CN112216869B - High-voltage electrolyte additive, high-voltage electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
High-voltage electrolyte additive, high-voltage electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, and provides a high-voltage electrolyte additive shown in the following formula,
the additive can be used as a film forming additive of a positive electrode, can form a stable CEI film with strong mechanical property on the surface of the lithium nickel manganese oxide, effectively isolates the positive electrode from an electrolyte, avoids oxidation reaction between the positive electrode and the electrolyte, and reduces corrosion of HF to the lithium nickel manganese oxide positive electrode. The invention also provides the high-voltage electrolyte containing the high-voltage electrolyte additive and a battery using the high-voltage electrolyte, and the battery containing the high-voltage electrolyte still has better discharge capacity and good cycling stability after being cycled for 100 times under a high-temperature condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery electrolyte, in particular to a high-voltage electrolyte additive for improving electrochemical performance of lithium nickel manganese oxide, electrolyte containing the additive and a lithium ion battery.
Background
LiCoO is the main active material of the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery 2 、LiNiO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 、LiFePO 4 Nickel cobalt manganese ternary material, spinel nickel lithium manganate and the like; wherein the spinel lithium nickel manganese oxide cathode (LNMO) material has a high operating voltage of 4.75V (relative to Li/Li) + ) And 146.7mAh g -1 The material has the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity, no Co contained in the material components, simple preparation process, low cost, high safety and the like, and becomes the most potential next-generation commercial high-energy-density lithium ion battery anode material.
However, the application of the nickel lithium manganate is limited by some defects at present, namely Ni with exposed and strong oxidizing property on the surface in the production of the nickel lithium manganate 4+ Catalyzing oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte; secondly, LiPF (lithium ion plasma) of electrolyte under high-potential and high-temperature conditions 6 PF produced by decomposition 5 React with trace water in the system to generate HF, and accelerate Mn in an LNMO structure 2+ Dissolved Mn causing structural instability 2+ Is reduced at the negative electrode, resulting in capacity fade during cycling.
From the perspective of electrolyte, the use of the positive electrode film-forming additive is one of the best ways to effectively solve the problems of the LNMO, and the positive electrode film-forming additive can form a stable CEI film on the surface of the lithium nickel manganese oxide, so as to avoid oxidation between an electrode and the electrolyte and corrosion of HF on the electrode.
The anode film forming additive applied to the electrolyte at present can be mainly divided into: inorganic solid additives, electrooxidation polymerization type additives, phosphate ester additives, fluoro organic additives and the like. The inorganic solid additive has poor solubility in the electrolyte, and can generate negative influence on the conductivity of the electrolyte; the electrochemical oxidation polymerization type additive is easy to generate self-discharge phenomenon, the electrolyte and the anode cannot be well isolated if the additive amount is too small, and the impedance is too large if the additive amount is too large. The phosphate additive and the fluoroorganic additive can form a stable CEI film, so that the anode material and the electrolyte are isolated, and the phosphate additive and the fluoroorganic additive have good application prospects.
In conclusion, the existing film-forming additive for the positive electrode cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of low cost, convenient preparation and good isolation effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a high-voltage electrolyte additive, which can be used as a positive electrode film-forming additive, can form a stable CEI film with strong mechanical property on the surface of lithium nickel manganese oxide, effectively isolate a positive electrode from an electrolyte, avoid oxidation reaction between the positive electrode and the electrolyte, and reduce corrosion of HF to the lithium nickel manganese oxide positive electrode.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a high-voltage electrolyte containing the high-voltage electrolyte additive, which is applied to a battery and still has good discharge capacity and good cycling stability after being cycled for 100 times under high-temperature conditions.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery containing the high-voltage electrolyte.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention firstly provides a high-voltage electrolyte additive shown in a formula (1),
in the formula: r 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Each independently of the others is optionally hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1-20 Straight-chain or branched alkyl, C 1-20 Linear or branched alkoxy, C 3-20 Straight-chain or branched alkenyl, C 3-20 Straight-chain or branched alkynyl, C 6-26 Aryl substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl.
Preferably, R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Each independently of the others is optionally hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1-10 Straight-chain or branched alkyl, C 1-10 Linear or branched alkoxy, C 3-10 Straight-chain or branched alkenyl, C 3-10 Straight-chain or branched alkynyl, C 6-26 Aryl substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl.
