CN112221196B

CN112221196B - Fractional separation extraction equipment

Info

Publication number: CN112221196B
Application number: CN202011040122.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 史祝群
Original assignee: Suzhou Sairong Architectural Decoration Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Jiantong Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-28
Filing date: 2020-09-28
Publication date: 2021-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-28
Also published as: CN112221196A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fractional separation extraction device, which comprises a core shell, an extraction core body, a light liquid tank, a heavy liquid inlet, a light liquid outlet and a heavy liquid outlet, wherein the lower end of the extraction core body is inserted into the light liquid tank, the light liquid tank is a closed box body, the upper surface inside the light liquid tank is externally provided with the light liquid inlet, the lower surface inside the light liquid tank is externally provided with the heavy liquid outlet, the upper end of the extraction core body is respectively provided with the heavy liquid inlet and the light liquid outlet, the outer surface of the extraction core body wraps the core shell, and the extraction core body provides a descending and ascending mixing channel for heavy liquid and light liquid. The up-and-down flow process is the mixed extraction process, the heavy liquid flows downwards to squeeze and send the light liquid to flow upwards, the concentration of the extract is higher and higher in the process that the heavy liquid flows downwards, the convection type extraction achieves the effect of being more than that of fractional extraction, and the deep optimization of the fractional extraction is realized. The extraction core body comprises a plurality of extraction unit columns which are overlapped up and down, and each extraction unit column comprises a core barrel, a floater component, a bearing plate and a floater frame.

Description

Fractional separation extraction equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of extraction equipment, in particular to fractionation and extraction equipment.

Background

Extraction is a process in which a substance is transferred from one solvent to another by virtue of the difference in solubility or partition coefficient of the substance in two immiscible (or sparingly soluble) solvents.

Experiments prove that the ratio of the compound in the two liquid layers is a fixed value when the compound and the two solvents do not have decomposition, electrolysis, association, solvation and the like at a certain temperature. This is true regardless of the amount of material added.

In the prior art, the extraction rate is improved by mixing and extracting for times, repeated mixing and extracting are needed, the production efficiency is influenced, and the discharged stock solution still contains the extract to be extracted with more concentration.

In industrial application of the prior art, extraction equipment which can ensure large extraction rate and does not need mixing time is urgently needed for continuous treatment, so that the production efficiency is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to a fractionation and extraction apparatus to solve the problems of the background art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a fractional separation extraction device comprises a core shell, an extraction core body, a light liquid tank, a heavy liquid inlet, a light liquid outlet and a heavy liquid outlet, wherein the lower end of the extraction core body is inserted into the light liquid tank, the light liquid tank is a closed box body, the upper surface inside the light liquid tank is externally provided with the light liquid inlet, the lower surface inside the light liquid tank is externally provided with the heavy liquid outlet, the upper end of the extraction core body is respectively provided with the heavy liquid inlet and the light liquid outlet, the outer surface of the extraction core body wraps the core shell, and the extraction core body provides a descending and ascending mixing channel for heavy liquid and light liquid. The original extraction process is that heavy liquid and light liquid are mixed together, then stirred and stood for layering to respectively draw upper layer light liquid and lower layer heavy liquid, when the extracted substance can be in light liquid or heavy liquid originally, the up-down flow process is a mixed extraction process, and the light liquor water is at the lowest concentration just before being discharged through the light liquor outlet at the topmost end of the extraction core, but because the mixed extraction is performed with the 'clean' heavy liquor just added from the heavy liquor inlet, therefore, the light liquid with low concentration can be further extracted, the heavy liquid flows downwards and pushes the light liquid to flow upwards, and in the process of flowing downwards, the extract concentration is higher and higher, but the concentration of the light liquid extract contacted with the extract is higher and higher, therefore, the extract can still be extracted from the light liquid, so that the convection type extraction achieves better effect than the fractional extraction, and is the deep optimization of the fractional extraction. The extract may be divided into heavy liquid and light liquid as the extract.

