CN112225196A - Method for preparing carbon-based negative electrode material from ester bond-rich waste plastic and application of carbon-based negative electrode material - Google Patents
Method for preparing carbon-based negative electrode material from ester bond-rich waste plastic and application of carbon-based negative electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a carbon-based negative electrode material by using ester bond-rich waste plastics and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials, pretreating the raw materials, calcining the raw materials, post-treating hard carbon, preparing slurry, processing a pole piece and assembling a battery, wherein the raw materials are used as electrode materials for sodium storage of a sodium ion battery; the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is directly converted into the high-performance sodium ion battery hard carbon negative electrode material through a simple heat treatment method, the raw material rich in ester bonds can form a highly cross-linked hard carbon structure in the carbonization process due to the existence of oxygen elements, thereby inhibiting graphitization and obtaining a carbon material with high coulombic efficiency and sodium storage capacity for the first time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of carbon-based materials, in particular to a method for preparing a carbon-based negative electrode material by using ester bond-rich waste plastics and application of the carbon-based negative electrode material.
Background
With the increasing consumption of fossil fuels and the increasing increase of environmental pollution, the utilization of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy and the like is more and more concerned, and the development of large-scale energy storage technology is more and more concerned;
the electrode material is a key factor influencing the performance of the sodium-ion battery, but the sodium storage capacity of the commercialized graphite cathode of the lithium-ion battery is very low and cannot be used as the cathode material of the sodium-ion battery, while the hard carbon belonging to the same carbon-based material has relatively excellent sodium storage capacity and is the most mature cathode material of the sodium-ion battery at present, but the method for preparing the hard carbon material at present has high cost, complex process, no environmental protection and unstable raw material source for preparation, and the prepared hard carbon material has low sodium storage capacity and low initial coulombic efficiency, so that the existing preparation method has no good economic benefit, and therefore, the invention provides the method for preparing the carbon-based cathode material by using the waste plastic rich in ester bonds and the application thereof to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing a carbon-based negative electrode material from waste plastics rich in ester bonds and a use thereof, wherein the method directly converts the waste plastics rich in ester bonds into a high-performance hard carbon negative electrode material for a sodium ion battery through a simple heat treatment method, and the method has the advantage of low cost and provides a new method for producing a high value-added product from the waste plastics.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for preparing the carbon-based negative electrode material by using the waste plastic rich in ester bonds comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: raw material selection
Firstly, selecting and purchasing a certain amount of waste plastics rich in ester bonds from a waste purchasing station, then sterilizing and disinfecting the selected and purchased waste plastics rich in ester bonds by using an ultraviolet germicidal lamp, cleaning and classifying the sterilized waste plastics rich in ester bonds, and finally placing the cleaned and classified waste plastics rich in ester bonds in a ventilated and cool place for natural airing for later use;
step two: pretreatment of raw materials
Firstly crushing the dried waste plastics rich in ester bonds into waste plastic fragments, and then placing the waste plastic sheets subjected to screening and impurity removal into a storage box for temporary storage;
step three: calcination of raw materials
According to the second step, the waste plastic sheets in the storage box are firstly put into a calcining furnace for calcining, meanwhile, calcining atmosphere is filled into the calcining furnace in the calcining process, and after the calcining process is finished, the calcined materials are naturally cooled and then taken out, so that the hard carbon material is obtained;
step four: hard carbon post-treatment
According to the third step, firstly crushing the cooled hard carbon material into hard carbon blocks by using a reaction crusher, then grinding the hard carbon blocks into hard carbon powder by using a grinder, then screening the hard carbon powder by using a screening machine to obtain a carbon-based material, and finally placing the carbon-based material into a vacuum storage tank for temporary storage for later use;
step five: preparation of the slurry
According to the fourth step, firstly weighing a certain amount of sodium alginate binder according to a specified proportion, putting the sodium alginate binder into a weighing bottle, then weighing a certain amount of deionized water according to a specified proportion, adding the deionized water into the weighing bottle, then mixing and stirring the sodium alginate binder and the deionized water in the weighing bottle to obtain a mixed liquid, then weighing a certain amount of carbon-based material, a conductive agent and a binder according to a specified proportion, uniformly grinding the materials by a grinding machine to obtain a mixed powder, and finally mixing and stirring the mixed liquid and the mixed powder uniformly to obtain a slurry;
step six: pole piece processing
Selecting a copper foil and cleaning, then uniformly press-coating the slurry on the clean copper foil, drying the uniformly press-coated copper foil to obtain a semi-finished pole piece, and finally punching the semi-finished pole piece into a round pole piece by a punching machine for later use;
step seven: battery assembly
According to the sixth step, the processed round pole piece is placed into a glove box, then the self-made sodium piece is used as a counter electrode, the 2025 button cell is assembled, and 1MNaPF is filled in the assembly process6The method comprises the steps of conducting EC/DMC solution of salt, sealing the assembled battery and standing for 10 hours to obtain a sodium ion battery, testing the electrochemical performance of the battery on a charge-discharge tester in a constant current mode after the assembled battery stands for a specified time, setting the charge-discharge current density according to experimental design, and setting the voltage range to be 0-2.5V.
