CN112216409A - Reactor core, nuclear reactor and passive shutdown method of nuclear reactor - Google Patents
Reactor core, nuclear reactor and passive shutdown method of nuclear reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112216409A CN112216409A CN202010929001.XA CN202010929001A CN112216409A CN 112216409 A CN112216409 A CN 112216409A CN 202010929001 A CN202010929001 A CN 202010929001A CN 112216409 A CN112216409 A CN 112216409A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
- G21C7/02—Control of nuclear reaction by using self-regulating properties of reactor materials, e.g. Doppler effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/28—Selection of specific coolants ; Additions to the reactor coolants, e.g. against moderator corrosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reactor core, a nuclear reactor and a passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor, wherein the reactor core comprises a cylindrical member, a plurality of core blocks, a fusing assembly and a stretching assembly, the core blocks are arranged in the cylindrical member and are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, each core block comprises a plurality of fuel assemblies, when the temperature of the reactor core of the nuclear reactor is lower than a preset temperature, the fusing assembly is connected with the adjacent core blocks, when the temperature of the reactor core of the nuclear reactor reaches or exceeds the preset temperature, the fusing assembly is broken to separate the adjacent core blocks, the stretching assembly is connected with the inner wall surface of the cylindrical member and the core blocks, and when the fusing assembly is connected with the adjacent core blocks, the stretching assembly has a pulling force towards the cylindrical member on. The system design of reactor core separation shutdown is realized by fusing the assembly in the reactor core of the nuclear reactor, so that the nuclear reactor can complete passive safe shutdown in the reactor core, and the condition that the conventional shutdown measures outside the reactor core of the reactor are invalid can be effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear engineering, in particular to a nuclear reactor core, a nuclear reactor with the core and a passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor.
Background
Nuclear reactors, also known as nuclear reactors or reactors, are devices that can sustain a controlled, self-sustaining, chain-type nuclear fission reaction to achieve nuclear energy utilization. The method for controlling the startup and shutdown of the nuclear reactor mostly utilizes a control rod assembly containing an absorption material to realize the startup and shutdown processes by the mutual cooperation of control side actions and other reactivity control methods. The operating principle of the control rod assembly for starting and stopping the reactor is that the absorption rate of neutrons is reduced mainly by lifting control rods and the like when the reactor is started, and the reactor is started by introducing positive reactivity into a reactor core; and under the accident condition, the control rod assembly is quickly inserted into the reactor core to introduce negative reactivity, so that the reactor is stopped emergently, and the safety of the nuclear reactor is ensured. In addition, there are related art techniques that employ boron-containing solutions to adjust or reduce reactivity as an aid to control of the control rod assembly.
However, in a high-radioactivity and high-temperature operation environment, the failure probability of the control rod system is obviously improved, the structure is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, the processing difficulty of the control rod assembly is obviously increased for a small reactor or even a micro reactor, the distribution nonuniformity of neutron flux is increased, and the reliability and the safety of the small and micro reactor are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
To this end, an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention provides a core of a nuclear reactor, which reduces the structural complexity and manufacturing cost of the nuclear reactor, is suitable for automatic shutdown of a small reactor, and improves the reliability and safety of the reactor.
An embodiment of another aspect of the invention is directed to a nuclear reactor.
Embodiments of yet another aspect of the present invention provide a method for passive shutdown of a nuclear reactor.
A core of a nuclear reactor according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention comprises: a cylindrical member; a plurality of pellets provided within the cylinder and arranged at intervals along a circumference of the cylinder, each pellet including a plurality of fuel assemblies; a fuse assembly connecting adjacent core blocks when a temperature of a core of the nuclear reactor is lower than a preset temperature, the fuse assembly breaking to separate the adjacent core blocks when the temperature of the core of the nuclear reactor reaches or exceeds the preset temperature; a tension assembly connecting an inner wall surface of the barrel and the core block, the tension assembly having a tension on the core block toward the barrel when the fuse assembly connects adjacent core blocks.
