CN112228070A - Method for excavating cavern by arc-shaped drilling splitting method - Google Patents
Method for excavating cavern by arc-shaped drilling splitting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112228070A CN112228070A CN202011090873.8A CN202011090873A CN112228070A CN 112228070 A CN112228070 A CN 112228070A CN 202011090873 A CN202011090873 A CN 202011090873A CN 112228070 A CN112228070 A CN 112228070A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/08—Devices with pistons, plungers, or the like, pressed locally against the wall of the borehole
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for excavating a cavern by using an arc-shaped drilling splitting method, belongs to the technical field of cavern excavation construction, and provides a method for excavating the cavern by using the arc-shaped drilling splitting method, which does not need non-blasting and is convenient to operate, and comprises the following steps of: arranging a central hole at the central part of the bottom of the rock wall to be excavated in the cavern, outwards and sequentially spreading a plurality of layers of distribution lines at intervals by taking the central hole as the center of a circle, and arranging a plurality of drilling positions at intervals along each layer of distribution line; step two, drilling operation: drilling at each drilling position to form a split hole; step three, extrusion splitting and crushing: firstly, drilling and excavating a central hole to form a free face, and then sequentially carrying out splitting and crushing operation on all splitting holes in each layer by layer from the central hole outwards. The invention does not need to use civil blasting articles, can quickly carry out work, and has low cost and small safety risk; the excavation vibration is small, and the influence on the peripheral existing structures, equipment and facilities is small.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cavern excavation construction, in particular to a method for excavating a cavern by using an arc-shaped drilling splitting method.
Background
In the exploration construction of the geological exploration hole well, a drilling blasting method is generally adopted for construction, namely, a pneumatic drill is firstly adopted for drilling holes, the hole diameter is generally smaller than 32mm except for cut holes, then explosive is placed in the holes for blasting, broken rock bodies are removed after the rock is broken, and therefore the excavation and tunneling operation is completed. However, due to the strict management of civil blasting articles, the purchase, transportation, storage and use of the civil blasting articles are complex and long in time, and the process is high in cost and high in safety risk; the large vibration during blasting has great influence on surrounding buildings, equipment facilities, environment and the like. In order to solve the problems of complex approval, long time, high cost, high safety risk, great influence on the surrounding environment and the like, the construction process needs to be changed, and non-blasting construction is adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a method for excavating a cavern by using a circular arc drilling splitting method, which does not need non-blasting and is convenient to operate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for excavating a cavern by an arc-shaped drilling splitting method comprises the following steps:
step one, drilling arrangement: arranging a central hole at the central part of the bottom of the rock wall to be excavated in the cavern, outwards and sequentially spreading a plurality of layers of distribution lines at intervals by taking the central hole as the center of a circle, and arranging a plurality of drilling positions at intervals along each layer of distribution line;
step two, drilling operation: erecting a drilling machine according to the distribution position of each drilling position, and performing drilling operation at each drilling position to form a split hole;
step three, extrusion splitting and crushing: firstly, drilling and excavating a central hole to form a free face, and then sequentially carrying out splitting and crushing operation on all splitting holes in each layer from the central hole to the outside layer by layer; the splitting and crushing operation specifically comprises the following steps: placing a splitting plug into the splitting hole, communicating the splitting plug with a supercharging device through a pipeline, expanding the splitting plug through the supercharging of the supercharging device to apply expansion pressure to the hole wall, and crushing the rock body under the action of the expansion force;
and circulating the first step to the third step until the excavation of the cavern is finished.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the supercharging equipment is a hydraulic pump or an air compressor.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the drilling operation adopts an air or hydraulic impact drilling machine.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the aperture of the cleavage hole is not less than 70mm, and the depth of the cleavage hole is 1-1.5 m.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the aperture of the cleavage hole is 130mm or 110 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for excavating the cavern by the arc-shaped drilling splitting method, civil blasting articles are not needed, related examination and approval work is not needed, the work can be carried out quickly, the cost is low, and the safety risk is small; the excavation vibration is small, and the influence on the peripheral existing structures, equipment and facilities is small. Moreover, only corresponding drilling and splitting crushing operations are needed for each circulating excavation construction, the operation process is very simple and convenient, and the workload is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic distribution diagram of each layer of cleavage holes in the circular arc drilling cleavage method according to the present invention;
labeled as: center hole 1, distribution line 2, splitting hole 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
It should be noted that, if directional indications are used in the present invention, such as terms of directions and orientations of up, down, left, right, front and back, the terms are used to facilitate description of relative positional relationship between members, and an absolute position that is not a positional relationship between related members and members is specifically used only to explain a relative positional relationship between members and a motion situation, etc. in a specific posture, if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.
