CN107381570B - Method for preparing bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material by physical activation method - Google Patents
Method for preparing bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material by physical activation method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000209128 Bambusa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyoxyethylene cetyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
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- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a physical activation method for preparing a bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material, which comprises the steps of cleaning and drying bamboos, placing the dried bamboos in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a high-temperature furnace, carbonizing the bamboos at high temperature under the protection of argon gas to obtain bamboo charcoal, grinding the bamboo charcoal into powder, sieving the powder to obtain bamboo charcoal powder with uniform particles, introducing the bamboo charcoal powder into carbon dioxide for high-temperature activation, naturally cooling to obtain an activated bamboo charcoal material, and soaking the bamboo charcoal material in deionized water and ethanol respectively to obtain the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of lithium ion battery electrode materials, relates to bamboo charcoal materials, and particularly relates to bamboo charcoal electrode materials applied to a lithium ion battery, which are prepared by carbonizing and physically activating bamboo.
Background
The lithium ion battery is small in volume and high in energy density, is very promising energy sources, and can be applied to various electric devices, the development of a new electrode material of the lithium ion battery is the key for improving the performance of the lithium ion battery, at present, the cheap and easily available active carbon material is an electrode material of the lithium ion battery applied more than , and the theoretical capacity of the active carbon material is 372 mAh/g.
The bamboo charcoal is cheap, renewable and environment-friendly porous carbon materials, currently, is widely applied to adsorption of harmful substances, bamboo and waste materials thereof can be carbonized at high temperature under the protection of nitrogen to prepare the bamboo charcoal, the bamboo charcoal can maintain the biological network structure of the bamboo and can provide migration of lithium ions, therefore, the bamboo charcoal is very potential lithium ion battery anode materials3PO4、ZnCl2And the method has high cost and environmental pollution problem of .
In the invention, the bamboo charcoal biomass raw material with rich sources is used as a precursor, the lithium ion battery electrode material with high specific capacitance is prepared by a simple carbonization and clean physical activation pore-forming method, the bamboo charcoal material with high specific capacitance (300.9mAh/g) is obtained for the first time, the cycle service life and the stability are , the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal material is still kept at about 52% after the bamboo charcoal material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C, and the bamboo charcoal material prepared by the method can be successfully applied to the lithium ion battery electrode material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of poor cycle performance and high price of raw materials of the conventional battery, and provides a preparation method of bamboo charcoal serving as a lithium ion battery electrode material, which adopts a high-temperature carbonization and clean activation method-physical activation mode to prepare the lithium ion battery electrode material with excellent performance and long cycle service life.
objects of the present invention are to address at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there are provided physical activation methods for preparing a bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material, comprising the steps of:
, respectively washing the bamboo with ethanol and deionized water, and drying at 60-120 ℃ for 12-48 hours;
step two, placing the dried bamboo in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a high-temperature furnace, heating to 500-;
grinding the bamboo charcoal into powder, and sieving the powder by using a sieve with 10-300 meshes to obtain bamboo charcoal powder with uniform particles;
step four, heating the bamboo charcoal powder to 500-1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-30 ℃/min, and simultaneously introducing a physical activator CO at a rate of 10-500sccm2Activating for 1-12 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the activated bamboo charcoal material;
and step five, soaking the bamboo charcoal material in deionized water and ethanol respectively to obtain the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the temperature rising process of the activation is as follows: heating to 250-300 ℃ at the speed of 2-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90-120 min, heating to 500-700 ℃ at the speed of 0.5-1.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5 h, heating to 800-1000 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 h, and completing activation.
Preferably, the activation is carried out in a high-temperature rotary activation furnace, and the rotating speed of the high-temperature rotary activation furnace is 15-20 r/min.
Preferably, the step and the step II further comprise the following steps of crushing dried bamboos, sieving the crushed bamboos by using a sieve of 50-100 meshes, adding 20-30 parts by weight of sieved bamboo powder, 5-10 parts by weight of modifier, 3-5 parts by weight of pore-forming agent, 3-5 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 30-50 parts by weight of hot water into a stainless steel spherical container, placing the spherical container on a four-axis grinder, starting the four-axis grinder, driving the stainless steel spherical container to randomly rotate, reacting for 30-60 min, and directly drying the reacted mixed solution to obtain the modified bamboos, wherein a feed inlet of the stainless steel spherical container is sealed by a threaded cover, and the threaded cover is flush with the surface of the stainless steel spherical container after being sealed and connected.