The further improvement lies in that: in the first step, the waste plastic rich in ester bonds comprises waste polycarbonate, waste polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, the disinfection and sterilization time of the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is 30 minutes, the washing mode of the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is tap water washing, the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is divided into polycarbonate plastic, waste polyethylene terephthalate plastic and polybutylene terephthalate plastic according to materials, and the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is naturally dried until the surface of the waste plastic is free from water stains.
The further improvement lies in that: and in the second step, a plastic crusher is adopted to crush the waste plastic rich in ester bonds, and the waste plastic sheets with overlarge volumes are thrown into the crushed material crusher to be crushed again in the screening process of the waste plastic sheets until the volumes of the waste plastic sheets reach the standard.
The further improvement lies in that: in the third step, the calcining temperature in the calcining furnace is set to be 600-1800 ℃ in the calcining process, the heating rate in the calcining furnace is 1-10 ℃, and the calcining atmosphere filled in the calcining furnace is Ar or N2.
The further improvement lies in that: in the fifth step, the deionized water is prepared by removing ionic impurities in water through ion exchange resin, the mixing and stirring time of the sodium alginate binder and the deionized water in the weighing bottle is 10 minutes, and the stirring time of the mixed liquid and the mixed powder is 15 minutes.
The further improvement lies in that: and sixthly, performing vacuum drying on the copper foil uniformly coated by pressing by using a vacuum dryer, wherein the drying temperature is set to be 120 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is set to be 10 hours.
The application of the carbon-based negative electrode material prepared from waste plastics rich in ester bonds is to use the carbon-based negative electrode material as an electrode material for sodium storage of a sodium ion battery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is directly converted into the high-performance sodium ion battery hard carbon negative electrode material through a simple heat treatment method, the raw material rich in ester bonds can form a highly cross-linked hard carbon structure in the carbonization process due to the existence of oxygen elements, thereby inhibiting graphitization and obtaining a carbon material with high coulombic efficiency and sodium storage capacity for the first time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the first charge and discharge properties of polycarbonate at different carbonization temperatures during calcination according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the first charge and discharge performance of polyethylene terephthalate at different carbonization temperatures during calcination according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of rate capability of polycarbonate at different carbonization temperatures during calcination according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of rate capability of polyethylene terephthalate at different carbonization temperatures during calcination according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the cycling performance of polycarbonate at different carbonization temperatures during calcination according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the cycling performance of polyethylene terephthalate at different carbonization temperatures during calcination according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a carbon-based negative electrode material from ester bond-rich waste plastics and a use thereof, including the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: raw material selection
Firstly, selecting and purchasing a certain amount of waste plastics rich in ester bonds from a waste purchasing station, then sterilizing and disinfecting the selected and purchased waste plastics rich in ester bonds by an ultraviolet germicidal lamp, cleaning and classifying the sterilized waste plastics rich in ester bonds, finally placing the cleaned and classified waste plastics rich in ester bonds in a ventilated and cool place for natural airing for later use, wherein the waste plastics rich in ester bonds comprise waste polycarbonate, waste polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, the disinfection and sterilization time of the waste plastics rich in ester bonds is 30 minutes, the cleaning mode of the waste plastics rich in ester bonds is tap water flushing, the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is divided into polycarbonate plastic, waste polyethylene terephthalate plastic and polybutylene terephthalate plastic according to the materials, and the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is naturally dried until the surface of the waste plastic is free from water stains;