The invention relates to a method for excavating a cavern by using an arc-shaped drilling splitting method, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, drilling arrangement: a central hole 1 is arranged at the central part of the bottom of the ground rock wall to be excavated in the cavern, a plurality of layers of distribution lines 2 are outwards and sequentially distributed at intervals in a diffused manner by taking the central hole as the center of a circle, and a plurality of drilling positions are distributed at intervals along each layer of distribution line 2;
step two, drilling operation: erecting a drilling machine according to the distribution position of each drilling position, and performing drilling operation at each drilling position to form a split hole 3;
step three, extrusion splitting and crushing: firstly, drilling and excavating a central hole 1 to form a free face, and then sequentially carrying out splitting and crushing operation on each splitting hole 3 in each layer by layer from the central hole 1 outwards; the splitting and crushing operation specifically comprises the following steps: placing a splitting plug into the splitting hole 3, communicating the splitting plug with a supercharging device through a pipeline, expanding the splitting plug through the supercharging of the supercharging device to apply expansion pressure to the hole wall, and crushing the rock body under the action of the expansion force;
and circulating the first step to the third step until the excavation of the cavern is finished.
When the drill holes are arranged, the distribution of the drill hole positions can be reasonably set according to factors such as actual geological conditions, chamber sizes and the like, and it is ensured that rock mass fractures corresponding to each layer can be broken through the adjacent fracturing holes 3 in the subsequent extrusion fracturing and breaking process, so that the aim of smoothly fracturing and excavating is fulfilled.
In addition, each layer of distribution lines 2 is arranged by outward layer-by-layer diffusion with the central hole 1 as the center of a circle, so that the arrangement has the advantage that only the central hole 1 needs to be actively drilled and excavated to form a free surface at the beginning; subsequently, extrusion splitting crushing excavation of the whole excavation surface can be realized by expanding splitting excavation outwards layer by layer; therefore, the initial excavation can be effectively reduced to form the excavation workload of the face empty face, the construction difficulty is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.
In addition, in the present invention, the drilling work is to erect the drilling machine according to the distribution position of each drilling position, and the drilling work is performed at each drilling position to form the cleavage hole 3. More specifically, the drilling operation preferably employs an air or hydraulic hammer drill. In addition, for the bore hole, i.e., the aperture size of the cleavage hole 3, it is preferably set to not less than 70mm in the present invention; such as 130mm or 110 mm; the depth of the cleavage hole 3 is generally set to 1-1.5 m, and the cleavage hole can be properly adjusted according to the degree of fracture, hardness and the like of the rock body.
In addition, after the drilling is finished, the drilling hole can be cleaned, so that the effective loading of the follow-up splitting plug is ensured.
When the extrusion splitting crushing is carried out, the splitting operation can be carried out on the splitting holes 3 in each layer one by one or simultaneously. And when the splitting operation is carried out on the splitting holes 3 one by one, the splitting operation should be carried out from one end to the splitting hole 3 at the other end along the distribution line 2 of the layer in sequence so as to improve the splitting effect on the rock body.
