CN112228858B - High-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system and method based on calcium-based adsorbent - Google Patents

High-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system and method based on calcium-based adsorbent Download PDF

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CN112228858B
CN112228858B CN202011015964.5A CN202011015964A CN112228858B CN 112228858 B CN112228858 B CN 112228858B CN 202011015964 A CN202011015964 A CN 202011015964A CN 112228858 B CN112228858 B CN 112228858B
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reactor
carbon dioxide
calcium
temperature
reversing valve
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CN112228858A (en
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蔡建军
郑文亨
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/18—Carbonates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
    • F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/14—Steam superheating characterised by heating method using heat generated by chemical reactions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system and method based on a calcium-based adsorbent, which comprises a first reactor, a second reactor, a heating device, a saturated steam conveying device, a gas storage device and a steam generator, wherein the first reactor is connected with the second reactor through a pipeline; the interiors of the first reactor and the second reactor are respectively filled with fillers; the heating device continuously and alternately inputs high-temperature media into the first reactor and the second reactor and calcines the filler to obtain carbon dioxide, and the obtained carbon dioxide gas is conveyed into the gas storage device; the saturated steam conveying device continuously and alternately inputs saturated steam into the second reactor and the first reactor, and the gas storage device continuously and alternately inputs preheated carbon dioxide gas into the second reactor and the first reactor to obtain superheated steam; the first reactor and the second reactor continuously and alternately input superheated steam to the steam generator, and then the steam generator continuously generates electricity. The method can effectively solve the matching problem between the discontinuous energy storage and continuous energy release processes, and is suitable for the technical field of high-temperature energy storage.

Description

High-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system and method based on calcium-based adsorbent
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly relates to a high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system and method based on a calcium-based adsorbent.
Background
With the development of the energy multi-energy complementary form and the rapid development of the energy efficient utilization technology, the rapid development of the efficient energy storage technology is an indispensable way for improving the energy utilization efficiency in China. Particularly, the technology has representative defects in China aiming at the field of medium and low temperature waste heat utilization. However, the medium-low temperature waste heat scene can occur in various fields of life and industrial generation, such as medium-low temperature flue gas waste heat utilization, large plants equipped with motor equipment, large servers, medium-high temperature plant sheds and the like. Therefore, how to efficiently store the heat at the medium and low temperature and perform resource utilization has a wide application prospect, and is an important direction for the development of the future energy storage industry.
Currently, energy storage technologies can be divided into sensible heat energy storage, latent heat energy storage and thermochemical energy storage according to different energy storage principles. However, latent heat energy storage is most widely used compared to other technologies, and typical technologies in this field are based on molten salts and phase change energy storage materials. However, latent heat storage technology has many determinations, such as low storage density, large heat loss, and thus, its effectiveness is not ideal during actual operation. In order to overcome the technical defects, the thermochemical cycle energy storage technology is widely concerned by countries all over the world, and has the advantages of high energy storage density, small heat loss and wide applicable temperature range. At present, the common thermochemical energy storage systems mainly include metal oxide systems, organic systems, redox systems, ammonia decomposition systems and calcium-based adsorbent systems. The calcium-based adsorbent system has the advantages of low price, wide source, high energy density and the like, so the calcium-based adsorbent system has extremely high application prospect.