Preferably, the modifier is or a combination of more of triblock copolymer F127, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene-polystyrene block copolymer or polystyrene-polyvinylpyridine block copolymer.
Preferably, the modifier is a triblock copolymer F127 and a polyoxyethylene-polystyrene block copolymer in a weight ratio of 1:2, the pore-forming agent is any of ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 1-2 mol/L, and the temperature of the hot water is 100 ℃.
Preferably, the step of drying the reacted mixture directly further comprises: grinding the modified bamboo uniformly, adding the ground modified bamboo into a reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle in a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to 200-300 ℃ at a program of 1-5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 1-3 hours.
Preferably, the rotating speed of a driving shaft of the four-shaft grinding instrument is 100-150 rpm, and the random conversion frequency is 30-60 s.
Preferably, the process of the step five is replaced by: adding a bamboo charcoal material into a stainless steel spherical container, adding deionized water, sealing the spherical container through a threaded cover, placing the spherical container on a four-axis grinding instrument, starting the four-axis grinding instrument, driving the stainless steel spherical container to randomly rotate for 30-60 min, filtering and drying; then, by adopting the same method as the method, adding ethanol and the dried bamboo charcoal material into a stainless steel spherical container, and randomly rotating the stainless steel spherical container on a four-axis grinding instrument for 30-60 min; drying to obtain the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material; the rotation speed of a driving shaft of the four-shaft grinding instrument is 30-60 rpm, and the random conversion frequency is 10-30 s.
Preferably, the drying is performed by microwave radiation, and the process is as follows: putting the filtered bamboo charcoal material into a quartz dryer, and then putting the quartz dryer into a microwave radiation reaction furnace; introducing nitrogen at the speed of 50-100 mL/min, and performing microwave radiation drying treatment on the precipitate; the conditions of the microwave radiation drying treatment are as follows: the microwave radiation frequency is 2450 +/-50 MHz, the microwave radiation unit power is 0.10-1.00 w/g, the microwave radiation time is 30-60 min, and the microwave radiation temperature is 50-70 ℃.
The preparation method at least has the following beneficial effects that the preparation method has the characteristics of simple and easy operation, strong repeatability, low cost and no pollution to the environment, and the carbonized and clean physical activation preparation method can effectively increase the specific surface area of the material when the bamboo charcoal material prepared by the method is used as the electrode material of the lithium ion battery, thereby improving the battery capacity by steps and enhancing the cycle performance of the battery.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a XRD pattern of bamboo charcoal prepared in example 1 according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an SEM picture of bamboo charcoal prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a charge-discharge specific capacitance diagram of the bamboo charcoal material prepared in example 1 of the present invention as an electrode material of a lithium ion battery.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures to enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It should be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of or more other elements or combinations thereof.
Example 1:
method for preparing bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material by physical activation method, comprising the following steps:
, respectively washing bamboo with ethanol and deionized water, and drying at 80 deg.C for 24 hr;
step two, placing the dried bamboo in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a high-temperature tube furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 30 ℃/min under the protection of argon, and carbonizing for 2 hours to obtain bamboo charcoal;
grinding the bamboo charcoal into powder, and sieving the powder by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo charcoal powder with uniform particles;
step four, heating the bamboo charcoal powder to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 30 ℃/min, and simultaneously introducing a physical activator CO at the rate of 20sccm2Activating for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the activated bamboo charcoal material;
step five, soaking the bamboo charcoal material in deionized water and ethanol respectively to obtain a bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material, wherein fig. 1 is a bamboo charcoal XRD chart prepared in example 1, wherein the abscissa is an angle, and the ordinate is relative strength, fig. 1 shows that wider camel-shaped diffraction peaks exist near 23.5 ° and 43.5 ° 2 θ, indicating that the obtained bamboo charcoal is an amorphous graphite carbon structure, fig. 2 is a SEM bamboo charcoal chart prepared in example 1 of the present invention, fig. 2 shows that the bamboo charcoal has a graphene-like lamellar structure, i.e., a natural graphene-like lamellar structure is prepared by a simple carbonization and physical activation method, and the bamboo charcoal surface has a porous structure, fig. 3 is a specific charge-discharge capacity chart of the bamboo charcoal material prepared in example 1 of the present invention as a lithium ion battery electrode material, fig. 3 shows that the specific charge-discharge capacity of the bamboo charcoal material for the first time is 300.9 h/g, and after the bamboo charcoal material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C, the specific capacity of the bamboo charcoal material is still kept at about 52%, and the activation method of the carbonization is used for successfully adjusting the lithium ion battery electrode material, thereby obtaining a friendly lithium ion battery with service life.
