r-coefficient of pressure;
the flow formula of the spray head is shown as formula (2):
Figure BDA0002674987880000041
in the formula: k-the flow coefficient of the spray head;
combined vertical type (1) and formula (2) to obtain
Figure BDA0002674987880000042
And step 3: the method comprises the following steps of defining the pipe diameter and pipe length information of each pipe section in a spraying system and the pressure of an initial point of a water distribution network, and further establishing a perfect hydraulic model for calculation:
step 3.1: the information of the pipe length and the pipe diameter of each pipe section is defined in EPANET, and the local head loss can be converted into the pipe length according to the annex C of a spray gauge.
Step 3.2: and (4) calculating the diffusion coefficient C of the selected spray head in the EPANET according to the formula (3), defining the node in the action area of the system as a nozzle, and defining the other nodes as common water consumption nodes and the basic water demand of each node as 0.
Step 3.3: and (3) selecting the inlet pressure (0.2-0.4 MPa) of the starting end of the pipe network to perform primary hydraulic calculation, checking the water spray intensity in the enclosed area of 4 spray heads at the least favorable position, and if the water spray intensity is equal to or slightly greater than the specification, setting the flow of the pipe section of the starting end of the pipe network to be the design flow, otherwise, adjusting the inlet pressure of the starting end of the pipe network.
Step 3.4: calculating the loss of the system vertical pipe along the way and the local head according to the design flow obtained in the step 3.3, wherein the water supply pressure at the inlet of the spraying system or the required pump lift is as follows:
H=∑h+P0+Z,
wherein, P0The pressure of the inlet of the pipe network at the worst layer is obtained, Σ h is the accumulated value of the local head loss along the way of the system vertical pipe, and Z is the lowest water level height difference between the inlet of the pipe network at the worst layer and the fire pool.
And 4, step 4: calling an EPANET programmer tool box program in MATLAB to optimize a spraying pipe network, and carrying out constraint condition inspection and layout adjustment on the layout optimization scheme obtained by solving to obtain a final layout scheme, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: step 4.1 call EPANET programmer's kit in MATLAB, run hydraulic model.
Step 4.2: and acquiring the working pressure of each node and the outflow of the spray head.
Step 4.3: checking the water spray intensity in the enclosed area of 4 nozzles at least in favor, if the water spray intensity is equal to or slightly greater than the specification, the flow of the pipe section at the starting end of the pipe network is the design flow, otherwise, adjusting the inlet pressure at the starting end of the pipe network.
Step 4.4: and calculating the cost by adopting a pricing mode of a project amount list according to pipelines used by the spraying pipe network.
Step 4.5: adjusting the layout of the spraying pipe network, and repeating the steps 4.1-4.4.
And 5: and evaluating the economy of the water distribution network of the spraying system according to the cost and cost comparison.
The embodiment is 14 floors on the ground of an office building, the floor height is 3.0 meters, and the total building height is 42.45 meters, wherein the total building area on the ground is 18496.94 square meters, and the single-floor building area is 1321.21 square meters. The fire hazard class of the office building spraying system is medium hazard I class, and the standard requirement action area is 160m2Water spray intensity of 6L/min m2The design flow of the spraying system is 30L/S, and a K80 spray head is adopted.
The dendritic pipe network, the combination of the dendritic pipe network and the annular pipe network and the grating pipe network are analyzed by adopting the steps, and the comparison between the hydraulic calculation result and the construction cost calculation result shows that the grating pipe network with the minimum designed flow is the grating pipe network, the flow is reduced by 30 percent compared with the traditional dendritic pipe network, and the flow and the power of the spray water pump are correspondingly reduced; for the pressure at the starting end of the system, the pipe diameter of the branch pipe is increased in the branched pipe network, so that the head loss is reduced, and the pressure is optimal in three forms of pipe network arrangement; in the aspect of water distribution uniformity, the coefficient of the latticed pipe network is the lowest and is 34.7 percent lower than that of the dendritic pipe network; in the project cost, the cost difference of the three annular pipe networks is small, and the three annular pipe networks are more economical than the traditional branched pipe network, wherein the cost of the grid-shaped pipe network is reduced by 5.1% compared with the traditional branched pipe network, and the final layout result is shown in fig. 2.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (7)

1. A spray pipe network layout optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step (1): drawing a pipe network arrangement plan of the worst layer in the spraying system in the CAD, and leading the pipe network arrangement plan into the EPANET;
step (2): defining a spray head in a spray system as a nozzle in the software, and specifically, connecting a flow calculation formula of the spray head with a nozzle water yield calculation formula in the software to ensure that the flow calculation formula and the nozzle water yield calculation formula are equal;
and (3): defining the pipe diameter and pipe length information of each pipe section in the spraying system and the pressure of the initial point of the water distribution network, and further establishing a hydraulic model for calculation;
and (4): and optimizing the spraying pipe network in MATLAB, and carrying out constraint condition inspection and layout adjustment on the layout optimization scheme obtained by solving to obtain a final layout scheme, so that the water spraying strength meets the requirement and the manufacturing cost is lowest.