step two: pretreatment of raw materials
Firstly crushing the dried waste plastic rich in ester bonds into waste plastic fragments, then placing the waste plastic sheets after screening and impurity removal into a storage box for temporary storage, crushing the waste plastic rich in ester bonds by using a plastic crusher during crushing, and putting the waste plastic sheets with overlarge volume into the crushed material crusher during screening of the waste plastic sheets for secondary crushing until the volume of the waste plastic sheets reaches the standard;
step three: calcination of raw materials
According to the second step, firstly, the waste plastic sheets in the storage box are put into a calcining furnace for calcining, meanwhile, calcining atmosphere is filled into the calcining furnace in the calcining process, the calcined substances are naturally cooled and then taken out after calcining is finished, the hard carbon material is obtained, the calcining temperature in the calcining furnace is set to be 600-1800 ℃ in the calcining process, the heating rate in the calcining furnace is set to be 1-10 ℃, and the calcining atmosphere filled in the calcining furnace is Ar or N2;
step four: hard carbon post-treatment
According to the third step, firstly crushing the cooled hard carbon material into hard carbon blocks by using a reaction crusher, then grinding the hard carbon blocks into hard carbon powder by using a grinder, then screening the hard carbon powder by using a screening machine to obtain a carbon-based material, and finally placing the carbon-based material into a vacuum storage tank for temporary storage for later use;
step five: preparation of the slurry
According to the fourth step, firstly weighing a certain amount of sodium alginate binder according to a specified proportion, putting the sodium alginate binder into a weighing bottle, then weighing a certain amount of deionized water according to a specified proportion, adding the deionized water into the weighing bottle, then mixing and stirring the sodium alginate binder and the deionized water in the weighing bottle to obtain a mixed liquid, then weighing a certain amount of carbon-based material, a conductive agent and a binding agent according to a specified proportion, uniformly grinding the carbon-based material, the conductive agent and the binding agent by a grinding machine to obtain a mixed powder, and finally mixing and stirring the mixed liquid and the mixed powder uniformly to obtain a slurry, wherein the deionized water is prepared by removing ionic impurities in water by using ion exchange resin, the mixing and stirring time of the sodium alginate binder and the deionized water in the weighing bottle is 10 minutes, and the stirring time of the mixed;
step six: pole piece processing
Selecting a copper foil and cleaning, then uniformly coating the slurry on the clean copper foil, performing vacuum drying on the uniformly coated copper foil by using a vacuum dryer, setting the drying temperature to be 120 ℃ in the drying process, setting the drying time to be 10 hours to obtain a semi-finished pole piece, and finally punching the semi-finished pole piece into a round pole piece by using a punching machine for standby;
step seven: battery assembly
According to the sixth step, the processed round pole piece is placed into a glove box, then the self-made sodium piece is used as a counter electrode, the 2025 button cell is assembled, and 1MNaPF is filled in the assembly process6The method comprises the steps of conducting EC/DMC solution of salt, sealing the assembled battery and standing for 10 hours to obtain a sodium ion battery, testing the electrochemical performance of the battery on a charge-discharge tester in a constant current mode after the assembled battery stands for a specified time, setting the charge-discharge current density according to experimental design, and setting the voltage range to be 0-2.5V.
The application of the carbon-based negative electrode material prepared from waste plastics rich in ester bonds is to use the carbon-based negative electrode material as an electrode material for sodium storage of a sodium ion battery.