Further preferably, R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Each independently of the others is optionally hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1-5 Straight or branched alkyl, C 1-5 Linear or branched alkoxy, C 3-5 Straight-chain or branched alkenyl, C 3-5 Straight-chain or branched alkynyl, C 6-26 Aryl substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl.
Wherein the aryl group substituted with an alkyl group means that the aryl group is substituted with a straight or branched alkyl group at any position of the aryl group.
More preferably, in formula (1), R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Each independently of the others is optionally hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1-5 Straight-chain or branched alkyl, C 1-5 Linear or branched alkoxy. Specifically, C 1-5 Straight or branched chain alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, and the like.
The invention also provides a high-voltage electrolyte which comprises the high-voltage electrolyte additive with the structure of the formula (1). Wherein, the content of the high-voltage electrolyte additive shown in the formula (1) accounts for 0.005-0.02% of the total electrolyte in percentage by weight; preferably 0.005 to 0.01%.
By verification, the electrolyte additive can achieve good effect only by adding a small amount, and the electrochemical performance of the battery is influenced by excessive addition.
The high-voltage electrolyte also comprises lithium salt and an organic solvent. The organic solvent is selected from one or more of carbonate, phosphate, carboxylate, ether, nitrile and sulfone solvents.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and the high-voltage electrolyte. Among them, the positive electrode material is preferably spinel lithium nickel manganese oxide. Besides, the anode material of the invention can also be LiCoO 2 、LiNiO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 、LiFePO 4 And nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials and other anode materials, and has wider application range.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with other components in the electrolyte, the high-voltage electrolyte additive with the structure shown in the formula (1) has higher Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) energy level, is easy to lose electrons and preferentially oxidize, can form a CEI film with electronic insulation on the surface of a positive electrode material after oxidation, effectively isolates the electrolyte from the positive electrode material, reduces the oxidation reaction between the electrolyte and the positive electrode material, reduces the corrosion of HF to the positive electrode, and ensures that the formed battery has better cycle stability.
2. The benzene ring structure in the additive can be used as a CEI film forming framework, so that the mechanical property of the CEI film is improved, and the integrity and stability of the CEI film formed on the surface of the anode can be ensured.
3. The additive contains carbonyl with certain Lewis basicity, and the carbonyl can react with PF produced in electrolyte system 5 A preferential reaction occurs to reduce PF 5 And ethylene carbonate in the organic solvent, effectively preventing the solution in the electrolyte system from being consumed in circulation.
4. Compared with the existing fluorine-containing organic additives and phosphate additives, the additive provided by the invention has the advantages of simple synthesis process and low cost.
5. The lithium ion battery has better discharge capacity and good cycle stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a LSV curve for the electrolytes of cells prepared in example 2 of the present invention and comparative example 1;
fig. 2 is a high temperature cycle performance curve of the batteries prepared in example 2 of the present invention and comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a lithium nickel manganese oxide positive electrode of an assembled lithium nickel manganese oxide/metallic lithium half cell of example 2 and comparative example 1 of the present invention after 100 cycles at 55 ℃.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments below.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-voltage electrolyte, and a preparation method thereof comprises the following steps: at 1mol/L LiPF 6 Adding a compound A accounting for 0.005 percent of the total mass of the electrolyte into a traditional carbonate electrolyte with the solvent of EC/DMC/EMC (volume ratio of 1:1:1), wherein the structure of the compound A is as follows:
example 2
The high-voltage electrolyte of the present example differs from example 1 in that: in the high-voltage electrolyte of the embodiment, the compound a is added in an amount of 0.01% by mass based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
Example 3
The high-voltage electrolyte of the present example differs from example 1 in that: in the high-voltage electrolyte of the embodiment, the compound a is added in an amount of 0.02% by mass based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
Example 4
The high-voltage electrolyte of the present example is different from that of example 1 in that: in the high-voltage electrolyte of the embodiment, a compound B accounting for 0.01% of the total mass of the electrolyte is added, and the structure of the compound B is as follows:
in the formula: r 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Are all hydroxyl groups.
