CN112228072B - Underground supporting system for loess stud and reserved thin-strip ore pillar and construction method - Google Patents
Underground supporting system for loess stud and reserved thin-strip ore pillar and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112228072B CN112228072B CN202011046608.XA CN202011046608A CN112228072B CN 112228072 B CN112228072 B CN 112228072B CN 202011046608 A CN202011046608 A CN 202011046608A CN 112228072 B CN112228072 B CN 112228072B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/48—Chocks or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/06—Filling-up mechanically
Abstract
The invention discloses an underground supporting system of loess studs and reserved thin stripe ore pillars and a construction method, comprising a plurality of mutually independent panel areas, wherein each panel area adopts strip mining, each n strips is a circulating operation unit, and each strip is provided with a goaf and a reserved thin stripe ore pillar; the goaf of each strip is divided into a plurality of filling operation subunits; a plurality of loess studs are arranged in the goaf, and each loess stud is formed by stacking a plurality of loess bags; loess studs of two adjacent goafs are arranged in a staggered manner to form a staggered frame structure; the closed space between the reserved thin stripe ore pillars and the loess pillars is filled with waste rocks, and the waste rocks mainly play a role in supporting rock bodies around the stope so as to reduce deformation and flaking of stope surrounding rocks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mine disaster prevention and resource exploitation, and particularly relates to an underground support system of loess studs and reserved thin-strip ore pillars and a construction method.
Background
The loess plateau land surface gullies are distributed vertically and horizontally, the thickness of the loess layer is more than 50-60m, and the loess resources are rich. The Shanxi sedimentary type bauxite layer (soil) comprises loess, limestone, hard clay, bauxite and Ordovician limestone from top to bottom in sequence. The spatial form of the ore body is severely fluctuated, the whole body is produced like a layer and a funnel shape, and the average thickness is less than 3.0 m. The direct roof of the ore body is made of hard clay, and the boundary between the two is not obvious. The most common underground mining method is the room-pillar open field method described in patent CN86100824 "several room-pillar combined mining methods". The goaf stope applicable to the prior art method has the height of about 3.0m and the width of about 4.0m, and the output of waste rocks is large. The pre-spot pillars were about 5.0 × 4.0m long by wide.
At present, the goaf is not filled by the process method, and the waste rocks tunneled and stoped are directly discharged to the earth surface for stacking, thereby polluting the earth surface environment. The hard clay layer has extremely low compressive and shear strength, is very easy to weather and expand after being exposed, and cannot bear the overlying strata (soil) gravity load of 60-80 m at the upper part. In order to prevent the goaf roof from collapsing in the 3-month mining period, a bauxite body with the reserved thickness of 0.5m is generally adopted as a top protection layer in the mine originally, and the top protection layer and the reserved point column support system are formed together with the reserved bauxite point column. After the goaf is formed for 3 months, the hard clay weathers and expands, the bauxite top protecting layer is extruded and collapsed, the reserved point column deforms and destabilizes under the action of the gravity of overlying rock (soil), a supporting system is damaged, the goaf collapses, large-area subsidence of the earth surface is induced, and serious engineering geological disasters are caused. According to statistics, the bauxite recovery rate of the top protection layer and the point column supporting system is less than 30% -40%, so that ore resource waste is serious.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a bagged loess artificial stud and a reserved thin stripe ore pillar together to form a frame structure underground supporting system of an underground goaf.
The invention is realized by at least one of the following technical schemes.
The underground supporting system for the loess pillars and the reserved thin stripe ore pillars comprises a plurality of mutually independent panels, each panel adopts strip mining, and each strip is provided with a goaf and the reserved thin stripe ore pillars;
the goaf of each strip is divided into a plurality of filling operation subunits; a plurality of loess studs are arranged in the goaf, and each loess stud is formed by stacking a plurality of loess bags; loess studs of two adjacent goafs are arranged in a staggered manner to form a staggered frame structure;
reserve thin banding ore pillar with the confined space between a plurality of loess intercolumns fills the barren rock, mainly plays and supports rock mass around the stope to alleviate the deformation of stope country rock and the effect that the piece falls.
Preferably, each loess bag is placed underground by loess on the ground surface from sliding down, and is sealed by manual or mechanical filling.
Preferably, the longitudinal section of the loess stud is trapezoidal, and the width of the top end is 5.0-8.0 m.
