CN112222146B - Harmless treatment method for household garbage - Google Patents
Harmless treatment method for household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN112222146B CN112222146B CN202010992960.6A CN202010992960A CN112222146B CN 112222146 B CN112222146 B CN 112222146B CN 202010992960 A CN202010992960 A CN 202010992960A CN 112222146 B CN112222146 B CN 112222146B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009283 thermal hydrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a harmless treatment method of household garbage, which comprises the following steps of 1) draining the collected household garbage to ensure that the water content is less than or equal to 50%; 2) Crushing, sorting and magnetically separating the household garbage, separating foreign matters including plastics, stones, glass and shells in the household garbage, and recovering metal substances mixed in the household garbage; 3) Putting the treated domestic garbage into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment with the temperature of 100-120 ℃, the internal pressure of 0.4-0.5 Mpa and the caliber of a feeding port of more than 100mm for carrying out damp-heat hydrolysis, and hydrolyzing the organic materials while separating out animal and vegetable oil in the domestic garbage; 4) The domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis is sent into a physical settling chamber through a current stabilizer, after standing for a period of time, the part with higher oil content is sent into an oil-water separation system to obtain oil, and the solid and the slurry are separated out for anaerobic fermentation treatment; the invention can completely or nearly completely realize the complete screening of the metal substances and the incidental substances thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of household garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a harmless treatment method capable of thoroughly screening metal substances in household garbage.
Background
Environmental pollution and proper management of the urban domestic garbage discharge are one of the problems to be solved urgently in China. Along with the development of society and production, the garbage that produces also can be more and more, along with the increase of cigarette platform urban population, the continuous improvement of citizen's living standard and integration of city and countryside, in recent years, the domestic waste in city has almost doubled, and the domestic waste in some cities has even doubled more than.
However, most of the current garbage disposal methods mainly adopt landfill and incineration, which not only causes environmental damage, but also causes waste of resources.
With the progress of technology, the method of crushing and separating garbage begins to be used, and the current garbage crusher mainly treats garbage in a form, such as kitchen garbage, in a cutting mode and then intensively treats the garbage after crushing, however, the garbage treated by the crushing mode still needs to be repeatedly selected or sorted, the selected garbage is dewatered, then is subjected to magnetic separation and air separation after dewatering, and finally is subjected to flotation according to different specific gravities, but the sorting process is relatively complex, and the cost of garbage sorting is relatively high. The existing magnetic separation mode is not thorough, part of domestic garbage containing a small amount of metal substances, such as broken paper boxes with nails, metal snap fasteners on plastic parts, electric wires and the like, has smaller weight before being broken, and is difficult to be completely discharged by directly adopting a magnet mode, so that inconvenience is brought to subsequent garbage treatment, particularly, the residual metal substances are difficult to be treated after entering the subsequent anaerobic fermentation treatment, and therefore, the metal substances are required to be screened again before the anaerobic fermentation treatment, and the final harmless treatment is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a harmless treatment method of household garbage, which can completely or nearly completely realize the complete screening of metal substances and incidental substances thereof.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a harmless treatment method of household garbage comprises the following steps:
1) Draining the collected domestic garbage to make the water content less than or equal to 50%;
2) Crushing, sorting and magnetically separating the household garbage, separating foreign matters including plastics, stones, glass and shells in the household garbage, and recovering metal substances mixed in the household garbage;
the crushing process comprises coarse crushing and fine crushing with different crushing grades, and crushing, sorting and magnetic separation are carried out after the coarse crushing and the fine crushing;
3) Putting the treated domestic garbage into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment with the temperature of 100-120 ℃, the internal pressure of 0.4-0.5 Mpa and the caliber of a feeding port of more than 100mm for carrying out damp-heat hydrolysis, and hydrolyzing the organic materials while separating out animal and vegetable oil in the domestic garbage;
4) The domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis is sent into a physical settling chamber through a current stabilizer, after standing for a period of time, the part with higher oil content is sent into an oil-water separation system to obtain oil, and the solid and the slurry are separated out for anaerobic fermentation treatment;
the flow stabilizer is provided with a horizontal or inclined bottom, the bottom is provided with a second-order groove and a magnetic plate positioned in the second-order groove, and the domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis is magnetically separated when passing through the flow stabilizer so as to remove metal substances and incidental substances thereof.