Example 2:
method for preparing bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material by physical activation method, comprising the following steps:
, respectively washing bamboo with ethanol and deionized water, and drying at 100 deg.C for 24 hr;
step two, placing the dried bamboo in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a high-temperature tube furnace, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min under the protection of argon, and carbonizing for 2 hours to obtain bamboo charcoal;
grinding the bamboo charcoal into powder, and sieving the powder by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo charcoal powder with uniform particles;
step four, heating the bamboo charcoal powder to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and introducing a physical activator CO at the speed of 20sccm2Activating for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the activated bamboo charcoal material;
and step five, soaking the bamboo charcoal material in deionized water and ethanol respectively to obtain the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material. The bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material has the specific discharge capacity of 301.2mAh/g for the first time, and the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is still maintained at about 53% after the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C.
Example 3:
method for preparing bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material by physical activation method, comprising the following steps:
, respectively washing bamboo with ethanol and deionized water, and drying at 120 deg.C for 24 hr;
step two, placing the dried bamboo in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a high-temperature tube furnace, heating to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min under the protection of argon, and carbonizing for 2 hours to obtain bamboo charcoal;
grinding the bamboo charcoal into powder, and sieving the powder by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo charcoal powder with uniform particles;
step four, heating the bamboo charcoal powder to 750 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, and simultaneously introducing a physical activator CO at the rate of 100sccm2Activating for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the activated bamboo charcoal material;
and step five, soaking the bamboo charcoal material in deionized water and ethanol respectively to obtain the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material. The bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material has the first discharge specific capacity of 301.5mAh/g, and the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is still kept about 52% after the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C.
Example 4:
method for preparing bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material by physical activation method, comprising the following steps:
, respectively washing bamboo with ethanol and deionized water, and drying at 80 deg.C for 24 hr;
step two, placing the dried bamboo in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a high-temperature tube furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min under the protection of argon, and carbonizing for 2 hours to obtain bamboo charcoal;
grinding the bamboo charcoal into powder, and sieving the powder by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo charcoal powder with uniform particles;
step four, heating the bamboo charcoal powder to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and introducing a physical activator CO at a rate of 50sccm2Activating for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the activated bamboo charcoal material;
and step five, soaking the bamboo charcoal material in deionized water and ethanol respectively to obtain the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material. The bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material has a first discharge specific capacity of 302.2mAh/g, and the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is still kept about 51% after the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C.
Example 5:
in the fourth step, the temperature rise process of the activation is replaced by raising the temperature to 300 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 120min, raising the temperature to 600 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 3h, raising the temperature to 800 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 5h, and completing the activation, wherein the activation is carried out in a high-temperature rotary activation furnace, the rotation speed of the high-temperature rotary activation furnace is 15r/min, the rest parameters and the process are completely the same as those in the embodiment 1, the first discharge specific capacity of the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material is 310.5mAh/g, the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material is still kept at about 58% after the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C, the gradient temperature rise process is adopted, the utilization rate of the activation energy is.
Example 6:
in the fourth step, the temperature rising process of the activation is replaced by: heating to 250 deg.C at a speed of 2 deg.C/min, maintaining for 90min, heating to 700 deg.C at a speed of 1.5 deg.C/min, maintaining for 3h, heating to 800 deg.C at a speed of 5 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 6h to complete activation; the activation is carried out in a high-temperature rotary activation furnace, and the rotating speed of the high-temperature rotary activation furnace is 20 r/min. The remaining parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 1. The remaining parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 1. The bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material has a first discharge specific capacity of 311.2mAh/g, and the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is still kept at about 59% after the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C.
Example 7:
the method comprises the following steps , wherein the steps II comprise the steps of crushing dried bamboos, sieving the crushed bamboos by a 100-mesh sieve, taking 25 parts by weight of sieved bamboo powder, 10 parts by weight of a modifier, 5 parts by weight of a pore-forming agent, 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 40 parts by weight of hot water, adding the sieved bamboo powder, 10 parts by weight of a modifier, 5 parts by weight of a pore-forming agent, 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 40 parts by weight of hot water into a stainless steel spherical container, placing the spherical container on a four-axis grinding instrument, starting the four-axis grinding instrument to drive the stainless steel spherical container to rotate randomly, reacting for 30min, directly drying a reacted mixed solution to obtain modified bamboos, wherein a feed inlet of the stainless steel spherical container is sealed by a threaded cover, the threaded cover is flush with the surface of the stainless steel spherical container after being sealed and connected, the modifier is triblock copolymer F127, the pore-forming agent is ammonium carbonate, the hydrochloric acid has a concentration of 1mol/L, the hot water temperature of 100 ℃, the other parameters and the process are completely the same as those in embodiment 1, the electrode material of the bamboo-based on the bamboo charcoal electrode material, the bamboo charcoal-based on the bamboo-based lithium ion battery electrode material, the bamboo-ion battery, the bamboo-ion-.