Preferably, the inner slope angle of the empty zone is 30 to 35 °.
Preferably, adjacent transportation roadways and vein-crossing roadways are arranged between each panel area.
Preferably, the adjacent haulage roadway slope angle is 80-90 °.
Preferably, the reserved thin-strip ore pillars are mainly distributed on two sides of the goaf and mainly play a role in supporting the stability of the goaf under the action of triaxial pressure of waste rock filling.
Preferably, the reserved thin strip ore pillar is less than 1.0m, and a bauxite top protecting layer is not reserved.
The construction method of the loess stud and the underground supporting system for reserving the thin strip ore pillars comprises the following steps:
step a, dividing the independent panel into a plurality of mutually independent panels, and performing strip mining in each panel, wherein each n strip is an operation unit, and each strip comprises a goaf and a reserved thin strip ore pillar; each strip goaf is finely divided into a plurality of filling operation subunits, and no bauxite top protection layer is left in the goaf;
b, selecting a valley flat zone, utilizing a loess transportation system to slide the loess on the ground surface to an underground concentration area, utilizing a woven bag to fill and seal manually or mechanically,
arranging a drilling geological sleeve hole and a lattice-matching sieve, wherein the diameter of a drilling hole is about 1.2-1.4 times of the diameter of an I-shaped steel lattice sieve, sliding the loess on the ground surface to a downhole concentration area, and sealing by manual or mechanical filling of a woven bag, wherein each drilling hole position is determined according to the number of the burden disc areas and the area size of a stope;
c, arranging 3-4 loess pillars at the contact position of the goaf and the haulage roadway and inside the goaf, carrying bagged loess by using a small forklift, and stacking and abutting the loess layer by layer to form artificial loess pillars; the longitudinal section of the loess room column is trapezoidal, the width L1 of the top end is 5.0-8.0m, the slope angle close to the haulage roadway is 80-90 degrees, and the slope angle in the dead zone is 30-35 degrees;
d, filling the waste rocks, namely, conveying the waste rocks to a goaf by using a vehicle, stacking and rolling the waste rocks layer by layer to 4/5 of the height of the goaf by using a small backhoe or manpower, and performing backward filling operation according to the sequence of subunits;
e, circularly operating, namely repeating the step c and the step d in a backward mode until the operation of each strip goaf is finished;
and f, water spraying consolidation and plugging, water spraying of bagged loess studs of the haulage roadways on the two sides, loess consolidation and air blocking entering of a goaf channel are realized, and the weathering condition of the hard clay rocks on the top plate is eliminated.
Preferably, the loess transportation system comprises a plurality of drilled holes and grid sieves, the diameter of each drilled hole is 1.2-1.4 times of the aperture of the I-shaped steel grid sieve, and each drilled hole position is determined according to the number of the burden disc areas and the area size of the disc areas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the underground bauxite mining frame structure supporting system has the characteristics of low material cost, strong integral pressure resistance and deformation control capacity, obvious economic benefit, safety and environmental protection benefit and the like;
2. the artificial stud material has low cost. The loess is obtained from the near ground surface, the waste stone body is the waste stone for tunneling mining, the material is obtained from the local, the material cost is not counted, and the shovel loading transportation cost is only counted;
3. the bearing capacity of the frame structure supporting system is increased by times, the surplus of flexible compression deformation exists, and the deformation of overlying rock and soil can be prevented, controlled or partially absorbed;
4. loess studs block two ends of adjacent haulage roadways, water is sprayed for consolidation, an air propagation channel is isolated, and the weathering condition of direct roof hard clay in the goaf is eliminated. The exposed volume of the filled waste rock in the goaf is only below 1/5 of the original volume, and the deformation of the overlying rock-soil body in the goaf is influenced by the expansion coefficient, so that the surface subsidence cannot be caused, and the engineering geological disaster can be caused;