Furthermore, the extraction core body comprises a plurality of extraction unit columns which are stacked up and down, each extraction unit column comprises a core barrel, a floater component, a bearing plate and a floater frame, the core barrels are vertically arranged, the bearing plates are arranged on the process cross sections of the core barrels, overflowing holes are formed in the centers of the bearing plates, the floater frames are arranged on the upper surfaces of the bearing plates, the floater components are installed on the floater frames, and the floater components move up and down according to the layering liquid level of heavy liquid and light liquid in the core barrels to control the on-off of the overflowing holes. Each extraction unit column is used as a light-heavy liquid mixing area, heavy liquid flows in from the upper end, the light liquid is extruded to move upwards in the falling process to be used as a contact extraction process, the accumulated heavy liquid is accumulated above a bearing plate, when the heavy liquid is accumulated to a certain degree, a floater component floats upwards to open an overflowing hole, the heavy liquid flows to the lower side of the bearing plate through the overflowing hole to be used as inflow heavy liquid of a next-stage extraction unit column, the light liquid of the next-stage extraction unit column floats upwards, the heavy liquid which does not flow downwards completely at the bearing plate separates the upper-stage light liquid from the lower-stage light liquid, the lower-stage floating light liquid can float upwards and mix into the light liquid only by fully contacting with the heavy liquid, the light liquid is equivalent to be extracted by contacting with the heavy liquid in times, the high-concentration heavy liquid and the light liquid are enriched at the lower part, and the floating light liquid is the light liquid with greatly reduced concentration.

Further, the floater subassembly includes the pole setting, go up the float, float and valve block down, the vertical setting of pole setting, the pole setting is inserted and is inlayed on the floater frame and can be slided from top to bottom, the pole setting from top to bottom sets gradually and goes up float, float and valve block down, the bulk density of floater subassembly is between the density of heavy liquid and light liquid, when heavy liquid light liquid layering position in the extraction unit post falls to float down, the valve block whereabouts shutoff and crosses the discharge orifice, when heavy liquid light liquid layering position in the extraction unit post rises to the floater, the valve block rises and opens and crosses the discharge orifice. Float assembly bulk density is between heavy liquid light liquid, it is great with lower float volume to go up the float, provide more buoyancy, can show when the layering position reachs the float that this extracts in the unit post heavy liquid is more, need arrange to next stage extraction unit post, if the boundary layer reciprocates and can directly let float assembly freely reciprocate, the opening and closing of crossing the orifice is shorter so, be unfavorable for the single flowing back, so, should reciprocate the in-process at float assembly and add a less resistance, hinder slightly when float assembly come-up opens the overflow orifice and float, hinder the whereabouts slightly when the overflow orifice is closed in float assembly whereabouts, let the overflow orifice open process have an interval, discharge thick one deck heavy liquid.

Further, the floater component further comprises a squeezing ball, a plurality of reeds distributed around the circumference of the vertical rod are extended from the floater frame, the squeezing ball is arranged on the vertical rod, the diameter of an inner enveloping choke of the plurality of reeds is smaller than that of the squeezing ball, when the floater component floats upwards, the squeezing ball penetrates through a reed choke to reach the position above the reeds, and when the floater component falls, the squeezing ball penetrates through a reed choke to reach the position below the reeds. The reed is a float assembly floating falling resistance providing mode, when heavy liquid in the extraction unit column becomes more, when the layering position exceeds a buoyancy gravity balance line, the valve block cannot float upwards immediately, the reed is not squeezed open before squeezing the ball, more surplus buoyancy is needed to squeeze the reed to enable the vertical rod to rise, the valve block opens the overflowing hole, when the layering position goes up to the upper float position, the buoyancy is increased remarkably, the squeezing ball squeezes the reed, the overflowing hole is opened to discharge the heavy liquid downwards, the layering position moves downwards along with the downward discharge process of the heavy liquid, the buoyancy of the float assembly is reduced, the floating assembly cannot fall immediately when the buoyancy is reduced to be lower than the gravity of the float assembly, the squeezing ball falls along with the continuous falling of the layering position, the buoyancy at the lower float position is reduced remarkably, the reed is squeezed open by the gravity of the float assembly, and the overflowing hole is blocked by the falling of the valve block.

Preferably, the upper floater is in a cone shape with a downward cone tip. A tapered float can lift buoyancy at a greater rate as the liquid level stratifies up, if a vertically constant volume float, the buoyancy increases linearly as the liquid level rises, while a tapered float can increase by a ratio of an index of two.