According to the reactor core of the nuclear reactor, when the temperature of the reactor core of the nuclear reactor is lower than the preset temperature, the fusing component is connected with the adjacent core blocks, when the temperature of the reactor core of the nuclear reactor reaches or exceeds the preset temperature, the fusing component is broken, and after the fusing component is broken, the core blocks move towards the inner wall direction of the cylindrical part under the action of the stretching component, so that the core blocks can be quickly separated, the passive safety shutdown is completed, the condition that the conventional reactor core external shutdown measures are invalid can be effectively avoided, the combined structure of the fusing component, the reactor core and the stretching component is simple, and the cost is reduced on the premise that the reactor core is safely shut down.
In some embodiments, the fuse assembly is multiple, and when the core of the nuclear reactor is at a temperature lower than a preset temperature, every two adjacent core blocks are connected through one fuse assembly.
In some embodiments, the fuse assembly includes: a first filler provided in one of the core blocks adjacent to each other, a second filler provided in the other of the core blocks adjacent to each other, and a connecting member extending in a circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, one end of the connecting member being connectable to the first filler through a portion of one of the core blocks adjacent to each other, and the other end of the connecting member being connectable to the second filler through a portion of the other of the core blocks adjacent to each other, wherein at least a portion of the third connecting member is broken when a temperature at which a core of the nuclear reactor is exposed reaches or exceeds a preset temperature.
In some embodiments, one of the core blocks adjacent to the other core block is provided with a first groove extending from the outer end face of the core block generally radially inwards of the cylindrical member, and the first filling member is arranged in the first groove; the other core block in the adjacent core blocks is provided with a second groove which extends inwards from the outer end surface of the other core block generally along the radial direction of the cylindrical piece, and the second filling piece is arranged in the second groove; one of the core blocks adjacent to each other is provided with a first opening communicated with the first groove on one side surface of the cylindrical piece adjacent to the other core block adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical piece, and one end of the connecting piece is connected with the first filling piece through the first opening; and the other core block in the adjacent core blocks is provided with a second opening communicated with the second groove on one side surface of the cylindrical member adjacent to the core block in the adjacent core block in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, and the other end of the third connecting member passes through the second opening to be connected with the second filling member.
In some embodiments, the first opening is a plurality of openings, the first openings are arranged at intervals in the radial direction of the cylindrical member, the second openings are a plurality of openings, the second openings are arranged at intervals in the radial direction of the cylindrical member, and the second openings and the first openings are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member; the connecting piece is a plurality of, and one end of every connecting piece passes a first trompil and links to each other with first packing, and the other end of this connecting piece passes the second trompil that corresponds with this first trompil and links to each other with the second packing.
In some embodiments, the connector includes a first section, a second section, and a third section, at least a portion of the first section being disposed within the first opening, at least a portion of the second section being disposed within the second opening, the third section being positioned between and connecting the first section and the second section, the third section being fractured when a temperature of a core of the nuclear reactor reaches or exceeds a predetermined temperature.
In some embodiments, the fuse assembly further comprises: the first fixing piece is arranged on the outer end face of one core block in the adjacent core blocks so as to seal the first groove; and the second fixing piece is arranged on the outer end surface of the other core block in the adjacent core blocks so as to close the second groove.
In some embodiments, the number of the stretching assemblies is plural, and each core block is connected to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical member through one of the stretching assemblies.
In some embodiments, the tension assembly includes an elastic member having one end connected to the core block and the other end connected to an inner wall surface of the cylindrical member.
In some embodiments, an extension of a line connecting a junction of the tension assembly with the core block and a junction of the tension assembly with an inner wall surface of the cylinder passes through a center of the cylinder.
In some embodiments, the core blocks are generally fan-shaped.
In some embodiments, the preset temperature is dependent on a temperature of a coolant within the nuclear reactor.
