CN112226612B - Roasting dust collection process of low-sulfur copper concentrate - Google Patents

Roasting dust collection process of low-sulfur copper concentrate Download PDF

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CN112226612B
CN112226612B CN202011178328.4A CN202011178328A CN112226612B CN 112226612 B CN112226612 B CN 112226612B CN 202011178328 A CN202011178328 A CN 202011178328A CN 112226612 B CN112226612 B CN 112226612B
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flue gas
calcine
washing
water quenching
low
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CN112226612A (en
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孙留根
杨永强
杨玮娇
韦其晋
马鑫铭
张逸飞
张胜梅
彭煜华
张正阳
牛犁
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BGRIMM Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02Roasting processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/502Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/26Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0002Preliminary treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/60Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/602Oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/025Other waste gases from metallurgy plants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

A roasting dust collection process of low-sulfur copper concentrate belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy and comprises the following steps: (1) size mixing: and (4) crushing and grinding the low-sulfur copper concentrate, and adding the crushed copper concentrate into the granulated coal for size mixing to obtain mixed ore pulp. (2) Boiling roasting: and feeding the ore pulp into a fluidized bed roaster through pulp feeding, and carrying out suspension roasting to obtain calcine and flue gas. And discharging part of the calcine through an overflow port, and sending the calcine to a leaching workshop after water quenching. (4) Flue gas dust collection: and cooling the flue gas and the calcine carried by the flue gas, and recovering waste heat to obtain smoke dust and waste gas. (5) Flue gas washing: and (3) conveying the smoke dust to a water quenching tank for water quenching, and then pumping the smoke dust into a thickener to obtain dense underflow and overflow. And (5) conveying the bottom flow to a leaching workshop for treatment. And (3) overflowing and circularly washing the waste gas, neutralizing to obtain a washing liquid, feeding the washing liquid into a smoke dust water quenching tank, and washing the waste gas and then discharging the waste gas after reaching the standard through primary electric fog treatment. The process has strong operability, the slurry feeding operation is simple and convenient, the sulfur content of the boiling roasting flue gas is as low as 0.1 percent, and the circular washing is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

Roasting dust collection process of low-sulfur copper concentrate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a roasting dust collection process of low-sulfur copper concentrate.
Background
The pre-oxidation treatment of the concentrate (containing copper, gold and the like) mainly comprises three methods of roasting oxidation, pressure oxidation and bacterial oxidation. Roasting is the most attractive treatment method in the ore oxidation process by using the advantages of mature process, strong adaptability, simple operation, reliable technology, low investment cost and the like as the traditional process. The circulating fluidized roasting technology is used for directly roasting and pre-oxidizing low-sulfur concentrate, so that valuable metals wrapped by sulfide ores and part of valuable metals wrapped by gangue can be dissociated, and the problem that the low-sulfur ore cannot self-heat in the traditional roasting process can be solved by adding a proper amount of coal into raw materials, but the traditional fluidized roasting process adopts dry feeding, and the feeding mode not only easily causes dust pollution in a workshop, but also has the problem of how to control the input amount and feeding speed of materials.
The roasting temperature is a main factor influencing the quality of roasted sand, the roasting temperature is too low, the oxidation rate is slow, and the roasted product is easy to have a sandwich phenomenon and is not beneficial to the extraction of subsequent valuable metals; the roasting temperature is too high, which is beneficial to removing carbon and sulfur, but the phenomenon of 'sintering' is easy to occur at the too high temperature, which not only influences the quality of the roasted product, but also easily causes the sulfur content in the flue gas to be higher. For the boiling firing of a dry feed system, how to control the firing temperature is a significant difficulty.