Preferably, the lower floater is in a conical shape with an upward conical tip. The lower float descends at an exponential rate of two with the falling of the stratification position, and the falling of the float assembly can be ensured when the stratification position falls to the lower float.

Furthermore, the extraction unit columns are arranged in an array and spliced together in the horizontal direction. The processing flow can be enlarged by splicing the extraction unit columns in the horizontal direction, the extraction rate can be improved by increasing the number of the extraction unit columns in the vertical direction, but the improvement effect of the extraction rate is limited when more than five six vertical stacking numbers are added.

Furthermore, the extraction core body also comprises a column cap, the column cap covers the uppermost extraction unit column, the inner surface of the column cap extends downwards out of the liquid separation plate, the space in the column cap on one side of the liquid separation plate is connected with the heavy liquid inlet, and the space in the column cap on the other side of the liquid separation plate is connected with the light liquid outlet. The extraction core is closed, and newly added heavy liquid and light liquid to be discharged in an overflow mode are fully isolated by a liquid isolating plate.

Furthermore, through bar holes are formed in the side walls of the core barrel and the column cap along the vertical direction, rod pieces with threads at two ends vertically penetrate through the through bar holes, and nuts are screwed at two ends of the rod pieces to lock the extraction unit column and the column cap which are vertically stacked.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the concentration of an extract in a stock solution about to overflow is greatly reduced by convection type extraction flow, the method is deep optimization of fractional extraction, heavy liquid and light liquid are layered and spaced in an extraction unit column and have no continuous concentration, the light liquid can be mixed with the upper-level light liquid only by passing through the heavy liquid, and the heavy liquid is also distributed in a concentration gradient manner; the special design of the float assembly allows the heavy liquid to flow to the lower stage at intervals; the extraction unit columns stacked up and down improve the extraction rate, and the extraction unit columns spliced horizontally expand the treatment flow.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic external view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic of the bulk flow of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the top of an extraction core of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an extraction unit column of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is view A of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the analysis of the state of the heavy liquid in the column of the extraction unit according to the present invention when the heavy liquid increases;

FIG. 7 is view B-B of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an analysis of a state where heavy liquid in a column of an extraction cell according to the present invention is reduced;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a splicing structure of extraction unit columns in vertical and horizontal directions.

In the figure: 1-core shell, 2-extraction core body, 21-extraction unit column, 211-core cylinder, 2111-through hole, 212-floater component, 2121-vertical rod, 2122-upper floater, 2123-lower floater, 2124-squeezing ball, 2125-valve block, 213-bearing plate, 2131-overflowing hole, 214-floater frame, 215-reed, 22-column cap, 221-liquid isolating plate, 3-light liquid tank, 41-heavy liquid inlet, 42-light liquid inlet, 43-light liquid outlet, 44-heavy liquid outlet and 5-flow control valve.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a fractional separation extraction apparatus comprises a core shell 1, an extraction core 2, a light liquid tank 3, a heavy liquid inlet 41, a light liquid inlet 42, a light liquid outlet 43 and a heavy liquid outlet 44, wherein the lower end of the extraction core 2 is inserted into the light liquid tank 3, the light liquid tank 3 is a closed box body, the light liquid inlet 42 is arranged on the upper surface inside the light liquid tank 3 to the outside, the heavy liquid outlet 44 is arranged on the lower surface inside the light liquid tank 3 to the outside, the heavy liquid inlet 41 and the light liquid outlet 43 are respectively arranged at the upper end of the extraction core 2, the core shell 1 is wrapped on the outer surface of the extraction core 2, and the extraction core 2 provides a descending and ascending mixing channel for heavy liquid and light liquid. The original extraction process is that heavy liquid and light liquid are mixed together and then stirred and then kept stand for layering to respectively draw upper layer light liquid and lower layer heavy liquid, the substance to be extracted can be in light liquid or heavy liquid originally, the application takes the example of carbon tetrachloride extracting iodine in water for analysis, the light liquid is water containing substance iodine to be extracted, the heavy liquid is carbon tetrachloride, when in use, if the substance to be extracted is directly mixed together, the extraction effect is general, only less iodine can be extracted, concretely, in the extraction separation field, an extracting agent is mixed with the original liquid in multiple parts, continuously improved extraction rate can be obtained, namely, 0.5L of carbon tetrachloride is mixed and extracted with 0.25L of water original liquid twice, compared with the direct mixing and extraction of 0.5L of water original liquid and 1L of water original liquid, a little more iodine can be extracted, the specific calculation process is not repeated, but the application passes through carbon tetrachloride and water which flow up and down respectively, the up-down flow process is a mixed extraction process, the concentration of light liquid water is the minimum when the light liquid water is discharged from the top end of the extraction core body 2 through the light liquid outlet 43, but the light liquid water is mixed with the clean heavy liquid which is just added from the heavy liquid inlet 41, the iodine concentration is zero, so that some iodine can be extracted from the low-concentration water, the iodine content of the water discharged from the light liquid outlet 43 is lower, the heavy liquid flows downwards to squeeze the light liquid to flow upwards, the iodine concentration is higher and higher in the process of flowing downwards of the heavy liquid, but the iodine concentration of the light liquid water in contact with the heavy liquid water is higher and higher, and the iodine can still be extracted from the water, so the convection type extraction achieves the effect which is better than the fractional extraction, and the depth of the fractional extraction is optimized.