A nuclear reactor according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention comprises: a reactor vessel having a liquid metal coolant therein; a core provided at a bottom portion in the reactor vessel, the core being a core of a nuclear reactor according to any one of the embodiments described above.
According to the nuclear reactor, in the operation process of the nuclear reactor, when the temperature of the core of the nuclear reactor is lower than the preset temperature, the fusing assembly is connected with the adjacent core blocks, the nuclear reactor normally works, when the temperature of the core of the nuclear reactor reaches or exceeds the preset temperature, the fusing assembly is broken, and after the fusing assembly is broken, the core blocks move towards the inner wall of the cylindrical part under the action of the stretching assembly, so that the core blocks can be quickly separated, the nuclear reactor can complete passive safety shutdown, and the condition that the conventional shutdown measures outside the reactor core of the reactor fail can be effectively avoided.
According to the passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor of the third aspect of the invention, the passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor comprises the following steps:
when the temperature of the reactor core reaches or exceeds a preset temperature, the fusing component is fused, and the adjacent core blocks are disconnected;
and pulling the core blocks towards the cylindrical piece by the pulling assembly so that the core blocks are pulled to preset positions to destroy the critical state of the core, thereby realizing passive shutdown.
According to the passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the fusing component can be automatically heated and disconnected when the temperature of the reactor core reaches a set threshold value, so that the core blocks of the reactor core are separated from each other.
In some embodiments, the number of the stretching assemblies is multiple, each stretching assembly corresponds to one core block, and the core blocks are respectively correspondingly pulled to the corresponding preset positions by the multiple stretching assemblies.
In some embodiments, the preset temperature is dependent on a temperature of a coolant within the nuclear reactor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a core of a nuclear reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fuse assembly of a nuclear reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the fuel assembly comprises a cylindrical member 1, a stretching member 2, a fusing member 3, a first groove 31, a first filling member 311, a first opening 312, a second groove 32, a second filling member 321, a second opening 322, a connecting member 33, a first section 331, a second section 332, a third section 333, a first fixing member 34, a second fixing member 35, a fuel assembly 4 and a core block 5.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a core of a nuclear reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a cylinder 1, a plurality of core blocks 5, a fuse assembly 3 and a tension assembly 2.
A plurality of pellets 5 are provided within the cylinder 1 and are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the cylinder 1, each pellet 5 comprising a plurality of fuel assemblies 4.
The fusing assembly 3 connects the adjacent core blocks 5 when the core of the nuclear reactor is at a temperature lower than a preset temperature, and the fusing assembly 3 is broken to separate the adjacent core blocks 5 when the core of the nuclear reactor is at a temperature reaching or exceeding the preset temperature.
The pulling assembly 2 connects the inner wall surface of the cylinder 1 and the core blocks 5, and when the fusing assembly 3 connects the adjacent core blocks 5, the pulling assembly 2 has a pulling force on the core blocks 5 towards the cylinder 1.
According to the reactor core of the nuclear reactor, when the temperature of the reactor core 5 of the nuclear reactor is lower than the preset temperature, the fusing component 3 is connected with the adjacent core blocks 5, when the temperature of the reactor core of the nuclear reactor reaches or exceeds the preset temperature, the fusing component 3 is broken, and after the fusing component 3 is broken, the core blocks 5 move towards the inner wall direction of the cylindrical part 1 under the action of the stretching component 2, so that the core blocks 5 can be quickly separated, the passive safety shutdown is completed, the condition that the conventional reactor core external shutdown measures are invalid can be effectively avoided, the combined structure of the fusing component 3, the plurality of core blocks 5 and the stretching component 2 is simple, and the cost is reduced on the premise that the reactor core is safely shut down.
In some embodiments, the fuse assembly 3 is a plurality of fuse assemblies, and each two adjacent pellets 5 are connected by one fuse assembly 3 when the core of the nuclear reactor is at a temperature lower than a preset temperature.