With the national enhancement of the environmental protection requirement and the reduction of the emission limit, the traditional single fluidized bed furnace flue gas purification method cannot meet the environmental protection requirement, and the combined type smoke treatment is imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of roasting low-sulfur copper concentrate, recover valuable metals of copper and cobalt in roasted sand to meet corresponding requirements, and realize comprehensive recovery and utilization of sulfur and waste heat while solving the problem of flue gas desulfurization.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a roasting dust collection process of low-sulfur copper concentrate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) size mixing: crushing and grinding the low-sulfur copper concentrate, adding granulated coal into the crushed and ground low-sulfur copper concentrate containing 65-75% of water, and mixing and pulping in a pulp mixing tank to obtain mixed pulp;
(2) boiling roasting: feeding the ore pulp obtained in the step (1) into a fluidized bed roaster through pulp feeding, and performing suspension roasting to obtain roasted sand and flue gas; discharging part of the calcine through an overflow port, and discharging the rest of the calcine along with flue gas;
(3) water quenching and leaching: water quenching the part of the calcine discharged from the overflow port in the step (2), and sending the part of the calcine to a copper leaching workshop for treatment;
(4) collecting dust from flue gas: cooling the flue gas obtained in the step (2) and the calcine carried by the flue gas, and recovering waste heat to obtain smoke dust and waste gas;
(5) flue gas washing: conveying the smoke dust obtained in the step (4) to a water quenching tank for water quenching, and then pumping the smoke dust into a thickener to obtain thick underflow and overflow; the bottom flow of the thickener is sent to a cobalt leaching workshop for treatment; the waste gas obtained in the step (4) is washed by overflowing circulation of a thickener, a washing liquid is obtained after neutralization, and purified flue gas is obtained after washing of the waste gas; the cleaning solution enters a smoke dust water quenching tank, and the purified flue gas is subjected to primary electric fog treatment and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
Further, the low-sulfur copper concentrate comprises the following main elements in percentage by mass: 45-55% of copper, 0.3-0.8% of cobalt, 6-15% of sulfur, 0.3-0.8 g/t of gold and 8.5-15 g/t of silver.
Further: the granularity of the granular coal in the step (1) is 3-5 mm, and the addition amount of the granular coal is 30-45 kg/t-ore.
Further, the paddle type feeding in the step (2) is specifically as follows: the ore pulp is pumped into an ore pulp distribution groove at the top of the fluidized bed furnace through a diaphragm pump and then automatically flows into the fluidized bed furnace. Further, the feed rate of the slurry is controlled by adjusting the frequency of the diaphragm pump.
Further, the roasting temperature in the step (2) is 550-700 ℃.
Further, the mass percentage of the calcine discharged from the overflow port in the step (2) to the whole calcine is as follows: 35-45%.
Further, the cooling and waste heat recovery in the step (4) are specifically as follows: firstly, reducing the temperature of the flue gas to 580-650 ℃ through a cyclone dust collector, and then, reducing the temperature of the flue gas to 200-250 ℃ in a waste heat boiler; the waste heat boiler recovers the heat of the flue gas and generates low-pressure steam, and the steam amount is 5.5-6 t/h.
Further, the cyclic washing of the step (5) is specifically as follows: overflowing the thickener to flow into a cooling circulation tank, then entering a cooling tower, and cooling the liquid to enter a spraying circulation tank; a part of liquid in the spraying circulation groove enters an empty tower to contact with the waste gas obtained in the step (4), and the liquid is subjected to adiabatic evaporation to reduce the temperature of the waste gas to 55-70 ℃; a part of liquid in the spraying circulation tank enters a foam tower, and the cooled waste gas enters the foam tower for dedusting to obtain purified flue gas; and neutralizing the liquid flowing out of the empty tower and the foam tower, flowing into a water quenching tank, and then entering a thickener for thickening to form overflow again. The flow rate of the liquid for circular washing is preferably 350-450 m3/h。
Further, the neutralization mode of the step (5) is as follows: and (3) absorbing sulfur dioxide by using alkaline minerals (such as CuO, MgO and CaO) in the smoke.