However, the thermochemical energy storage processes based on calcium-based adsorbents that have been developed in the past have a phenomenon of mismatch between the intermittent energy storage process and the continuous energy release process. For example, taking a solar-energy storage system as an example, most energy storage systems developed at present can only store energy during the day and then release energy at night, but cannot achieve the requirement of sustainable energy release throughout the day. This brings great trouble to the engineering application of thermochemical energy storage technology based on calcium-based adsorbents. How to effectively solve the problems is the key for further promoting the development of the thermochemical energy storage technology. However, corresponding patent technologies are still lacking at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
In summary, in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system and method based on calcium-based adsorbents.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system based on a calcium-based adsorbent comprises a first reactor, a second reactor, a heating device, a saturated steam conveying device, a gas storage device and a steam generator; the interiors of the first reactor and the second reactor are respectively filled with carbonated calcium-based adsorbent fillers and calcium-based adsorbent fillers; the heating device is respectively connected with the first inlets of the first reactor and the second reactor, continuously and alternately inputs high-temperature media into the first reactor and the second reactor, and calcinates and decomposes the filler in the first reactor and the second reactor to obtain carbon dioxide; the first outlets of the first reactor and the second reactor are respectively connected with the inlet of the gas storage device, and the first outlets of the first reactor and the second reactor respectively convey the obtained carbon dioxide gas into the gas storage device; the saturated steam conveying device is respectively connected with the first inlets of the first reactor and the second reactor, saturated steam is continuously and alternately input into the second reactor and the first reactor, the outlet of the gas storage device is respectively connected with the second inlets of the first reactor and the second reactor, preheated carbon dioxide gas is continuously and alternately input into the second reactor and the first reactor, and the preheated carbon dioxide gas and the saturated steam react to obtain superheated steam; and second outlets of the first reactor and the second reactor are respectively connected with the steam generator, and the steam generator continuously and alternately inputs superheated steam to the steam generator so as to enable the steam generator to continuously generate power.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows:
further, the device also comprises a first reversing valve; the heating device is connected with a first interface of the first reversing valve;
the saturated water vapor conveying device comprises a water tank, a water pump and a first heater; the outlet of the water tank is connected with the outlet of the first heater through the water pump, and the outlet of the first heater is connected with the second interface of the first reversing valve;
the third interface and the fourth interface of the first reversing valve are respectively connected with the first inlets of the first reactor and the second reactor, the first interface and the second interface of the first reversing valve are oppositely arranged, the third interface and the fourth interface of the first reversing valve are oppositely arranged, and the first interface of the first reversing valve can be communicated with the third interface or the fourth interface or the second interface of the first reversing valve can be communicated with the third interface or the fourth interface by switching the state of the first reversing valve.
Furthermore, the heating device is connected with the first interface of the first reversing valve through a heat transmission pipe, and a first thermometer is arranged on the heat transmission pipe.
Further, the gas storage device comprises a carbon dioxide storage tank and a gas supply pipe; the first outlets of the first reactor and the second reactor are respectively connected with the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank through a first gas pipe and a second gas pipe, and the first outlets of the first reactor and the second reactor respectively convey obtained carbon dioxide gas into the carbon dioxide storage tank; one end of the gas supply pipe is connected with an outlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank, and the other end of the gas supply pipe is divided into a first branch and a second branch after sequentially passing through the blower and the second heater; the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected with the second inlets of the first reactor and the second reactor, and the carbon dioxide storage tank alternately conveys carbon dioxide to the first reactor and the second reactor through the first branch and the second branch.
Further, a first check valve, a second thermometer and a first flowmeter are sequentially arranged on the first branch along the direction from the gas supply pipe to the first reactor, and a second check valve, a third thermometer and a second flowmeter are sequentially arranged on the second branch along the direction from the gas supply pipe to the second reactor; the first air delivery pipe is provided with a third flow meter and a third one-way valve, and the second air delivery pipe is provided with a fourth flow meter and a fourth one-way valve.
Further, the device also comprises a first energy transmission pipe, a second reversing valve and a cooling medium outlet; one end of the first energy transmission pipe is connected with the second outlet of the first reactor, and the other end of the first energy transmission pipe is connected with the first interface of the second reversing valve; one end of the second energy transmission pipe is connected with a second outlet of the second reactor, and the other end of the second energy transmission pipe is connected with a second interface of the second reversing valve; a third interface and a fourth interface of the second reversing valve are respectively connected with the cooling medium outlet and the steam generator;
the first interface and the second interface of the second reversing valve are arranged oppositely, the third interface and the fourth interface of the second reversing valve are arranged oppositely, and the first interface of the first reversing valve can be communicated with the third interface or the fourth interface or the second interface of the first reversing valve can be communicated with the third interface or the fourth interface by switching the state of the first reversing valve.
Furthermore, a fifth flowmeter and a fourth thermometer are arranged on the first energy transmission pipe, and a sixth flowmeter and a fifth thermometer are arranged on the second energy transmission pipe.