According to the technical scheme, at least the processes of secondary crushing and secondary magnetic separation are carried out in the garbage crushing process so as to screen metal substances as much as possible, most metal substances and incidental substances thereof can be discharged through the magnetic separation in the process, and the subsequent treatment difficulty is reduced.
Specifically, steam is filled into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment to carry out the wet-heat hydrolysis process, and a certain amount (enough) of water is introduced again to carry out sufficient stirring after the wet-heat hydrolysis, so that the flowing transfer of the household garbage is facilitated on one hand, and the subsequent sedimentation and layering are facilitated on the other hand.
Wherein mobile domestic waste carries out magnetic separation process once more through the magnetic sheet at the in-process that shifts to the physics settling chamber through the current stabilizer, and the metallics of the tiny granule that contains of domestic waste after the hydrothermal hydrolysis separates rather than subsidiary thing very big degree, and metallics forms independent unit this moment, and is great based on metallics self density, and it can be close to the bottom at the current stabilizer at the flow in-process, carries out the magnetic separation through the magnetic sheet and collects this moment, and thorough collects the metallics and discharges.
The second-order groove can be a stepped groove in a stepped shape, so that the flowing process of the domestic garbage flowing to the state in the current stabilizer is facilitated to the maximum extent.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the position of the magnetic plate in the second-order groove is adjusted according to the amount of the metal substance adsorbed on the magnetic plate, so as to ensure that the adsorbed metal substance is always in the second-order groove.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the end of the magnetic plate close to the physical settling chamber is provided with a rotating shaft, and the end of the magnetic plate far from the physical settling chamber is adaptively turned around the rotating shaft along with the increase of the metal substances adsorbed on the magnetic plate.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the maximum flip angle of the magnetic plate is 10 °.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the magnetic plate is provided with columns on its outer surface.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the inner surface of the magnetic plate is provided with an electrified coil, and the electrified coil keeps an electrified state in the process that the domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis passes through the current stabilizer.
According to another embodiment of the invention, at least one constriction is provided in the length direction of the flow stabilizer, the upstream and downstream flow areas of the constriction being larger than their own flow area.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the part with higher content of grease in the physical settling chamber is sent to an oil-water separation system, two phases are separated firstly, the separated solid matter is subjected to anaerobic fermentation, the liquid matter is subjected to a three-phase separator to separate grease, water and small-particle solid matter, the grease is collected and used as industrial grease raw material, and the small-particle solid matter is subjected to anaerobic fermentation.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the part with higher content of large-particle organic matters settled in the physical settling chamber is subjected to two-phase separation and dehydration, and the obtained solid is used as a raw material for aerobic biological fermentation.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the process of wet thermal hydrolysis in the high temperature and high pressure equipment is 60 to 80 minutes.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the household garbage is firstly subjected to secondary crushing to screen most of metal substances and other hard garbage, and the metal substances are screened again through the magnetic plate in the current stabilizer after the wet-heat hydrolysis, so that the metal garbage is completely discharged, and the harmless treatment of the household garbage is realized.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current regulator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the magnetic plate of FIG. 1 flipped over;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention showing a magnetic plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a current stabilizer in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the magnetic plate of FIG. 4 flipped over;
fig. 6 is another schematic cross-sectional view of a current stabilizer in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
A harmless treatment method of household garbage comprises the following steps:
1) Draining the collected domestic garbage to make the water content less than or equal to 50%, specifically, for example, to make the water content 40%, so as to facilitate the subsequent crushing and sorting process;
2) Carrying out coarse crushing, crushing and sorting and magnetic separation on the household garbage in a first stage, separating foreign matters including plastics, stones, glass and shells in the household garbage, and recovering metal substances mixed in the household garbage;
then carrying out fine crushing, crushing and sorting and magnetic separation on the domestic garbage at the second stage, separating out foreign matters with smaller shapes and sizes, including plastics, stones, glass and shells, and recovering metal substances with smaller particles mixed in the domestic garbage;
3) Putting the treated domestic garbage into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment with the temperature of 100 ℃, the internal pressure of 0.4Mpa and the caliber of a feeding port of 110mm for carrying out damp-heat hydrolysis for 80 minutes, and hydrolyzing the organic materials while separating out animal and vegetable oil in the domestic garbage;
then, a certain amount of water (or more water) is introduced again for full stirring, so that the domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis forms a flow state.