The extraction core body 2 comprises a plurality of extraction unit columns 21 which are stacked up and down, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, each extraction unit column 21 comprises a core barrel 211, a floater assembly 212, a bearing plate 213 and a floater frame 214, the core barrel 211 is vertically arranged, the process section of the core barrel 211 is provided with the bearing plate 213, the center of the bearing plate 213 is provided with a through hole 2131, the upper surface of the bearing plate 213 is provided with the floater frame 214, the floater assembly 212 is arranged on the floater frame 214, and the floater assembly 212 controls the on-off of the through hole 2131 according to the up-down movement of the layering liquid level of heavy liquid and light liquid in the core barrel 211. Each extraction unit column 21 is used as a light-heavy liquid mixing area, heavy liquid flows in from the upper end, the light liquid is extruded to move upwards in the falling process to be used as a contact extraction process, the accumulated heavy liquid is accumulated above the bearing plate 213, when the heavy liquid is accumulated to a certain degree, the floater assembly 212 floats upwards to open the overflowing hole 2131, the heavy liquid passes through the overflowing hole 2131 to reach the lower part of the bearing plate 213 to be used as inflow heavy liquid of the next-stage extraction unit column 21, the light liquid of the next-stage extraction unit column 21 floats upwards, the heavy liquid which does not flow downwards completely at the bearing plate 213 is separated from the upper-stage light liquid and the lower-stage light liquid, the light liquid floating upwards needs to be fully contacted with the heavy liquid to float into the light liquid, the light liquid is equivalent to be contacted and extracted with the heavy liquid in times, the high-concentration heavy liquid and the light liquid are enriched at the lower part, and the light liquid floating from the upper part is the light liquid with greatly reduced concentration.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the float assembly 212 includes a vertical rod 2121, an upper float 2122, a lower float 2123 and a valve block 2125, the vertical rod 2121 is vertically disposed, the vertical rod 2121 is inserted into the float frame 214 and can slide up and down, the vertical rod 2121 is sequentially disposed with the upper float 2122, the lower float 2123 and the valve block 2125 from top to bottom, the overall density of the float assembly 212 is between the densities of the heavy liquid and the light liquid, when the layered position of the heavy liquid and the light liquid in the extraction unit column 21 falls to the lower float 2123, the valve block 2125 falls to block the flow passage 2131, and when the layered position of the heavy liquid and the light liquid in the extraction unit column 21 rises to the upper float 2122, the valve block 2125 rises to open the flow passage 2131. The integral density of the floater assembly 212 is between that of heavy liquid and light liquid, the upper floater 2122 and the lower floater 2123 are large in size and provide much buoyancy, when the layering position reaches the upper floater, it can be shown that the heavy liquid in the extraction unit column 21 is much, the heavy liquid needs to be discharged to the next extraction unit column 21, if the layering moves up and down, the floater assembly 212 can move up and down freely, the opening and closing of the overflowing hole 2131 are short, single liquid discharge is not facilitated, therefore, a small resistance force needs to be added in the up and down moving process of the floater assembly 212, floating is slightly hindered when the floater assembly 212 floats upwards to open the overflowing hole 2131, falling is slightly hindered when the floater assembly 212 falls to close the overflowing hole 2131, and an interval exists in the opening process of the overflowing hole 2131, and a thicker layer of heavy liquid is discharged.