5. the mining operation is safe and environment-friendly, the top protection layer of the bauxite is not reserved, the size of the bauxite pillar is reduced, the resource recovery rate is improved to 60-80% from the original 30-40%, and the comprehensive economic benefit of the mine is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the partition of an independent disk area and the operation of the inside of a strip gob in the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a loess transporting system according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the sub-unit division and operation sequence in the stripe goaf according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure system of the filled independent disk area of the present embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a z-direction displacement simulation diagram of the reserved protective top layer and the point pillar support system according to the embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a z-direction stress simulation diagram of the reserved protective top layer and the point pillar supporting system according to the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a simulation diagram of z-directional displacement between the loess stud and the reserved thin stripe pillar in the present embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a z-direction stress simulation diagram of the loess stud and the reserved thin stripe pillar in the present embodiment;
wherein: 1-disc area; 2-loess stud; 3-reserving thin strip ore pillars; 4-drilling for loess transportation; 5-waste rock filling body; 6-loess bulk point; 7-a haulage roadway; 8-a vein-penetrating roadway; 9-loess transport route; 10-a body to be mined; 11-a goaf; 12-a first subunit; 13-a second subunit; 14-third subunit.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An underground supporting system for loess pillars and reserved thin stripe pillars comprises a plurality of mutually independent panel areas 1, strip mining is carried out in each panel area 1, each n strips are a circulating operation unit, and each strip is provided with a goaf 11 and a reserved thin stripe pillar 3;
a plurality of loess studs are arranged in the goaf 11, and each loess stud 2 is formed by stacking a plurality of loess bags; loess studs of two adjacent goafs 11 are arranged in a staggered manner to form a staggered frame structure; the gob 11 of each strip is subdivided into 2-3 filling operation subunits;
a filling waste rock filling body 5 is formed in a closed space between the reserved thin strip ore pillar 3 and the loess studs 2, and the filling waste rock mainly plays a role in supporting rock mass around the stope so as to reduce deformation and spalling of the stope surrounding rock; in the goaf 11, a bag of loess bags is used to form loess pillars and filled with waste rock, and then loess is piled to circulate.
The loess bag is formed by placing loess on the ground surface into the underground from the bottom, sealing by manual or mechanical filling of a woven belt, carrying and stacking the goaf 11 by a forklift, and carrying out roof connection. The longitudinal section of the loess room column 2 is trapezoidal, the width of the top end is 5.0-8.0m, the slope angle close to the haulage roadway 7 is 80-90 degrees, and the slope angle in the dead zone is 30-35 degrees. The artificial studs of the adjacent strip goafs 11 are arranged in a staggered manner to form a staggered frame structure, the bearing capacity of the supporting system is multiplied, the safety environment of mining operation is improved, and large deformation of the goafs is controlled.
The width of the reserved thin strip ore pillar 3 is less than 1.0m, the length is the length of the panel strip, meanwhile, the top protection layer of bauxite is not reserved, and the recovery rate of bauxite is improved to 60-80% from the original 30-40%. The reserved thin strip ore pillars 3 are mainly distributed on two sides of the goaf 11 and mainly play a role in supporting the stability of the goaf 11 under the action of the triaxial pressure of waste rock filling.
Adopting loess transportation drill holes 4 (geological drill holes) and a grid sieve (the geological drill holes mainly play a role of a passage for transporting loess resources, the grid sieve mainly plays a role of an appliance for adapting the drill holes to bear the loess), selecting a valley region by utilizing the characteristics of the gully and landform of the loess plateau and abundant loess resources, sliding the loess on the ground surface to a loess bulk-packing point 6 of an underground concentration region, and filling the loess in a woven bag and sealing the bag; the diameter of the drilled hole is about 1.2 times of the diameter of the I-steel grid screen, the drilling position is determined according to the number of the burden disc areas and the area size of the disc areas, loess is not priced, the materials are taken from the ground surface nearby, the materials are taken from the tunneling mining waste rocks nearby, the transportation cost is only shoveled, and the cost of filling materials is greatly reduced.
A construction method of an underground supporting system of loess studs and reserved thin-strip ore pillars comprises the following steps:
step a, dividing a plurality of mutually independent disc areas 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the deposit is divided into independent panels having a length L of 100 to 120M and a width M of 100 to 120M. Strip mining is carried out in each panel area, each 4 strips are an operation unit, and each strip comprises 1 stope (empty area) and 1 reserved thin strip interval column (smaller than 1.0 m). Each strip goaf 11 is further finely divided into 2-3 filling operation subunits (the filling operation space between each loess interlining is called as a filling operation subunit), and no bauxite top-protecting layer is left in the stope.