4) The domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis is sent into a physical settling chamber through a flow stabilizer 10, after standing for a period of time, for example, about 25 minutes, an obvious layering phenomenon is formed, the part with higher grease content in the physical settling chamber is sent into an oil-water separation system, two-phase separation is firstly carried out, the separated solid matter is subjected to anaerobic fermentation, the liquid matter is subjected to three-phase separation in a three-phase separator to separate grease, water and small-particle solid matter, the grease is collected to be used as an industrial grease raw material, and the small-particle solid matter is subjected to anaerobic fermentation; and (3) performing two-phase separation and dehydration on the part with higher content of large-particle organic matters settled in the physical settling chamber, and taking the obtained solid as a raw material for aerobic biological fermentation.
The current stabilizer 10 in the present invention is specially designed to perform a third magnetic separation process, so that garbage containing metallic substances is completely discharged, thereby realizing harmless treatment of household garbage.
The flow stabilizer 10 is provided with a horizontal bottom 11, as shown in fig. 1-2, the bottom 11 is provided with a second-order groove 12 and a magnetic plate 13 located in the second-order groove 12, and the domestic garbage after the wet-hot hydrolysis is subjected to magnetic separation when passing through the flow stabilizer 10, so as to remove metal substances and incidental substances thereof.
The position of the magnetic plate 13 in the second-order groove 12 is adjusted according to the amount of the metal substances adsorbed on the magnetic plate 13, so as to ensure that the adsorbed metal substances are always in the second-order groove 12.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a rotating shaft 14 is provided at the end of the magnetic plate 13 near the physical settling chamber (at the outlet of the current stabilizer 10), and the magnetic plate 13 turns around the rotating shaft 14 as the amount of the metal substances adsorbed on the magnetic plate 13 increases, wherein a rubber pad is preferably provided between the magnetic plate 13 and the wall of the second-order groove 12 to prevent water from seeping down below the magnetic plate 13.
Further, the maximum flip angle of the magnetic plate 13 is 10 °.
Still further, the internal surface of magnetic sheet 13 is equipped with circular telegram coil, and domestic waste after the hydrothermal hydrolysis passes through the in-process of current stabilizer 10, and this circular telegram coil keeps the on-state, carries out long-time absorption screening back to metallic substance, only needs the check out test set and carries out the outage to this circular telegram coil and handle, and metallic substance can carry out quick discharge, convenient and fast.
In order to avoid possible accumulation of heavy non-metal garbage on the magnetic plate 13, a column is arranged on the outer surface of the magnetic plate 13 to crush the non-metal garbage; in addition, at least one contraction structure is arranged in the length direction of the current stabilizer 10, and the flow areas of the upstream and downstream of the contraction structure are larger than the flow areas of the contraction structure to form a jet phenomenon, so that the flowing speed of the domestic garbage in a flowing state between the areas in the current stabilizer 10 is increased, and the accumulation and the residue of the non-metal garbage are avoided.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, two or more magnetic plates 13 may be disposed on the bottom 11 of the current stabilizer 10 to cover more space of the bottom 11 area, thereby forming a more thorough magnetic attraction screening process.
Furthermore, a conical surface 15 can be arranged at the bottom 11 of the current stabilizer 10, so that the accumulation of household garbage with certain weight is avoided.
As shown in fig. 6, the current stabilizer 10 may further have an arc-shaped sidewall 16, and once deposited, the household garbage with a certain weight is collected onto the magnetic plate 13 along the arc-shaped sidewall 16, so as to sufficiently and thoroughly screen the metal materials mixed with the household garbage.