As shown in fig. 5 to 8, the float assembly 212 further includes a ball-squeezing 2124, a plurality of reeds 215 extending from the float frame 214 and distributed around the circumference of the vertical rod 2121, the ball-squeezing 2124 is arranged on the vertical rod 2121, the diameters of inner enveloping mouths of the plurality of reeds 215 are smaller than the diameter of the ball-squeezing 2124, when the float assembly 212 floats upwards, the ball-squeezing 2124 passes through the choke mouth of the reeds 215 to reach a position above the reeds 215, and when the float assembly 212 falls, the ball-squeezing 2124 passes through the choke mouth of the reeds 215 to reach a position below the reeds 215. The reed 215 is a means for providing resistance to upward and downward movement of the float assembly 212, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, when heavy liquid in the extraction unit column 21 increases and the layering position exceeds the buoyancy-gravity balance line, the valve block 2125 cannot float upward immediately because the ball presser 2124 does not press the reed 215 open, and more surplus buoyancy is required to press the reed 215 open to allow the upright rod 2121 to ascend, the valve block 2125 opens the flow passage 2131, and when the layering position moves upward to the upper float 2122 position, the buoyancy increases significantly, the ball presser 2124 presses the reed 215 open the flow passage 2131 to discharge the heavy liquid downward, and as the heavy liquid discharging process proceeds downward, the layering position moves downward, the buoyancy of the float assembly 212 decreases, and as the layering position continues to fall, the buoyancy at the lower float 2123 decreases significantly, and the float assembly 212 presses the reed 215 by its own gravity, the valve block 2125 falls to block the flow orifice 2131.

As shown in fig. 6, the upper float 2122 is tapered with a downward taper. A tapered float can lift buoyancy at a greater rate as the liquid level stratifies up, if a vertically constant volume float, the buoyancy increases linearly as the liquid level rises, while a tapered float can increase by a ratio of an index of two.

As shown in fig. 8, the lower float 2123 is tapered with its tapered tip upward. The lower float 2123 descends at an exponential rate of two as the stratification position descends, which ensures the descent of the float assembly 212 as the stratification position descends to the lower float 2123.

As shown in fig. 9, the extraction unit columns 21 are spliced together in an array arrangement in the horizontal direction. Splicing the extraction unit columns 21 in the horizontal direction can enlarge the processing flow, increasing the number of the extraction unit columns 21 in the vertical direction can improve the extraction rate, but when the number is vertically overlapped by more than five six, the improvement effect of the extraction rate is limited.

As shown in fig. 3, the extraction core body 2 further comprises a column cap 22, the column cap 22 covers the uppermost extraction unit column 21, a liquid-separating plate 221 extends downwards from the inner surface of the column cap 22, a heavy-liquid inlet 41 is connected to the inner space of the column cap 22 on one side of the liquid-separating plate 221, and a light-liquid outlet 43 is connected to the inner space of the column cap 22 on the other side of the liquid-separating plate 221. The extraction core 2 is closed and is substantially separated from the newly added heavy liquid and the light liquid to be discharged in overflow form by a liquid separation plate 221.