Example 5
The high-voltage electrolyte of the present example is different from that of example 1 in that: in the high-voltage electrolyte of the embodiment, a compound C accounting for 0.01% of the total mass of the electrolyte is added, and the structure of the compound C is as follows:
in the formula: r 1 、R 2 Are each hydroxy, R 3 、R 4 Are all methyl.
Example 6
The high-voltage electrolyte of the present example differs from example 1 in that: in the high-voltage electrolyte of the embodiment, a compound D is added in an amount of 0.01% of the total mass of the electrolyte, and the structure of the compound D is as follows:
in the formula: r 1 、R 3 Are all methoxy radicals, R 2 、R 4 Are all n-butyl.
Example 6
The high-voltage electrolyte of the present example differs from example 1 in that: in the high-voltage electrolyte of the embodiment, a compound E accounting for 0.01% of the total mass of the electrolyte is added, and the structure of the compound E is as follows:
in the formula: r 1 Is phenyl, R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Are all methoxy groups.
Example 7
The high-voltage electrolyte of the present example is different from that of example 1 in that: in the high-voltage electrolyte of the embodiment, a compound F is added in an amount of 0.01% of the total mass of the electrolyte, and the structure of the compound F is as follows:
in the formula: r 1 Is isoamyl, R 2 Is methoxy, R 3 Is C 3 H 7 O-，R 4 Are all H.
Comparative example 1
The high-voltage electrolyte of this comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the high-voltage electrolyte in this comparative example was not added with compound a.
Examples of the experiments
Experimental example 1: testing of Battery Performance
1. Preparation of button type half cell
(1) Preparation of positive pole piece
Lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi) 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 ) Conductive carbon black (Super-P) and a binder containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in a mass ratio of 8: 1:1, mixing, ball-milling for 5 hours at 300rpm by using a ball mill to obtain anode slurry, uniformly coating the anode slurry on one side of an aluminum foil with a clean surface, drying and cutting pieces to obtain the anode piece for testing.
(2) Preparation of button type half cell
In an argon-filled glove box with less than 10ppm of moisture and oxygen, the high-voltage electrolytes prepared in examples 1-7 and comparative example 1 were added respectively by using the positive electrode piece in (1) and the lithium piece as the negative electrode, and 8 groups of CR2032 type button cells were assembled by using Celgard 2400 as the separator.
2. Button cell electrochemical performance test
The button cell was pre-cycled three times with a constant current of 0.2C to 5.2V and then constant current to 3.5V, and then the cell was subjected to 100 cycles of high temperature cycling performance testing with a constant current of 1C to 5.2V and then constant current to 3.5V, with the resulting high temperature cycling performance data shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Battery performances obtained from the preparation of high-voltage electrolytes of examples and comparative examples
The results in table 1 show that: the 100-time capacity retention rate of the battery prepared after the high-voltage electrolyte additive disclosed by the invention is added into the electrolyte (examples 1-7) is far higher than the 100-time capacity retention rate of the battery without the high-voltage electrolyte additive (comparative example 1); and the addition amount of the additive is 0.005 percent, so that good effect is achieved. The additive of the invention can obtain good cycle stability with less addition amount.
Experimental example 2 additive Positive film Forming Performance test
In order to verify the film forming property of the positive electrode of the high-voltage electrolyte additive and improve the effect of the cycle performance of the lithium nickel manganese oxide button cell, LSV linear scanning tests are respectively carried out on the electrolytes in the embodiment 2 and the comparative example 1, high-temperature cycle tests are carried out on the lithium nickel manganese oxide button cell, and SEM scanning electron microscope tests and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests are carried out on the cycled positive electrode piece of the lithium nickel manganese oxide button cell.
LSV Linear Scan test
A linear scan test was performed at a scan rate of 5.0mV s-1 over a voltage range of 3-6V using the three-electrode method (platinum metal as the working electrode and lithium metal as the counter and reference electrodes, respectively) for the electrolytes of example 2 and comparative example 1, respectively, and the results are shown in FIG. 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the electrolyte in comparative example 1 showed a significant oxidation current around 4.2V, and the oxidation current increased significantly as the voltage increased, whereas the electrolyte in example 1 showed a significant oxidation current around 4.0V, but the oxidation current did not increase significantly as the voltage increased after 5.0V. The additive A can be oxidized in preference to other components of the electrolyte, and the oxidized product of the additive A is deposited on the surface of the lithium nickel manganese oxide to form a more stable CEI film, so that the film can effectively inhibit the side reaction of a subsequent reaction electrode and the electrolyte, and the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery is remarkably improved.