Example 8:
the method comprises the following steps and step two, wherein the dried bamboo is crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, 30 parts by weight of sieved bamboo powder, 8 parts by weight of modifier, 3 parts by weight of pore former, 5 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 50 parts by weight of hot water are added into a stainless steel spherical container, the spherical container is placed on a four-axis grinding instrument, the four-axis grinding instrument is started to drive the stainless steel spherical container to rotate randomly and react for 60min, the reacted mixed solution is directly dried to obtain the modified bamboo, a feed inlet of the stainless steel spherical container is sealed by a threaded cap, the threaded cap is flush with the surface of the stainless steel spherical container after being sealed and connected, the rotating speed of a driving shaft of the four-axis grinding instrument is 100rpm, the random conversion frequency is 30s, the modifier is triblock copolymer F127 and polyoxyethylene-polystyrene block copolymer with the weight ratio of 1:2, the pore former is sodium bicarbonate, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 2mol/L, the temperature of the hot water is 100 ℃, the rest parameters and the technological process are completely the same as those of the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery in example 1, the lithium ion battery, the initial discharge capacity is kept at 325.3% of the lithium ion battery, and the charge-discharge capacity is kept at the first time of 500.32 h.
Example 9:
the method is characterized by also comprising the following steps of directly drying the reacted mixed solution: grinding the modified bamboo uniformly, adding the ground bamboo into a reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle in a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to 200 ℃ at a program of 2 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 1 hour. The remaining parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 8. The bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material has the first discharge specific capacity of 328.5mAh/g, and the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is still maintained at about 70% after the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C.
Example 10:
the process of the step five is replaced by: adding bamboo charcoal material into a stainless steel spherical container, adding deionized water, sealing the spherical container with a screw cap, placing on a four-axis grinding instrument, starting the four-axis grinding instrument, driving the stainless steel spherical container to randomly rotate for 30min, filtering, and drying; then, by adopting the same method as the above, adding ethanol and dried bamboo charcoal material into a stainless steel spherical container, and randomly rotating on a four-axis grinding instrument for 30 min; drying to obtain the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material; the rotation speed of the driving shaft of the four-shaft grinding instrument is 30rpm, and the random conversion frequency is 10 s. The remaining parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 1. The bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material has the first discharge specific capacity of 312.5mAh/g, and the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is still kept about 60% after the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C.
Example 11:
the drying adopts microwave radiation drying, and the process is as follows: putting the filtered bamboo charcoal material into a quartz dryer, and then putting the quartz dryer into a microwave radiation reaction furnace; introducing nitrogen at the speed of 100mL/min, and performing microwave radiation drying treatment on the precipitate; the conditions of the microwave radiation drying treatment are as follows: the microwave radiation frequency is 2450 +/-50 MHz, the microwave radiation unit power is 0.5w/g, the microwave radiation time is 30min, and the microwave radiation temperature is 70 ℃. The remaining parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 10. The bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material has a first discharge specific capacity of 317.5mAh/g, and the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is still kept at about 65% after the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C. The bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material is dried by microwave radiation, microwaves are generated inside a heated object, a heat source comes from the inside of the object, heating is uniform, the quality of the bamboo charcoal material is improved, meanwhile, due to the fact that heating is carried out inside and outside, heating time is greatly shortened, heating efficiency is high, the yield of the bamboo charcoal material is improved, and the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material with excellent performance is obtained.