In other examples of the present invention, a gradual curved surface, such as an upward or downward concave arc structure, may be further provided on the surface of the magnetic plate 13 to better guide the flow.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that variations may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and equivalents may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A harmless treatment method of household garbage comprises the following steps:
1) Draining the collected domestic garbage to make the water content less than or equal to 50%;
2) Crushing, sorting and magnetically separating the household garbage, separating foreign matters including plastics, stones, glass and shells in the household garbage, and recovering metal substances mixed in the household garbage;
the crushing process comprises coarse crushing and fine crushing with different crushing grades, and crushing, sorting and magnetic separation are carried out after the coarse crushing and the fine crushing;
3) Putting the treated domestic garbage into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment with the temperature of 100-120 ℃, the internal pressure of 0.4-0.5 Mpa and the caliber of a feeding port of more than 100mm for carrying out wet-heat hydrolysis, and hydrolyzing the organic materials while separating out animal and vegetable oil in the domestic garbage;
4) The domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis is sent into a physical settling chamber through a current stabilizer, after standing for a period of time, the part with higher oil content is sent into an oil-water separation system to obtain oil, and the solid and the slurry are separated out for anaerobic fermentation treatment;
the device comprises a flow stabilizer, a magnetic plate, a first-order groove and a second-order groove, wherein the flow stabilizer is provided with a horizontal or inclined bottom, the bottom is provided with the second-order groove and the magnetic plate positioned in the second-order groove, and the domestic garbage after the wet-hot hydrolysis is magnetically separated when passing through the flow stabilizer so as to remove metal substances and incidental substances thereof;
the current stabilizer is also provided with an arc-shaped side wall for collecting the domestic garbage to the magnetic plate;
the position of the magnetic plate in the second-order groove is adjusted according to the amount of the metal substances adsorbed on the magnetic plate so as to ensure that the adsorbed metal substances are always positioned in the second-order groove; the end part of the magnetic plate close to the physical settling chamber is provided with a rotating shaft, and the end part of the magnetic plate far away from the physical settling chamber is adaptively turned around the rotating shaft along with the increase of metal substances adsorbed on the magnetic plate; the maximum flip angle of the magnetic plate is 10 °.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic plate has columns on its outer surface.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic plate has an energized coil on its inner surface, and the energized coil is maintained in an energized state while the wet-thermally hydrolyzed domestic waste passes through the flow stabilizer.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein at least one constriction is provided in the length direction of the flow stabilizer, and the upstream and downstream flow areas of the constriction are larger than their own flow areas.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the physical settling chamber having a high content of fats and oils is fed into an oil-water separation system, first two-phase separation is carried out, the separated solid matter is subjected to anaerobic fermentation, the liquid matter is further subjected to a three-phase separator to separate fats and oils, water and small-sized solid matter, the fats and oils are collected as a raw material for industrial fats and oils, and the small-sized solid matter is subjected to anaerobic fermentation.
6. A method for the harmless treatment of household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the part with higher organic content of large particles settled in the physical settling chamber is subjected to two-phase separation and dehydration, and the obtained solid is used as the raw material for aerobic biological fermentation.
7. A method for detoxifying domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 wherein the wet thermal hydrolysis process in the high temperature high pressure apparatus is between 60 and 80 minutes.
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CN202010992960.6A CN112222146B (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Harmless treatment method for household garbage |
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CN202010992960.6A CN112222146B (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Harmless treatment method for household garbage |
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CN112222146B true CN112222146B (en) | 2022-12-30 |
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GB823568A (en) * | 1957-03-05 | 1959-11-11 | Pablo Vago | Improvements in or relating to the combustion of refuse |
CN2657782Y (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2004-11-24 | 岳阳科美达机器有限公司 | Multifunction electromagnetic separater |
CN202090314U (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-12-28 | 天津生态城环保有限公司 | A sweeping vehicle having a function of separate waste collection |
CN102921704B (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2016-05-25 | 都市高科(北京)环境科技有限公司 | The method for innocent treatment of changing food waste |
CN108746166A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-06 | 成都市兴蓉再生能源有限公司 | A kind of sorting unit and resource utilization method of aging rubbish |
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