2. High temperature cycle performance test
The lithium nickel manganese oxide button half-cell assembled by the electrolyte in the embodiment 2 and the electrolyte in the comparative example 1 is subjected to 100 charge and discharge tests under the condition of 55 ℃ and 1C. The results are shown in FIG. 2 (high temperature cycle performance) and Table 1 (electrochemical performance).
As can be seen from Table 1, the cycle performance of the lithium nickel manganese oxide button half cell assembled by the electrolyte in the embodiment 2 is obviously better than that of the lithium nickel manganese oxide button half cell assembled by the electrolyte in the comparative example 1; the high-temperature cycle performance shown in the attached figure 2 shows that the additive A can improve the cycle stability of the battery by improving the stability of the CEI film on the surface of the lithium nickel manganese oxide.
3. Scanning electron microscope test
Scanning electron microscope tests are respectively carried out on the positive pole pieces of the lithium nickel manganese oxide button half-cell assembled by the electrolytes in the embodiment 2 and the comparative example 1, which are subjected to high-temperature circulation for 100 times. The results are shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3: the surface of the nickel lithium manganate pole piece after the circulation in the embodiment 2 is relatively smooth, and the edges and corners of the particles are clear, while the surface of the nickel lithium manganate pole piece after the circulation in the comparative example 1 is not smooth, so that a lot of oxidation product precipitates are covered, and the edges and corners of the particles cannot be identified, because the CEI film generated by the electrolyte in the comparative example 1 is unstable, the oxidation reaction between the electrode and the electrolyte in the circulation process cannot be prevented.
To sum up, the high-voltage electrolyte additive can form a stable CEI film on the surface of the anode material, effectively isolates the electrolyte and the anode material, reduces the oxidation reaction between the electrolyte and the anode material, and can reduce the corrosion of HF to the anode, so that the battery has good discharge capacity and good cycling stability at high temperature.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The high-voltage electrolyte is characterized by comprising a high-voltage electrolyte additive with a structure shown in a formula (1)
（1）
In the formula: r 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Each independently of the others is optionally hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 - 20 Straight-chain or branched alkyl, C 1 - 20 Linear or branched alkoxy, C 3 - 20 Straight-chain or branched alkenyl, C 3 - 20 Straight-chain or branched alkynyl, C 6 - 26 Aryl substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl.
2. The high-voltage electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein R in the formula (1) 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Each independently of the others is optionally hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 - 10 Straight or branched alkyl, C 1 - 10 Linear or branched alkoxy, C 3 - 10 Straight-chain or branched alkenyl, C 3 - 10 Straight-chain or branched alkynyl, C 6 - 26 Aryl substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl.
3. The high-voltage electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein R in the formula (1) 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Each independently of the others is optionally hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 - 5 Straight-chain or branched alkyl, C 1 - 5 Linear or branched alkoxy, C 3 - 5 Straight-chain or branched alkenyl, C 3 - 5 Straight-chain or branched alkynyl, C 6 - 26 Aryl substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl.
4. The high-voltage electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein R in the formula (1) 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Each independently of the others is optionally hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 - 5 Straight-chain or branched alkyl, C 1 - 5 Linear or branched alkoxy.
5. The high-voltage electrolyte as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the additive is present in an amount of 0.005 to 0.02 wt% based on the weight of the high-voltage electrolyte represented by formula (1).
6. The high-voltage electrolyte solution according to claim 5, wherein the content of the high-voltage electrolyte additive represented by the formula (1) is 0.005-0.01% by weight.
7. The high voltage electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a lithium salt and an organic solvent.
8. The high voltage electrolyte of claim 7, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of one or more of carbonates, phosphates, carboxylates, ethers, nitriles, and sulfones.
9. A lithium ion battery comprising the high-voltage electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| Review of Electrolyte Additives for Ternary Cathode Lithium-ion Battery;Deng Bangwei，Sun Daming，Peng Gongchang;《ACTA CHIMICA SINICA》;20180415;第76卷(第4期);259-277 * |
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