The method for preparing the carbon-based negative electrode material from the ester bond-rich waste plastic directly converts the ester bond-rich waste plastic into the high-performance sodium ion battery hard carbon negative electrode material through a simple heat treatment method, and the ester bond-rich raw material can form a highly cross-linked hard carbon structure in a carbonization process due to the existence of oxygen element, so that graphitization is inhibited, and a carbon material with high coulombic efficiency and sodium storage capacity for the first time is obtained.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. The method for preparing the carbon-based negative electrode material by using the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: raw material selection
Firstly, selecting and purchasing a certain amount of waste plastics rich in ester bonds from a waste purchasing station, then sterilizing and disinfecting the selected and purchased waste plastics rich in ester bonds by using an ultraviolet germicidal lamp, cleaning and classifying the sterilized waste plastics rich in ester bonds, and finally placing the cleaned and classified waste plastics rich in ester bonds in a ventilated and cool place for natural airing for later use;
step two: pretreatment of raw materials
Firstly crushing the dried waste plastics rich in ester bonds into waste plastic fragments, and then placing the waste plastic sheets subjected to screening and impurity removal into a storage box for temporary storage;
step three: calcination of raw materials
According to the second step, the waste plastic sheets in the storage box are firstly put into a calcining furnace for calcining, meanwhile, calcining atmosphere is filled into the calcining furnace in the calcining process, and after the calcining process is finished, the calcined materials are naturally cooled and then taken out, so that the hard carbon material is obtained;
step four: hard carbon post-treatment
According to the third step, firstly crushing the cooled hard carbon material into hard carbon blocks by using a reaction crusher, then grinding the hard carbon blocks into hard carbon powder by using a grinder, then screening the hard carbon powder by using a screening machine to obtain a carbon-based material, and finally placing the carbon-based material into a vacuum storage tank for temporary storage for later use;
step five: preparation of the slurry
According to the fourth step, firstly weighing a certain amount of sodium alginate binder according to a specified proportion, putting the sodium alginate binder into a weighing bottle, then weighing a certain amount of deionized water according to a specified proportion, adding the deionized water into the weighing bottle, then mixing and stirring the sodium alginate binder and the deionized water in the weighing bottle to obtain a mixed liquid, then weighing a certain amount of carbon-based material, a conductive agent and a binder according to a specified proportion, uniformly grinding the materials by a grinding machine to obtain a mixed powder, and finally mixing and stirring the mixed liquid and the mixed powder uniformly to obtain a slurry;
step six: pole piece processing
Selecting a copper foil and cleaning, then uniformly press-coating the slurry on the clean copper foil, drying the uniformly press-coated copper foil to obtain a semi-finished pole piece, and finally punching the semi-finished pole piece into a round pole piece by a punching machine for later use;
step seven: battery assembly
According to the sixth step, the processed round pole piece is placed into a glove box, then the self-made sodium piece is used as a counter electrode, the 2025 button cell is assembled, and 1MNaPF is filled in the assembly process6The method comprises the steps of conducting EC/DMC solution of salt, sealing the assembled battery and standing for 10 hours to obtain a sodium ion battery, testing the electrochemical performance of the battery on a charge-discharge tester in a constant current mode after the assembled battery stands for a specified time, setting the charge-discharge current density according to experimental design, and setting the voltage range to be 0-2.5V.
2. The method for preparing the carbon-based negative electrode material by using the ester bond-rich waste plastic as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the waste plastic rich in ester bonds comprises waste polycarbonate, waste polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, the disinfection and sterilization time of the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is 30 minutes, the washing mode of the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is tap water washing, the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is divided into polycarbonate plastic, waste polyethylene terephthalate plastic and polybutylene terephthalate plastic according to materials, and the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is naturally dried until the surface of the waste plastic is free from water stains.
3. The method for preparing the carbon-based negative electrode material by using the ester bond-rich waste plastic as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, a plastic crusher is adopted to crush the waste plastic rich in ester bonds, and the waste plastic sheets with overlarge volumes are thrown into the crushed material crusher to be crushed again in the screening process of the waste plastic sheets until the volumes of the waste plastic sheets reach the standard.
4. The method for preparing the carbon-based negative electrode material by using the ester bond-rich waste plastic as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the calcining temperature in the calcining furnace is set to be 600-1800 ℃ in the calcining process, the heating rate in the calcining furnace is set to be 1-10 ℃, and the calcining temperature is set to be 600-1800 DEG CThe calcining atmosphere filled in the furnace is Ar or N2。
5. The method for preparing the carbon-based negative electrode material by using the ester bond-rich waste plastic as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, the deionized water is prepared by removing ionic impurities in water through ion exchange resin, the mixing and stirring time of the sodium alginate binder and the deionized water in the weighing bottle is 10 minutes, and the stirring time of the mixed liquid and the mixed powder is 15 minutes.
6. The method for preparing the carbon-based negative electrode material by using the ester bond-rich waste plastic as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and sixthly, performing vacuum drying on the copper foil uniformly coated by pressing by using a vacuum dryer, wherein the drying temperature is set to be 120 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is set to be 10 hours.
7. The application of the carbon-based negative electrode material prepared from the waste plastic rich in ester bonds is characterized in that: the carbon-based negative electrode material is used as an electrode material for sodium storage of the sodium ion battery.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114853003A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of waste plastic blended and co-thermally converted low-rank coal-based hard carbon material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114853003A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of waste plastic blended and co-thermally converted low-rank coal-based hard carbon material |
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