The invention provides a method for recycling valuable elements copper and cobalt in low-sulfur copper concentrate by taking the low-sulfur copper concentrate as a raw material and adopting a new process of size mixing, fluidized bed roasting, calcine water quenching, flue gas dust collection and flue gas washing, and simultaneously realizing comprehensive recycling of sulfur and waste heat. Provides a new economic and environment-friendly process idea for the low-sulfur copper concentrate. Compared with the existing copper concentrate process, the method has the following advantages:
(1) the process has strong operability, the slurry feeding saves a granulated coal conveying belt, and reduces the pollution of conveying equipment and conveying lift; the paddle feeding amount can be adjusted only by adjusting the frequency of the diaphragm pump;
(2) the boiling roasting adopts positive pressure operation without a draught fan; the sulfur content of the generated flue gas is low and is only 0.1%, the low-temperature flue gas waste heat can be recycled, and the amount of the generated low-pressure steam can reach 6 t/h.
(3) The alkaline minerals in the smoke can react with the dilute acid in the washing liquid by circulating washing, so that the sulfur dioxide in the smoke is recycled, the lime for neutralization is saved, and the method is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
(4) The flue gas washing system adopts a hollow tower, a foam tower, electric fog and cooling tower combined device to realize dust removal, desulfurization and cooling of flue gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in the following with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the roasting dust collection process for low-sulfur copper concentrate provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) size mixing: and (3) carrying out crushing and grinding on the low-sulfur copper concentrate, adding 65-75% of water in the treated ore, blending with granulated coal, and mixing and size-mixing in a size mixing tank to obtain mixed ore pulp.
(2) Boiling roasting: and (2) feeding the ore pulp obtained in the step (1) into a fluidized bed roaster through pulp feeding, and performing suspension roasting at a certain roasting temperature by controlling the pulp feeding amount to obtain roasted sand and flue gas. And discharging part of the calcine through an overflow port, carrying out water quenching, and then conveying the calcine to a copper leaching workshop, wherein the rest calcine enters the next step along with the flue gas.
(4) Flue gas dust collection: and (3) cooling the flue gas obtained in the step (2) and the calcine carried by the flue gas, and recovering waste heat to obtain smoke dust and waste gas.
(5) Flue gas washing: conveying the smoke dust obtained in the step (4) to a water quenching tank for water quenching, and then pumping the smoke dust into a thickener to obtain thick underflow and overflow; the bottom flow of the thickener is sent to a cobalt leaching workshop for treatment; the waste gas obtained in the step (4) is washed by overflowing circulation of a thickener, a washing liquid is obtained after neutralization, and purified flue gas is obtained after washing of the waste gas; the cleaning solution enters a smoke dust water quenching tank, and the purified flue gas is subjected to primary electric fog treatment and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
Example 1
Low-sulfur copper concentrate (copper Cu 45%, cobalt Co 0.3%, sulfur S6%, gold Au 0.3g/t, silver Ag 8.5 g/t) containing 65% of water was added with granulated coal having a particle size of 3mm by a bag breaker in an amount of 40 kg/t-ore, and after having been slurried in a slurry tank, suspension roasting was carried out in a fluidized bed furnace by slurry feeding at a roasting temperature of 650 ℃. Discharging 60% of the calcined sand from the overflow port, and feeding the calcined sand after water quenchingCopper leaching plant. 40 percent of the calcine enters the smoke washing procedure along with the smoke. The sulfur content of the flue gas is 0.1%, the flue gas is firstly cooled to 600 ℃ by a cyclone dust collector, then the flue gas enters a waste heat boiler to recover the waste heat of the flue gas to produce low-pressure steam of 5.5t/h, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 250 ℃. And the smoke dust obtained by the waste heat boiler is conveyed to a smoke dust water quenching tank through a scraper conveyor and then is pumped into a deep cone thickener. And (4) conveying the concentrated bottom flow to a cobalt leaching workshop. The dense overflow enters a cooling circulation tank and then passes through a cooling tower to a spraying circulation tank with the volume of 400m3The spraying amount per hour enters an empty tower and a foam tower. The liquid contacts with the waste gas discharged by the waste heat boiler in the empty tower, and the liquid is subjected to heat insulation evaporation and temperature reduction, and the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃. The waste gas is dedusted by the foam tower, and the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃. And neutralizing the spray liquid of the empty tower and the foam tower, then entering a water quenching tank, and returning to the deep cone thickener. The flue gas is washed, and then is subjected to primary electric fog dust removal and sulfur trioxide emission after reaching standards.