As shown in fig. 9, through-hole 2111 is vertically provided in the sidewall of the cartridge 211 and the cap 22, two threaded rods vertically pass through the through-hole 2111, and nuts are screwed on both ends of the rods to lock the extraction unit column 21 and the cap 22 which are vertically stacked.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

light liquid containing the extract to be extracted is poured into the light liquid tank through the light liquid inlet 42, heavy liquid for extraction flows into the top of the extraction unit column 21 through the heavy liquid inlet 41, the heavy liquid falls down to squeeze the light liquid below and rises, newly added low-concentration heavy liquid is mixed with the light liquid which is about to overflow out, extraction is carried out from the low-concentration light liquid, the concentration of the light liquid which overflows out of the light liquid outlet 43 is greatly reduced, the heavy liquid which is enriched with the extract to be extracted falls, and the heavy liquid which is extracted is discharged from the bottom of the light liquid tank 3.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fractionation extraction equipment, characterized in that: the extraction equipment comprises a core shell (1), an extraction core body (2), a light liquid tank (3), a heavy liquid inlet (41), a light liquid inlet (42), a light liquid outlet (43) and a heavy liquid outlet (44), wherein the lower end of the extraction core body (2) is inserted into the light liquid tank (3), the light liquid tank (3) is a closed box body, the upper surface inside the light liquid tank (3) is externally provided with the light liquid inlet (42), the lower surface inside the light liquid tank (3) is externally provided with the heavy liquid outlet (44), the upper end of the extraction core body (2) is respectively provided with the heavy liquid inlet (41) and the light liquid outlet (43), the outer surface of the extraction core body (2) is wrapped by the core shell (1), and the extraction core body (2) provides a descending and ascending mixing channel for heavy liquid and light liquid;

the extraction core body (2) comprises a plurality of extraction unit columns (21) which are stacked up and down, each extraction unit column (21) comprises a core barrel (211), a floater assembly (212), a bearing plate (213) and a floater frame (214), the core barrel (211) is vertically arranged, the bearing plate (213) is arranged on the process section of the core barrel (211), a overflowing hole (2131) is formed in the center of the bearing plate (213), the floater frame (214) is arranged on the upper surface of the bearing plate (213), the floater assembly (212) is installed on the floater frame (214), and the floater assembly (212) moves up and down according to the layered liquid level of heavy liquid and light liquid in the core barrel (211) to control the on-off of the overflowing hole (2131);

the floater assembly (212) comprises a vertical rod (2121), an upper floater (2122), a lower floater (2123) and a valve block (2125), wherein the vertical rod (2121) is vertically arranged, the vertical rod (2121) is inserted and embedded in the floater frame (214) and can slide up and down, the vertical rod (2121) is sequentially provided with the upper floater (2122), the lower floater (2123) and the valve block (2125) from top to bottom, the overall density of the floater assembly (212) is between that of heavy liquid and light liquid, when a heavy liquid and light liquid layering position in the extraction unit column (21) falls to the lower floater (2123), the valve block (2125) falls to block the overflowing hole (2131), and when the heavy liquid and light liquid layering position in the extraction unit column (21) rises to the upper floater (2122), the valve block (2125) rises to open the overflowing hole (2131);

float subassembly (212) are still including crowded ball (2124), stretch out a plurality of reed (215) of distributing around pole setting (2121) circumference on float frame (214), crowded ball (2124) sets up on pole setting (2121), and is a plurality of the inner envelope choke diameter of reed (215) is less than crowded ball (2124) diameter, when float subassembly (212) come-up, crowded ball (2124) pass reed (215) choke and reach reed (215) top position, when float subassembly (212) fall, crowded ball (2124) pass reed (215) choke and reach reed (215) below position.

2. A fractionation extraction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the upper floater (2122) is conical with a downward conical tip.

3. A fractionation extraction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the lower floater (2123) is conical with an upward conical tip.

4. A fractionation extraction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the extraction unit columns (21) are arranged in an array and spliced together in the horizontal direction.

5. A fractionation extraction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the extraction core body (2) further comprises a column cap (22), the column cap (22) covers the uppermost extraction unit column (21), a liquid separation plate (221) extends downwards from the inner surface of the column cap (22), a heavy liquid inlet (41) is connected with the inner space of the column cap (22) on one side of the liquid separation plate (221), and a light liquid outlet (43) is connected with the inner space of the column cap (22) on the other side of the liquid separation plate (221).

6. A fractionation extraction apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: and through-bar holes (2111) are formed in the side walls of the core barrel (211) and the column cap (22) along the vertical direction, rod pieces with threads at two ends vertically penetrate through the through-bar holes (2111), and nuts are screwed at two ends of the rod pieces to lock the extraction unit column (21) and the column cap (22) which are vertically stacked.