Step b, self-distilling the loess and bagging. As shown in fig. 2, a valley flat zone is selected, a drilling geological sleeve hole and a lattice sieve are arranged, the diameter of the drilling hole is about 1.2 times of the aperture of the I-shaped steel lattice sieve, the loess on the ground surface is slid downwards to a loess scattering point 6 in an underground concentration area, and manual or mechanical filling and sealing are carried out by using a woven bag. Each hole location is about 400 square meters per square meter of four panels depending on the number of loaded panels and the size of the stope area).
And c, constructing a loess stud. As shown in fig. 3, 3-4 loess pillars are arranged at the contact position of the goaf 11 and the haulage roadway 7 and inside the goaf 11, bagged loess is transported by a small forklift along the loess transportation route 9, and the loess pillars are stacked layer by layer to form loess artificial pillars. The longitudinal section of the loess room column is trapezoidal, the length of the strip ore column is about 100-120m, the length of each filling subunit is about 30-40m, the top end width L1 of the stope height of 3.0m is 5.0-8.0m, the slope angle close to the haulage roadway 7 is 90 degrees, the slope angle in the dead zone is 30-35 degrees, and L2 and L3 are the length of the strip and the length of the filling operation subunit respectively.
And d, filling waste rocks. As shown in fig. 3, the waste rocks are transported to the gob 11 through the tunnel 8 by a tricycle, and are leveled up and down layer by a small backhoe or manually until the height of the gob 11 is about 4/5, and the height L4 is about 2.4-2.6m, and the first subunit 12 → the second subunit 13 → the third subunit 14 are sequentially filled in a backward type.
And e, circularly operating. And (4) repeating the steps c and d in a retreat mode until each body to be mined 10 is mined and the filling operation is finished, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
And f, spraying water, solidifying and plugging. The bagged loess studs of the two-side haulage roadways 7 are sprayed with water to solidify loess, and obstruct air from entering the goaf 11 channels, so as to eliminate the weathering condition of the hard clay rocks on the top plate.
Fig. 5 shows a Z-direction displacement simulation result of the original supporting system in the original point column mining mode top protective layer + reserved point column supporting system, and from the result, the Z-direction displacement of the original supporting system is greatly changed, the goaf 11 is in a large displacement change state, and the goaf 11 has a risk of instability and collapse.
Fig. 6 is a simulation result of the Z-direction stress of the original supporting system, namely the top protecting layer and the reserved point pillar supporting system, in the original point pillar mining mode, the result shows that the Z-direction of the original supporting system is large in positive pressure and stress is concentrated, the contact area of ore pillars and a roof is small, and the stress borne by the ore pillars is large, so that the goaf is in a destabilization state.
Fig. 7 is a simulation result of stress in the Z direction of the loess stud + reserved thin-strip pillar according to the present invention, and from the result, the positive and negative displacements of the frame structure support system in the Z direction are significantly reduced relative to the original support system, and the goaf has no large displacement change and is in a stable state.
Fig. 8 shows the simulation result of the Z-direction displacement of the loess pillars + the reserved thin-banded pillars in the present invention, and from the result, the Z-direction of the frame structure supporting system is seen, the positive pressure is significantly reduced compared with the original supporting system, the contact area of the pillars and the roof is increased, the stress borne by the pillars is greatly reduced, the goaf has no large stress, and the goaf is in a stable state.