Example 12:
the step and the step II further comprise the following processes that the dried bamboo is smashed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, 25 parts by weight of the sieved bamboo powder, 10 parts by weight of modifier, 5 parts by weight of pore former, 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 40 parts by weight of hot water are added into a stainless steel spherical container, the spherical container is placed on a four-axis grinding instrument, the four-axis grinding instrument is started to drive the stainless steel spherical container to rotate randomly and react for 30min, the reacted mixed solution is directly dried to obtain the modified bamboo, a feed inlet of the stainless steel spherical container is sealed by a threaded cover, the threaded cover is flush with the surface of the stainless steel spherical container after being connected in a sealing mode, the modifier is triblock copolymer F127, the pore former is ammonium carbonate, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 1mol/L, the temperature of the hot water is 100 ℃, other parameters and the technological process are completely the same as those in the embodiment 6, the first discharge specific capacity of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is 331.2mAh/g, and the charge-discharge specific capacity of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery is still kept at about 75% after the cycle of the lithium ion battery is.
Example 13:
the method comprises the following steps and step two, wherein the dried bamboo is smashed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, 25 parts by weight of the sieved bamboo powder, 10 parts by weight of a modifier, 5 parts by weight of a pore-forming agent, 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 40 parts by weight of hot water are added into a stainless steel spherical container, the spherical container is placed on a four-axis grinding instrument, the four-axis grinding instrument is started to drive the stainless steel spherical container to rotate randomly and react for 30min, the reacted mixed solution is directly dried to obtain the modified bamboo, a feed inlet of the stainless steel spherical container is sealed by a threaded cover, the threaded cover is flush with the surface of the stainless steel spherical container after being connected in a sealing mode, the modifier is a triblock copolymer F127, the pore-forming agent is ammonium carbonate, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1mol/L, the temperature of the hot water is 100 ℃, other parameters and the technological process are completely the same as those in example 10, the first discharge specific capacity of the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material is 328.2mAh/g, and after the cycle of the cycle under the condition of 0.1C, the capacity of the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion.
Example 14:
the step and the step II further comprise the following processes that the dried bamboo is smashed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, 25 parts by weight of the sieved bamboo powder, 10 parts by weight of modifier, 5 parts by weight of pore former, 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 40 parts by weight of hot water are added into a stainless steel spherical container, the spherical container is placed on a four-axis grinding instrument, the four-axis grinding instrument is started to drive the stainless steel spherical container to rotate randomly and react for 30min, the reacted mixed solution is directly dried to obtain the modified bamboo, a feed inlet of the stainless steel spherical container is sealed by a threaded cover, the threaded cover is flush with the surface of the stainless steel spherical container after being connected in a sealing mode, the modifier is triblock copolymer F127, the pore former is ammonium carbonate, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 1mol/L, the temperature of the hot water is 100 ℃, other parameters and the technological process are completely the same as those in the embodiment 11, the first discharge specific capacity of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is 335.2mAh/g, and the charge and discharge specific capacity of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery is still maintained at about 78% after the cycle under the condition of 0..
Example 15:
the process of the step five is replaced by: adding bamboo charcoal material into a stainless steel spherical container, adding deionized water, sealing the spherical container with a screw cap, placing on a four-axis grinding instrument, starting the four-axis grinding instrument, driving the stainless steel spherical container to randomly rotate for 30min, filtering, and drying; then, by adopting the same method as the above, adding ethanol and dried bamboo charcoal material into a stainless steel spherical container, and randomly rotating on a four-axis grinding instrument for 30 min; drying to obtain the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material; the rotation speed of the driving shaft of the four-shaft grinding instrument is 30rpm, and the random conversion frequency is 10 s. The remaining parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 6. The bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material has the specific discharge capacity of 320.2mAh/g for the first time, and the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is still kept about 65% after the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C. The invention realizes the irregular rotation solidification in the spherical container by carrying the spherical container by the four-axis grinding instrument. The sealed spherical container is fixed through four supporting shafts of a four-shaft grinding instrument, the rotation rate of the four shafts is adjusted, the conversion period between a driving shaft and a driven shaft is adjusted, and trackless orientation of an external flow field is achieved. The bamboo charcoal is cleaned by the method, so that the cleaning effect of the bamboo charcoal is better under the trackless orientation effect of an external flow field, impurities can be completely cleaned, the bamboo charcoal has excellent electrochemical capacitance characteristics, and the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material with excellent performance is obtained.
Example 16:
in the fourth step, the temperature rising process of the activation is replaced by: heating to 250 deg.C at a speed of 2 deg.C/min, maintaining for 90min, heating to 700 deg.C at a speed of 1.5 deg.C/min, maintaining for 3h, heating to 800 deg.C at a speed of 5 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 6h to complete activation; the activation is carried out in a high-temperature rotary activation furnace, and the rotating speed of the high-temperature rotary activation furnace is 20 r/min. The remaining parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 11. The bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material has the first discharge specific capacity of 325.2mAh/g, and the specific capacitance of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is still kept at about 70% after the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is circularly charged and discharged for 500 times under the condition of 0.1C.