The method for storing energy by the high-temperature thermochemical cycle based on the calcium-based adsorbent comprises the following steps:
step one, an energy storage stage: inputting a high-temperature medium into the first reactor through the heating device, wherein the high-temperature medium causes the carbonated calcium-based adsorbent in the first reactor to undergo a calcination decomposition reaction in an indirect heating mode, and generates calcium oxide, carbon dioxide and high-temperature flue gas, wherein the carbon dioxide is input into the gas storage device;
step two, energy releasing stage: the carbon dioxide in the gas storage device is preheated and then conveyed into the second reactor, and is subjected to carbonation reaction with the calcium-based adsorbent in the second reactor by a direct contact method to generate calcium carbonate and release a large amount of heat; meanwhile, the saturated steam conveying device inputs saturated steam into the second reactor and exchanges heat with the released heat to generate superheated steam; then, the generated superheated steam is conveyed to the steam generator by the second reactor to generate power, and unreacted carbon dioxide in the second reactor is input into the gas storage device;
step three, an energy storage stage: inputting a high-temperature medium into the second reactor through the heating device, wherein the high-temperature medium enables the calcium-based adsorbent in the second reactor to perform calcination decomposition reaction in an indirect heating mode, and calcium oxide, carbon dioxide and high-temperature flue gas are generated, wherein the carbon dioxide is input into the gas storage device;
step four, energy releasing stage: the carbon dioxide in the gas storage device is preheated and then conveyed into the first reactor, and is subjected to carbonation reaction with the calcium-based adsorbent in the first reactor by a direct contact method to generate calcium carbonate and release a large amount of heat; meanwhile, the saturated steam conveying device inputs saturated steam into the first reactor and exchanges heat with the released heat to generate superheated steam; then, the first reactor transmits the generated superheated steam to the steam generator to generate power, and unreacted carbon dioxide in the second reactor is input into the gas storage device; so far, one cycle ends;
and step five, repeating the step one to the step four and entering the next circulation.
Further, switching the state of the first reversing valve can communicate the heating device with the first reactor or the second reactor, and can also communicate the saturated steam conveying device with the first reactor or the second reactor;
switching the state of the second reversing valve can enable the first energy transmission pipe to be communicated with the cooling medium outlet or the steam generator, and also enable the second energy transmission pipe to be communicated with the cooling medium outlet or the steam generator;
the carbon dioxide in the gas storage device is preheated by the second heater; the liquid water in the water tank is heated by the first heater to form saturated water vapor; and high-temperature flue gas generated by the calcination decomposition reaction in the first reactor and the second reactor is cooled and then discharged through the cooling medium outlet.
Further, when the absolute value of the difference between the displayed temperature of the first thermometer and the displayed temperature of the fourth thermometer is lower than 10-100 ℃, and the absolute value of the difference between the displayed mass flow rates of the second flowmeter and the fourth flowmeter is lower than 0-100 m 3 At h, switching the state of the first reversing valve to enable the heating device and the saturated steam conveying device to be respectively connected with the second reactor and the first reactorAn inlet is communicated, and simultaneously the state of the second reversing valve is switched to enable the second outlets of the first reactor and the second reactor to be communicated with the steam generator and the cooling medium outlet respectively, and the second one-way valve is closed and the first one-way valve is opened;
when the absolute value of the difference between the display temperature of the fifth thermometer and the display temperature of the first thermometer is lower than 10-100 ℃, and the absolute value of the difference between the display mass flow of the first flowmeter and the display mass flow of the third flowmeter is lower than 0-100 m 3 At/h, switching the state of the first reversing valve to communicate the heating device and the saturated steam delivery device with the first reactor and the second reactor, respectively, and simultaneously switching the state of the second reversing valve to communicate the second outlets of the first reactor and the second reactor with the cooling medium outlet and the steam generator, respectively, and opening the second one-way valve, closing the first one-way valve, thereby entering the next cycle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the continuous energy release to the outside is realized by continuously and alternately storing and releasing energy by the two reactors, the matching problem between the discontinuous energy storage and continuous energy release processes can be effectively solved, and the reactor is suitable for the technical field of high-temperature energy storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the present invention.