2. The spray pipe network layout optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method also comprises the following steps before the step (1): analyzing the layout object, and determining the layout object, constraint conditions and evaluation criteria; the constraint condition is that the water spraying strength meets the requirement, and the evaluation standard is that the manufacturing cost is lowest.
3. The spray pipe network layout optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step (2) is carried out as follows:
the relationship between the discharge rate and the pressure of the nozzle in the EPANET is shown as the following formula (1):
q=Cpγ
(1)
in the formula: q-nozzle outlet flow, L/s; c-diffusion coefficient; p-nozzle operating pressure, mH2O; -coefficient of pressure; the flow formula of the spray head is shown as formula (2):
Figure FDA0002674987870000011
in the formula: k-the flow coefficient of the spray head;
the combined type (1) and the formula (2) obtain:
Figure FDA0002674987870000012
4. the spray pipe network layout optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the following steps are specifically carried out:
step 3.1: defining the pipe length and pipe diameter information of each pipe section in the EPANET, and converting the local head loss into the pipe length;
step 3.2: calculating the diffusion coefficient C of the selected spray head in the EPANET according to the formula (3), defining the node in the action area of the system as a nozzle, and defining the other nodes as common water consumption nodes and the basic water demand of each node as 0;
step 3.3: selecting the inlet pressure of the starting end of the pipe network to perform primary hydraulic calculation, checking the water spray intensity in the area enclosed by the spray heads at the least favorable positions, if the water spray intensity is equal to or slightly greater than the specification, the flow of the pipe section at the starting end of the pipe network is the design flow, and otherwise, adjusting the inlet pressure of the starting end of the pipe network;
step 3.4: calculating the loss of the system vertical pipe along the way and the local head according to the design flow obtained in the step 3.3, wherein the water supply pressure at the inlet of the spraying system or the required pump lift is as follows:
H=∑h+P0+Z;
wherein, P0The pressure of the inlet of the pipe network at the worst layer is obtained, Σ h is the accumulated value of the local head loss along the way of the system vertical pipe, and Z is the lowest water level height difference between the inlet of the pipe network at the worst layer and the fire pool.
5. The spray pipe network layout optimization method according to claim 4, wherein: in step 3.3, the inlet pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa.
6. The spray pipe network layout optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step (4) is specifically carried out as follows:
step 4.1: calling an EPANET programmer toolbox in the MATLAB to run a hydraulic model;
step 4.2: acquiring the working pressure of each node and the outflow of the spray head;
step 4.3: checking the water spray intensity in the enclosed area of 4 nozzles at least in favor of the water spray intensity, if the water spray intensity is equal to or slightly greater than the specification, the flow of a pipe section at the starting end of the pipe network is the design flow, otherwise, the inlet pressure at the starting end of the pipe network is adjusted;
step 4.4: calculating the cost by adopting a pricing mode of a project amount list according to pipelines used by the spraying pipe network;
step 4.5: adjusting the layout of the spraying pipe network, and repeating the steps 4.1-4.4.
7. Spray pipe network based on the optimized method layout according to one of claims 1 to 6.
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CN116341282A (en) * 2023-05-19 2023-06-27 陕西君合建消防科技有限公司 Layout optimization method of fire-fighting spray pipe network

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