Example 2
Low-sulfur copper concentrate (copper Cu 52%, cobalt Co 0.6%, sulfur S9%, gold Au 0.6g/t, silver Ag 10 g/t) containing 68% of water is added with granulated coal with the grain diameter of 3mm through a bag breaker, the addition amount of the granulated coal is 45 kg/t-ore, and after the mixture is sized in a size mixing tank, suspension roasting is carried out in a fluidized bed furnace through slurry feeding, and the roasting temperature is 680 ℃. Discharging 65% of the calcine from an overflow port, and feeding the calcine into a copper leaching workshop after water quenching. And 35 percent of the calcine enters a smoke washing procedure along with smoke. The sulfur content of the flue gas is 0.1%, the flue gas is firstly cooled to 580 ℃ by a cyclone dust collector, then the flue gas enters a waste heat boiler to recover the waste heat of the flue gas to produce low-pressure steam of 5.2t/h, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 230 ℃. And the smoke dust obtained by the waste heat boiler is conveyed to a smoke dust water quenching tank through a scraper conveyor and then is pumped into a deep cone thickener. And (4) conveying the concentrated bottom flow to a cobalt leaching workshop. The dense overflow enters a cooling circulation tank and then passes through a cooling tower to a spraying circulation tank at a height of 420m3The spraying amount per hour enters an empty tower and a foam tower. The liquid contacts with the waste gas discharged by the waste heat boiler in the empty tower, and the liquid is subjected to heat insulation evaporation and temperature reduction, and the temperature is reduced to 55 ℃. The waste gas is dedusted by the foam tower, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 45 ℃. And neutralizing the spray liquid of the empty tower and the foam tower, then entering a water quenching tank, and returning to the deep cone thickener. After the flue gas is washed, the flue gas is dedusted by primary electric fog and sulfur trioxide is generatedDischarging after reaching the standard.
Example 3
70% water low-sulfur copper concentrate (copper Cu 45%, cobalt Co 0.5%, sulfur S10%, gold Au 0.6g/t, silver Ag 9.5 g/t), adding granulated coal with the particle size of 5mm through a bag breaker, wherein the addition amount of the granulated coal is 40 kg/t-ore, after size mixing in a size mixing tank, performing suspension roasting in a fluidized bed furnace through size feeding, and the roasting temperature is 700 ℃. Discharging 60% of the calcine from an overflow port, and feeding the calcine into a copper leaching workshop after water quenching. 40 percent of the calcine enters the smoke washing procedure along with the smoke. The sulfur content of the flue gas is 0.1%, the flue gas is firstly cooled to 600 ℃ by a cyclone dust collector, then the flue gas enters a waste heat boiler to recover the waste heat of the flue gas to produce low-pressure steam of 6.5t/h, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 250 ℃. The smoke dust obtained by the waste heat boiler is conveyed to a smoke dust water quenching tank through a scraper conveyor, then is pumped into a deep cone thickener, the dense bottom flow is conveyed to a cobalt leaching workshop, the dense overflow enters a cooling circulation tank, and then is conveyed to a spraying circulation tank through a cooling tower at 450m3The spraying amount per hour enters an empty tower and a foam tower. The liquid contacts with the waste gas discharged by the waste heat boiler in the empty tower, and the liquid is subjected to heat insulation evaporation and temperature reduction, and the temperature is reduced to 65 ℃. The waste gas is dedusted by the foam tower, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 40 ℃. And neutralizing the spray liquid of the empty tower and the foam tower, then entering a water quenching tank, and returning to the deep cone thickener. The flue gas is washed, and then is subjected to primary electric fog dust removal and sulfur trioxide emission after reaching standards.