In the drawings, the reference numbers indicate the following list of parts:
1. a first reactor, 2, a second reactor, 3, a heating device, 4, a steam generator, 5, a first change valve, 6, a water pump, 7, a first heater, 8, a first thermometer, 9, a carbon dioxide storage tank, 10, a blower, 11, a second heater, 12, a first check valve, 13, a second thermometer, 14, a first flowmeter, 15, a second check valve, 16, a third thermometer, 17, a second flowmeter, 18, a third flowmeter, 19, a third check valve, 20, a fourth flowmeter, 21, a fourth check valve, 22, a second change valve, 23, a cooling medium outlet, 24, a fifth flowmeter, 25, a fourth thermometer, 26, a sixth flowmeter, 27, a fifth thermometer, 28, a water tank.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system based on calcium-based adsorbents comprises a first reactor 1, a second reactor 2, a heating device 3, a saturated water vapor conveying device, a gas storage device, a steam generator 4 and a first reversing valve 5. The first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 are filled with carbonated calcium-based adsorbent filler and calcium-based adsorbent filler, respectively. The heating device 3 is respectively connected with the first inlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2, continuously and alternately inputs high-temperature media to the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2, and calcinates and decomposes the filler in the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 to obtain carbon dioxide. The first outlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 are respectively connected with the inlet of the gas storage device, and respectively convey the obtained carbon dioxide gas into the gas storage device. The saturated steam conveying device is respectively connected with the first inlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2, and continuously and alternately inputs saturated steam into the second reactor 2 and the first reactor 1, the outlet of the gas storage device is respectively connected with the second inlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2, and continuously and alternately inputs preheated carbon dioxide gas into the second reactor 2 and the first reactor 1, and the preheated carbon dioxide gas reacts with the saturated steam to obtain superheated steam. The second outlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 are respectively connected to the steam generator 4, and the superheated steam is continuously and alternately input to the steam generator 4, so that the steam generator 4 continuously generates electricity.
The heating device 3 is connected with a first interface of the first reversing valve 5. The saturated water vapor delivery device includes a water tank 28, a water pump 6, and a first heater 7. The outlet of the water tank 28 is connected with the outlet of the first heater 7 through the water pump 6, and the outlet of the first heater 7 is connected with the second port of the first reversing valve 5. The third port and the fourth port of the first reversing valve 5 are respectively connected with the first inlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2, the first port and the second port of the first reversing valve 5 are oppositely arranged, the third port and the fourth port of the first reversing valve 5 are oppositely arranged, and the first port of the first reversing valve 5 can be communicated with the third port or the fourth port or the second port of the first reversing valve 5 can be communicated with the third port or the fourth port by switching the state of the first reversing valve 5. The heating device 3 is connected with a first connector of the first reversing valve 5 through a heat transmission pipe, and a first thermometer 8 is arranged on the heat transmission pipe.
The gas storage device comprises a carbon dioxide storage tank 9 and a gas supply pipe. The first outlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 are respectively connected with the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank 9 through a first gas pipe and a second gas pipe, and the obtained carbon dioxide gas is respectively conveyed into the carbon dioxide storage tank 9. One end of the gas supply pipe is connected with an outlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank 9, and the other end of the gas supply pipe is divided into a first branch and a second branch after sequentially passing through the blower 10 and the second heater 11. The first branch and the second branch are respectively connected with the second inlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2, and the carbon dioxide storage tank 9 alternately delivers carbon dioxide to the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 through the first branch and the second branch. A first one-way valve 12, a second temperature gauge 13 and a first flow meter 14 are arranged in the first branch in the direction from the gas supply tube to the first reactor 1, and a second one-way valve 15, a third temperature gauge 16 and a second flow meter 17 are arranged in the second branch in the direction from the gas supply tube to the second reactor 2. The first air delivery pipe is provided with a third flow meter 18 and a third one-way valve 19, and the second air delivery pipe is provided with a fourth flow meter 20 and a fourth one-way valve 21.