Example 17:
the step and the step II further comprise the following processes that the dried bamboo is smashed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, 25 parts by weight of the sieved bamboo powder, 10 parts by weight of modifier, 5 parts by weight of pore former, 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 40 parts by weight of hot water are added into a stainless steel spherical container, the spherical container is placed on a four-axis grinding instrument, the four-axis grinding instrument is started to drive the stainless steel spherical container to rotate randomly and react for 30min, the reacted mixed solution is directly dried to obtain the modified bamboo, a feed inlet of the stainless steel spherical container is sealed by a threaded cap, the threaded cap is flush with the surface of the stainless steel spherical container after being sealed and connected, the modifier is triblock copolymer F127, the pore former is ammonium carbonate, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 1mol/L, the temperature of the hot water is 100 ℃, other parameters and the technological process are completely the same as those in the embodiment 16, the first discharge specific capacity of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material is 355.5mAh/g, and the charge and discharge specific capacity of the bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery is still kept at 85% after the circulation of 0.1C for 500 times.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the specification and examples, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied and broadly contemplated, and further modifications may be readily made thereto by those skilled in the art, and it is therefore not intended to be limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1, methods for preparing bamboo charcoal based lithium ion battery electrode material by physical activation method, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
, respectively washing the bamboo with ethanol and deionized water, and drying at 60-120 ℃ for 12-48 hours;
step two, placing the treated bamboo in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a high-temperature furnace, raising the temperature to 500-;
grinding the bamboo charcoal into powder, and sieving the powder by using a sieve with 10-300 meshes to obtain bamboo charcoal powder with uniform particles;
heating the bamboo charcoal powder to 250-300 ℃ at a speed of 2-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90-120 min, heating to 500-700 ℃ at a speed of 0.5-1.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5 h, heating to 800-1000 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 h, and introducing a physical activator CO at a speed of 10-500sccm while heating2Naturally cooling to obtain the activated bamboo charcoal material;
adding the bamboo charcoal material into a stainless steel spherical container, adding deionized water, sealing the spherical container through a threaded cover, placing the spherical container on a four-axis grinding instrument, starting the four-axis grinding instrument, driving the stainless steel spherical container to randomly rotate for 30-60 min, filtering and drying; then adding ethanol and a dried bamboo charcoal material into a stainless steel spherical container, and randomly rotating on a four-axis grinding instrument for 30-60 min; drying to obtain the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material; the rotation speed of a driving shaft of the four-shaft grinding instrument is 30-60 rpm, and the random conversion frequency is 10-30 s;
crushing dried bamboos, sieving the crushed bamboos by using a sieve with 50-100 meshes, adding 20-30 parts by weight of sieved bamboo powder, 5-10 parts by weight of a modifier, 3-5 parts by weight of a pore-forming agent, 3-5 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 30-50 parts by weight of hot water into a stainless steel spherical container, placing the spherical container on a four-axis grinder, starting the four-axis grinder, driving the stainless steel spherical container to randomly rotate, reacting for 30-60 min, directly drying the reacted mixed solution to obtain modified bamboos, uniformly grinding the modified bamboos, adding the modified bamboos into a reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to 200-300 ℃ at a speed of 1-5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 1-3 h;
the modifier is a triblock copolymer F127 and a polyoxyethylene-polystyrene block copolymer in a weight ratio of 1:2, the pore-forming agent is any of ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1-2 mol/L, and the temperature of hot water is 100 ℃.
2. The method for preparing the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material by the physical activation method according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the activation is performed in a high-temperature rotary activation furnace, and the rotating speed of the high-temperature rotary activation furnace is 15-20 r/min.
3. The method for preparing the bamboo charcoal-based lithium ion battery electrode material by the physical activation method according to claim 1, wherein the drying adopts microwave radiation drying, and the process is as follows: putting the filtered bamboo charcoal material into a quartz dryer, and then putting the quartz dryer into a microwave radiation reaction furnace; introducing nitrogen at the speed of 50-100 mL/min, and performing microwave radiation drying treatment on the precipitate; the conditions of the microwave radiation drying treatment are as follows: the microwave radiation frequency is 2450 +/-50 MHz, the unit microwave radiation power is 0.10-1.00W/g, the microwave radiation time is 30-60 min, and the microwave radiation temperature is 50-70 ℃.
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