TABLE 1 simulation result comparison of reserved top protection layer + point pillar supporting system and loess pillar and reserved thin strip pillar system
Table 1 is the simulation result contrast of top protection layer + reservation point post braced system with loess interlude + reservation thin strip ore pillar, and the result contrast is found, and frame construction braced system's displacement change and normal stress all obviously are less than former braced system, and frame construction braced system is in stable condition.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The construction method of the underground support system of the loess room columns and the reserved thin stripe ore columns is characterized by comprising a plurality of mutually independent panel areas (1), wherein each panel area (1) adopts strip mining, and each strip is provided with a goaf (11) and the reserved thin stripe ore columns (3);
the goaf (11) of each strip is subdivided into a plurality of filling operation subunits; a plurality of loess studs are arranged in the goaf (11), and each loess stud (2) is formed by stacking a plurality of loess bags; loess studs of two adjacent goafs (11) are arranged in a staggered manner to form a staggered frame structure;
waste rocks are filled in a closed space between the reserved thin strip ore pillars (3) and the loess intermediate pillars (2), and the closed space mainly plays a role in supporting rock bodies around a stope so as to reduce deformation and flaking of stope surrounding rocks;
the method comprises the following steps:
step a, dividing the independent panel into a plurality of mutually independent panels (1), carrying out strip mining in each panel (1), wherein each n strip is an operation unit, and each strip comprises a goaf (11) and a reserved thin strip ore pillar (3); each strip goaf (11) is finely divided into a plurality of filling operation sub-units, and no bauxite top protection layer is left in the goaf (11);
b, selecting a valley flat zone, utilizing a loess transportation system (5) to slide the loess on the ground surface to an underground concentration area, utilizing a woven bag to fill and seal manually or mechanically,
arranging a drilling geological sleeve hole and a lattice-matching sieve, wherein the diameter of a drilling hole is about 1.2-1.4 times of the diameter of an I-shaped steel lattice sieve, sliding the loess on the ground surface to a downhole concentration area, and sealing by manual or mechanical filling of a woven bag, wherein each drilling hole position is determined according to the number of the burden disc areas and the area size of a stope;
c, arranging 3-4 loess pillars at the contact position of the goaf (11) and the haulage roadway (7) and inside the goaf (11), carrying bagged loess by using a small forklift, and stacking and jacking layer by layer to form an artificial loess pillar; the longitudinal section of the loess room column is trapezoidal, the width L1 of the top end is 5.0-8.0m, the slope angle close to the haulage roadway (7) is 80-90 degrees, and the slope angle in the empty area is 30-35 degrees;
d, filling the waste rocks, namely transporting the waste rocks to the goaf (11) by using a vehicle, piling up and rolling the waste rocks layer by layer to 4/5 at the height of the goaf (11) by using a small-sized backhoe or manpower, and performing backward filling operation according to the sequence of subunits;
e, circularly operating, namely repeating the step c and the step d in a backward mode until the operation of each strip goaf (11) is finished;
and f, water spraying consolidation and plugging, wherein loess pillars at two sides of the transportation roadway (7) are bagged, water spraying is carried out, loess is consolidated, air is prevented from entering a channel of the goaf (11), and the weathering condition of the hard clay rock of the top plate is eliminated.
2. The construction method of the loess stud and underground supporting system of the reserved thin strip pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein each loess bag is filled with loess from the earth surface to the underground by manual or mechanical means.
3. The construction method of the loess stud and the underground supporting system of the reserved thin strip pillar as claimed in claim 2, wherein the loess stud (2) has a trapezoidal longitudinal section and a top width of 5.0-8.0 m.
4. The construction method of the loess stud and the underground supporting system of the reserved thin strip ore pillars as set forth in claim 3, wherein the inner slope angle of the goaf (11) is 30-35 °.
5. The construction method of the loess stud and underground supporting system of the reserved thin strip ore pillars as set forth in claim 4, wherein an adjacent haulage roadway (7) and a tunnel (8) are provided between each panel zone (1).
6. The construction method of the loess stud and underground supporting system of the reserved thin strip ore pillars of claim 5, wherein the adjacent haulage roadway slope angle is 80-90 °.
7. The construction method of the loess stud and reserved thin stripe ore pillar underground supporting system according to claim 6, wherein the reserved thin stripe ore pillars (3) are mainly distributed at both sides of the gob (11) to mainly play a role of supporting the gob (11) under the triaxial pressure of waste rock filling.
8. The construction method of the loess stud and reserved thin strip ore pillar underground supporting system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reserved thin strip ore pillar (3) is less than 1.0m without reserving a bauxite capping layer.
9. The construction method of the loess stud and underground supporting system for the reserved thin strip ore pillars as claimed in claim 8, wherein the loess transporting system (5) comprises a plurality of drilled holes (4) and grizzly screens, the diameter of each drilled hole (4) is 1.2-1.4 times of the diameter of the I-steel grizzly screen, and the position of each drilled hole is determined according to the number of the burden disc areas and the area size of the disc areas.
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| CN111550244A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-18 | 武汉理工大学 | Mining method for layered strips of gently inclined ore body |
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| CN103147761A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-06-12 | 武汉科技大学 | Filling mining method of gently inclined thin mineral deposit with soft roof |
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| CN108104869A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-01 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of continuous stoping method of mining by the way of filling of gently inclined medium thick orebody |
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| CN110318803A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-11 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of formula interval placement method using granular media filler |
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| CN111550244A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-18 | 武汉理工大学 | Mining method for layered strips of gently inclined ore body |
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