The system further comprises a first energy transfer line, a second reversing valve 22 and a cooling medium outlet 23. One end of the first energy transmission pipe is connected with the second outlet of the first reactor 1, and the other end of the first energy transmission pipe is connected with the first interface of the second reversing valve 22. One end of the second energy transmission pipe is connected with the second outlet of the second reactor 2, and the other end of the second energy transmission pipe is connected with the second interface of the second reversing valve 22. The third port and the fourth port of the second reversing valve 22 are respectively connected with the cooling medium outlet 23 and the steam generator 4. The first port and the second port of the second direction valve 22 are arranged oppositely, the third port and the fourth port are arranged oppositely, and the first port and the third port or the fourth port can be communicated or the second port and the third port or the fourth port can be communicated by switching the state of the first direction valve 5. And a fifth flowmeter 24 and a fourth thermometer 25 are arranged on the first energy transmission pipe, and a sixth flowmeter 26 and a fifth thermometer 27 are arranged on the second energy transmission pipe.
The method for storing energy by the high-temperature thermochemical cycle based on the calcium-based adsorbent comprises the following steps:
step one, an energy storage stage: switching the state of the first direction valve 5 places the heating device 3 in communication with the first reactor 1. The high-temperature medium in the heating device 3 is input into the first reactor 1 through the first reversing valve 5, and the high-temperature medium causes the carbonated calcium-based adsorbent in the first reactor 1 to undergo a calcination decomposition reaction in an indirect heating manner, so as to generate calcium oxide, carbon dioxide and high-temperature flue gas. The third one-way valve 19 is opened, so that the carbon dioxide in the first reactor 1 is conveyed into the carbon dioxide storage tank 9 through the first outlet thereof. After being cooled, the high-temperature flue gas enters the first energy transmission pipe through the second outlet of the first reactor 1, sequentially passes through the fifth flowmeter 24 and the fourth thermometer 25 in the first energy transmission pipe, enters the second reversing valve 22 (the current state of the second reversing valve 22 is that the first energy transmission pipe is communicated with the cooling medium outlet 23), and finally is discharged out of the system through the cooling medium outlet 23.
Step two, energy releasing stage: and starting the blower 10, preheating the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 9 by the second heater 11, conveying the preheated carbon dioxide to the second reactor 2 after passing through the second one-way valve 15, the third thermometer 16 and the second flow meter 17 in sequence, and performing carbonation reaction on the preheated carbon dioxide and the calcium-based adsorbent in the second reactor 2 by a direct contact method to generate calcium carbonate and release a large amount of heat. At the same time, the water pump 6 delivers the liquid water in the water tank 28 to the first heater 7, the first heater 7 heats the liquid water to form saturated water vapor, and the saturated water vapor is delivered into the second reactor 2 through the first direction-changing valve 5 (the current state of the first direction-changing valve 5 is to communicate the saturated water vapor delivery device/first heater 7 with the second reactor 2). Saturated steam enters the pipeline system in the second reactor 2 and exchanges heat with heat released by the carbonation reaction to generate superheated steam. Then, the superheated steam enters a second energy transmission pipe through a second outlet of the second reactor 2, passes through the sixth flowmeter 26 and the fifth thermometer 27 in sequence in the second energy transmission pipe, enters the second reversing valve 22 (the current state of the second reversing valve 22 is that the second energy transmission pipe is communicated with the steam generator 4), and finally pushes the steam generator 4 to generate power. And the unreacted carbon dioxide in the second reactor 2 enters a second gas transmission pipe after passing through a first outlet of the second reactor 2, and is input into the carbon dioxide storage tank 9 after sequentially passing through a fourth flowmeter 20 and a fourth one-way valve 21 in the second gas transmission pipe.
Step three, an energy storage stage: switching the state of the first direction valve 5 places the heating device 3 in communication with the second reactor 2. The high-temperature medium in the heating device 3 is input into the second reactor 2 through the first reversing valve 5, and the calcium-based adsorbent in the second reactor 2 is subjected to calcination decomposition reaction by the high-temperature medium in an indirect heating mode, so that calcium oxide, carbon dioxide and high-temperature flue gas are generated. The fourth check valve 21 is opened, so that the carbon dioxide in the second reactor 2 is input into the carbon dioxide storage tank 9 through the first outlet thereof. After being cooled, the high-temperature flue gas enters the second energy transmission pipe through the second outlet of the second reactor 2, sequentially passes through the sixth flowmeter 26 and the fifth thermometer 27 in the second energy transmission pipe, enters the second reversing valve 22 (the current state of the second reversing valve 22 is that the second energy transmission pipe is communicated with the cooling medium outlet 23), and finally is discharged out of the system through the cooling medium outlet 23.