Claims (9)

1. The roasting dust collection process of the low-sulfur copper concentrate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) size mixing: crushing and grinding the low-sulfur copper concentrate, adding granulated coal into the crushed and ground low-sulfur copper concentrate containing 65-75% of water, and mixing and pulping in a pulp mixing tank to obtain mixed ore pulp;
(2) boiling roasting: feeding the ore pulp obtained in the step (1) into a fluidized bed roaster through pulp feeding, and performing suspension roasting to obtain roasted sand and flue gas; discharging part of the calcine through an overflow port, and discharging the rest calcine along with flue gas;
(3) water quenching and leaching: water quenching the part of the calcine discharged from the overflow port in the step (2), and sending the part of the calcine to a copper leaching workshop for treatment;
(4) flue gas dust collection: cooling the flue gas obtained in the step (2) and the calcine carried by the flue gas, and recovering waste heat to obtain smoke dust and waste gas;
(5) flue gas washing: conveying the smoke dust obtained in the step (4) to a water quenching tank for water quenching, and then pumping the smoke dust into a thickener to obtain thick underflow and overflow; the bottom stream of the thickener is sent to a cobalt leaching workshop for treatment; the waste gas obtained in the step (4) is washed by overflowing circulation of a thickener, a washing liquid is obtained after neutralization, and purified flue gas is obtained after washing of the waste gas; the cleaning solution enters a smoke dust water quenching tank, and the purified flue gas is subjected to primary electric fog treatment and then is discharged after reaching the standard; the circulating washing specifically comprises the following steps: overflowing the thickener to flow into a cooling circulation tank, then entering a cooling tower, and cooling the liquid to enter a spraying circulation tank; a part of liquid in the spraying circulation groove enters an empty tower to contact with the waste gas obtained in the step (4), and the liquid is subjected to adiabatic evaporation to reduce the temperature of the waste gas to 55-70 ℃; a part of liquid in the spraying circulation tank enters a foam tower, and the cooled waste gas enters the foam tower for dedusting to obtain purified flue gas; neutralizing the liquid flowing out of the empty tower and the foam tower, then flowing into a water quenching tank, and then entering a thickener for thickening to form overflow again; the flow rate of the liquid for circular washing is 350-450 m3/h。
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the low-sulfur copper concentrate comprises the following main elements in percentage by mass: 45-55% of copper, 0.3-0.8% of cobalt, 6-15% of sulfur, 0.3-0.8 g/t of gold and 8.5-15 g/t of silver.
3. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the granularity of the granular coal in the step (1) is 3-5 mm, and the addition amount of the granular coal is 30-45 kg/t-ore.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the paddle-type feed of step (2) is specifically: and pumping the ore pulp into an ore pulp distribution groove at the top of the fluidized bed furnace through a diaphragm pump, and then automatically flowing into the fluidized bed furnace.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the feed rate of the slurry is controlled by adjusting the frequency of the diaphragm pump.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature in the step (2) is 550 to 700 ℃.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the calcine discharged from the overflow port in the step (2) to the whole calcine is as follows: 35-45%.
8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the cooling and waste heat recovery of step (4) are specifically: firstly, reducing the temperature of the flue gas to 580-650 ℃ through a cyclone dust collector, and then, entering a waste heat boiler to reduce the temperature of the flue gas to 200-250 ℃; the waste heat boiler recovers the heat of the flue gas and generates low-pressure steam, and the steam amount is 5.5-6 t/h.
9. The process of claim 1, wherein the neutralization mode of step (5) is: and absorbing sulfur dioxide by adopting alkaline minerals in the smoke dust.
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