In addition, the pressurizing device of the invention can be particularly arranged as a hydraulic pump or a pneumatic pump to supply corresponding high-pressure liquid or high-pressure gas into the cleaving plug so as to expand the cleaving plug. Specifically, the hydraulic pump or the pneumatic pump should meet the requirement that the splitting plug generates the expansion acting force required for splitting the rock body; as is common, the splitting plug can be arranged to generate the extrusion strength of more than 20Mpa, and a corresponding hydraulic pump or a corresponding pneumatic pump with corresponding power is required to be matched.
In addition, according to the first step to the third step of the method, the rock body with a certain thickness can be subjected to splitting excavation; therefore, in order to excavate the whole cavern, the first step to the third step are needed to be circulated until the cavern excavation is completed.
Claims (5)
1. A method for excavating a cavern by an arc-shaped drilling splitting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, drilling arrangement: a central hole (1) is arranged at the central part of the bottom of the cavern where the rock wall needs to be excavated, a plurality of layers of distribution lines (2) are outwards and sequentially distributed at intervals in a diffused manner by taking the central hole as the center of a circle, and a plurality of drilling positions are distributed at intervals along each layer of distribution line (2);
step two, drilling operation: erecting a drilling machine according to the distribution position of each drilling position, and performing drilling operation at each drilling position to form a split hole (3);
step three, extrusion splitting and crushing: firstly, drilling and excavating a central hole (1) to form a free face, and then sequentially carrying out splitting and crushing operation on each splitting hole (3) in each layer by layer from the central hole (1) outwards; the splitting and crushing operation specifically comprises the following steps: the splitting plug is placed into the splitting hole (3), the splitting plug is communicated with a pressurizing device through a pipeline, the splitting plug is expanded through pressurization of the pressurizing device to apply expansion pressure to the hole wall, and the rock body is crushed under the action of expansion force;
and circulating the first step to the third step until the excavation of the cavern is finished.
2. The method for excavating the cavern by the arc drilling splitting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the supercharging equipment is a hydraulic pump or an air compressor.
3. The method for excavating the cavern by the arc drilling splitting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drilling operation adopts an air or hydraulic impact drilling machine.
4. A method for excavating a chamber by using the circular arc drilling splitting method according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein: the aperture of the cleavage hole (3) is not less than 70mm, and the depth of the cleavage hole (3) is 1-1.5 m.
5. The method for excavating the cavern by the arc drilling splitting method according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aperture of the cleavage hole (3) is 130mm or 110 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011090873.8A CN112228070A (en) | 2020-10-13 | 2020-10-13 | Method for excavating cavern by arc-shaped drilling splitting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011090873.8A CN112228070A (en) | 2020-10-13 | 2020-10-13 | Method for excavating cavern by arc-shaped drilling splitting method |
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| CN112228070A true CN112228070A (en) | 2021-01-15 |
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| CN202011090873.8A Pending CN112228070A (en) | 2020-10-13 | 2020-10-13 | Method for excavating cavern by arc-shaped drilling splitting method |
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Citations (9)
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| CN105134221A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 江苏安能钻掘设备科技有限公司 | Cannon-free mechanical tunneling technology for hard rock |
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| CN108266226A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-10 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of rock burst solution danger method based on hydraulic machinery splitting |
| JP2018193678A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-12-06 | 株式会社増岡組 | Tunnel drilling method |
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| CN111734421A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-02 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Drilling and splitting excavation construction method |
-
2020
- 2020-10-13 CN CN202011090873.8A patent/CN112228070A/en active Pending
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| CN105134221A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 江苏安能钻掘设备科技有限公司 | Cannon-free mechanical tunneling technology for hard rock |
| CN205403623U (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-07-27 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel blast construction cloth hole auxiliary device |
| JP2018193678A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-12-06 | 株式会社増岡組 | Tunnel drilling method |
| CN108266226A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-10 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of rock burst solution danger method based on hydraulic machinery splitting |
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| CN110219653A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-10 | 中铁隧道集团三处有限公司 | A kind of rectangular hydraulic splitting excavation method of Tunneling by mining method |
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Application publication date: 20210115 |