Step four, energy releasing stage: the blower 10 is started, the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 9 is preheated by the second heater 11, the preheated carbon dioxide passes through the first one-way valve 12, the second thermometer 13 and the first flowmeter 14 in sequence and is then conveyed into the first reactor 1, and the preheated carbon dioxide is subjected to carbonation reaction with the carbonated calcium-based adsorbent in the first reactor 1 by a direct contact method to generate calcium carbonate and release a large amount of heat. At the same time, the water pump 6 delivers the liquid water in the water tank 28 to the first heater 7, the first heater 7 heats the liquid water to form saturated water vapor, and the saturated water vapor is delivered into the first reactor 1 through the first change valve 5 (the current state of the first change valve 5 is to communicate the saturated water vapor delivery device/first heater 7 with the first reactor 1). Saturated steam enters the pipeline system in the first reactor 1 and exchanges heat with heat released by the carbonation reaction to generate superheated steam. Then, the superheated steam enters a first energy transmission pipe through a second outlet of the first reactor 1, passes through the fifth flowmeter 24 and the fourth thermometer 25 in sequence in the first energy transmission pipe, enters the second reversing valve 22 (the current state of the second reversing valve 22 is that the first energy transmission pipe is communicated with the steam generator 4), and finally pushes the steam generator 4 to generate power. And unreacted carbon dioxide in the first reactor 1 enters a first gas transmission pipe after passing through a first outlet of the first reactor 1, and is input into the carbon dioxide storage tank 9 after sequentially passing through a third flow meter 18 and a third one-way valve 19 in the first gas transmission pipe. By this, one cycle ends.
In summary, the system can continuously and alternately store and release energy through the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2, and continuously release energy to the steam generator 4 through the alternating energy release of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2, so that the continuous power generation of the steam generator 4 is realized, the matching problem between the discontinuous energy storage and continuous energy release processes can be effectively solved, and the system is suitable for the technical field of high-temperature energy storage.
And step five, repeating the step one to the step four and entering the next circulation.
In addition, the following control is also required in one cycle:
(1) when the absolute value of the difference between the displayed temperature of the first thermometer 8 and the displayed temperature of the fourth thermometer 25 is lower than 10-100 ℃, and the absolute value of the difference between the displayed mass flow rates of the second flowmeter 17 and the fourth flowmeter 20 is lower than 0-100 m 3 At/h, the state of the first change valve 5 is switched so that the heating device 3 and the saturated steam transporting device communicate with the second reactor 2 and the first inlet of the first reactor 1, respectively, while the state of the second change valve 22 is switched so that the second outlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 communicate with the steam generator 4 and the cooling medium outlet 23, respectively, and the second one-way valve 15 is closed and the first one-way valve 12 is opened.
(2) When the absolute value of the difference between the display temperature of the fifth thermometer 27 and the display temperature of the first thermometer 8 is lower than 10-100 ℃, and the absolute value of the difference between the display mass flow rates of the first flowmeter 14 and the third flowmeter 18 is lower than 0-100 m 3 At/h, the state of the first change valve 5 is switched so that the heating device 3 and the saturated steam transporting device communicate with the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2, respectively, while the state of the second change valve 22 is switched so that the second outlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 communicate with the cooling medium outlet 23 and the steam generator 4, respectively, and the second one-way valve 15 is opened and the first one-way valve 12 is closed, thereby entering the next cycle.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (9)

1. A high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system based on a calcium-based adsorbent is characterized by comprising a first reactor (1), a second reactor (2), a heating device (3), a saturated water vapor conveying device, a gas storage device and a steam generator (4); the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2) are filled with carbonated calcium-based adsorbent filler and calcium-based adsorbent filler respectively; the heating device (3) is respectively connected with the first inlets of the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2), continuously and alternately inputs high-temperature media into the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2), and calcinates and decomposes the filler in the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2) to obtain carbon dioxide; the first outlets of the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2) are respectively connected with the inlet of the gas storage device, and the first outlets respectively convey the obtained carbon dioxide gas into the gas storage device; the saturated steam conveying device is respectively connected with the first inlets of the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2), and continuously and alternately inputs saturated steam into the second reactor (2) and the first reactor (1), the outlet of the gas storage device is respectively connected with the second inlets of the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2), and continuously and alternately inputs preheated carbon dioxide gas into the second reactor (2) and the first reactor (1), and the preheated carbon dioxide gas reacts with the saturated steam to obtain superheated steam; the second outlets of the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2) are respectively connected with the steam generator (4), and superheated steam is continuously and alternately input into the steam generator (4), so that the steam generator (4) continuously generates electricity;
the high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage method based on the calcium-based adsorbent comprises the following steps:
step one, an energy storage stage: inputting a high-temperature medium into the first reactor (1) through the heating device (3), wherein the high-temperature medium enables the carbonated calcium-based adsorbent in the first reactor (1) to perform a calcination decomposition reaction in an indirect heating mode, and calcium oxide, carbon dioxide and high-temperature flue gas are generated, wherein the carbon dioxide is input into the gas storage device;
step two, energy releasing stage: the carbon dioxide in the gas storage device is preheated and then conveyed into the second reactor (2), and is subjected to carbonation reaction with the calcium-based adsorbent in the second reactor (2) by a direct contact method to generate calcium carbonate and release a large amount of heat; meanwhile, the saturated steam conveying device inputs saturated steam into the second reactor (2) and exchanges heat with the released heat to generate superheated steam; then, the second reactor (2) transmits the generated superheated steam to the steam generator (4) to generate electricity, and the unreacted carbon dioxide in the second reactor (2) is transmitted to the gas storage device;
step three, an energy storage stage: inputting a high-temperature medium into the second reactor (2) through the heating device (3), wherein the high-temperature medium enables the calcium-based adsorbent in the second reactor (2) to undergo a calcination decomposition reaction in an indirect heating mode, and calcium oxide, carbon dioxide and high-temperature flue gas are generated, wherein the carbon dioxide is input into the gas storage device;
step four, energy releasing stage: the carbon dioxide in the gas storage device is preheated and then conveyed into the first reactor (1), and is subjected to carbonation reaction with the calcium-based adsorbent in the first reactor (1) by a direct contact method to generate calcium carbonate and release a large amount of heat; meanwhile, the saturated steam conveying device inputs saturated steam into the first reactor (1) and exchanges heat with the released heat to generate superheated steam; then, the first reactor (1) transmits the generated superheated steam to the steam generator (4) to generate electricity, and unreacted carbon dioxide in the second reactor (2) is transmitted to the gas storage device; so far, one cycle ends;
and step five, repeating the step one to the step four and entering the next circulation.
2. A calcium-based adsorbent-based high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a first diverter valve (5); the heating device (3) is connected with a first interface of the first reversing valve (5);
the saturated water vapor conveying device comprises a water tank (28), a water pump (6) and a first heater (7); the outlet of the water tank (28) is connected with the outlet of the first heater (7) through the water pump (6), and the outlet of the first heater (7) is connected with the second port of the first reversing valve (5);
the third interface and the fourth interface of the first reversing valve (5) are respectively connected with the first inlets of the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2), the first interface and the second interface of the first reversing valve (5) are arranged oppositely, the third interface and the fourth interface of the first reversing valve are arranged oppositely, and the first interface and the third interface or the fourth interface of the first reversing valve (5) can be communicated by switching the state of the first reversing valve (5) or the second interface of the first reversing valve is communicated with the third interface or the fourth interface.
3. A calcium-based adsorbent-based high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that the heating device (3) is connected to the first port of the first reversing valve (5) by a heat transfer pipe, on which a first thermometer (8) is provided.
4. The calcium-based adsorbent-based high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system of claim 3 wherein the gas storage means comprises a carbon dioxide storage tank (9) and a gas supply pipe; the first outlets of the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2) are respectively connected with the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank (9) through a first gas transmission pipe and a second gas transmission pipe, and the first outlets respectively transmit the obtained carbon dioxide gas into the carbon dioxide storage tank (9); one end of the gas supply pipe is connected with an outlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank (9), and the other end of the gas supply pipe is divided into a first branch and a second branch after sequentially passing through a blower (10) and a second heater (11); the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected with the second inlets of the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2), and the carbon dioxide storage tank (9) alternately transmits carbon dioxide to the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2) through the first branch and the second branch.
5. A calcium-based adsorbent-based high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that there are provided on the first branch, in order in the direction from the gas supply tube to the first reactor (1), a first one-way valve (12), a second thermometer (13) and a first flow meter (14), and on the second branch, in order in the direction from the gas supply tube to the second reactor (2), a second one-way valve (15), a third thermometer (16) and a second flow meter (17); the first air delivery pipe is provided with a third flow meter (18) and a third one-way valve (19), and the second air delivery pipe is provided with a fourth flow meter (20) and a fourth one-way valve (21).
6. The calcium-based adsorbent-based high-temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system of claim 5 further comprising a first energy delivery line, a second diverter valve (22), and a cooling medium outlet (23); one end of the first energy transmission pipe is connected with the second outlet of the first reactor (1), and the other end of the first energy transmission pipe is connected with the first interface of the second reversing valve (22); one end of the second energy transmission pipe is connected with a second outlet of the second reactor (2), and the other end of the second energy transmission pipe is connected with a second interface of the second reversing valve (22); the third interface and the fourth interface of the second reversing valve (22) are respectively connected with the cooling medium outlet (23) and the steam generator (4);
the first port and the second port of the second reversing valve (22) are arranged oppositely, the third port and the fourth port of the second reversing valve are arranged oppositely, and the first port of the first reversing valve (5) can be communicated with the third port or the fourth port or the second port of the first reversing valve can be communicated with the third port or the fourth port by switching the state of the first reversing valve.
7. A calcium-based adsorbent-based high temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system according to claim 6, wherein the first energy transfer pipe is provided with a fifth flow meter (24) and a fourth temperature meter (25), and the second energy transfer pipe is provided with a sixth flow meter (26) and a fifth temperature meter (27).
8. A calcium-based adsorbent-based high temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that switching the state of the first change valve (5) can put the heating means (3) in communication with the first reactor (1) or the second reactor (2), and can also put the saturated water vapor delivery means in communication with the first reactor (1) or the second reactor (2);
switching the state of the second reversing valve (22) can communicate the first energy transmission pipe with the cooling medium outlet (23) or the steam generator (4), and can also communicate the second energy transmission pipe with the cooling medium outlet (23) or the steam generator (4);
the carbon dioxide in the gas storage device is preheated by the second heater (11); the liquid water in the water tank (28) is heated by the first heater (7) to form saturated water vapor; and high-temperature flue gas generated by the calcining decomposition reaction in the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2) is cooled and then discharged through the cooling medium outlet (23).
9. A calcium-based adsorbent-based high temperature thermochemical cycle energy storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that when the absolute value of the difference between the displayed temperature of the first thermometer (8) and the displayed temperature of the fourth thermometer (25) is below 10-100 ℃, and the absolute value of the difference between the displayed mass flow of the second flowmeter (17) and the fourth flowmeter (20) is below 0-100 m 3 At the time of/h, the state of the first reversing valve (5) is switched to ensure that the heating device (3) and the saturated steam conveying device are respectively connected with the saturated steam conveying deviceA second reactor (2) is communicated with a first inlet of the first reactor (1), simultaneously the state of the second reversing valve (22) is switched to enable a second outlet of the first reactor (1) and a second outlet of the second reactor (2) to be communicated with the steam generator (4) and the cooling medium outlet (23) respectively, and the second one-way valve (15) is closed and the first one-way valve (12) is opened;
when the absolute value of the difference between the display temperature of the fifth thermometer (27) and the display temperature of the first thermometer (8) is lower than 10-100 ℃, and the absolute value of the difference between the display mass flow rates of the first flowmeter (14) and the third flowmeter (18) is lower than 0-100 m 3 At/h, switching the state of the first direction change valve (5) to communicate the heating device (3) and the saturated steam delivery device with the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2), respectively, while switching the state of the second direction change valve (22) to communicate the second outlets of the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2) with the cooling medium outlet (23) and the steam generator (4), respectively, and opening the second one-way valve (15), closing the first one-way valve (12), thereby entering the next cycle.
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