According to the reactor core of the nuclear reactor, the plurality of fusing assemblies 3 are arranged to be matched with the plurality of core blocks 5, when the temperature of the fusing assemblies and the temperature of the reactor core of the nuclear reactor reach a preset value, the core blocks 5 can be separated from each other, and the effect of fast shutdown is achieved.
In some embodiments, the fuse assembly 3 includes a first filler member 311, a second filler member 312, and a connection member 33.
The first filling piece 311 is provided in one of the adjacent core blocks 5.
The second filler 321 is provided in the other core block 5 of the adjacent core blocks 5.
The connecting piece 33 extends along the circumference of the cylindrical piece 1, and one end of the connecting piece 33 can be connected with the first filling piece 311 through a part of one core block 5 in the adjacent core blocks 5, and the other end of the connecting piece 33 can be connected with the second filling piece 321 through a part of the other core block 5 in the adjacent core blocks 5, and at least part of the connecting piece 33 is broken when the temperature of the core of the nuclear reactor reaches or exceeds the preset temperature.
According to the core of the nuclear reactor of the embodiment of the present invention, the two core blocks 5 adjacent to each other can be connected by the connecting member 33 by passing one end portion of the connecting member 33 through one core block 5 of the two core blocks 5 adjacent to each other and passing the other end portion of the connecting member 33 through the other core block 5 of the two core blocks 5 adjacent to each other, when the plurality of core blocks 5 are connected by the connecting member 33, the connecting member 33 can be tightened by the two core blocks 5 adjacent to each other while the core blocks 5 are pulled by the tension assembly 2, further enhancing the connection strength between the two core blocks 5 adjacent to each other, and when the temperature at which the core of the nuclear reactor is located reaches or exceeds a preset temperature, the portions of the connecting member 33 are fused, so that the two core blocks 5 adjacent to each other can be.
In some embodiments, one core block 5 of the adjacent core blocks 5 is provided with a first groove 31 extending from the outer end face of the one core block 5 generally radially inward of the cylindrical member 1, and the first filling member 311 is provided in the first groove 31.
The other core block 5 of the adjacent core blocks 5 is provided with a second groove 32 extending from the outer end face of the other core block 5 generally radially inwards of the cylinder 1, and a second filler 321 is provided in the second groove 32.
One of the core blocks 5 of the adjacent core blocks 5 is provided with a first opening 312 communicating with the first recess 31 at one side surface of the cylindrical member 1 adjacent to the other core block 5 of the adjacent core blocks 5 in the circumferential direction, and one end of the connecting member 33 passes through the first opening 312 to be connected to the first filling member 311.
The other core block 5 of the adjacent core blocks 5 is provided with a second opening 322 communicating with the second groove 32 at one side surface of the cylindrical member 1 adjacent to the one core block 5 of the adjacent core blocks 5 in the circumferential direction, and the other end of the connecting member 33 passes through the second opening 322 to be connected with the second filling member 321.
According to the core of the nuclear reactor of the embodiment of the present invention, by providing one core block 5 of the adjacent core blocks 5 with the first groove 31 extending from the outer end surface of the one core block 5 substantially inward in the radial direction of the barrel 1 and the other core block 5 of the adjacent core blocks 5 with the second groove 32 extending from the outer end surface of the other core block 5 substantially inward in the radial direction of the barrel 1, it is possible to locate one end of the connecting member 33 in the first groove 31 and the other end of the connecting member 33 in the second groove 32, the connecting member 33 can be completely clamped between the adjacent two core blocks 5 by the cooperation of the connecting member 33, the first opening 312, the second opening 322, the first groove 31 and the second groove 32, the integrity and the overall strength of the core blocks 5 can be maintained, thereby enhancing the strength of the connection between two adjacent core blocks 5.
In some embodiments, the first holes 312 are plural, the plural first holes 312 are arranged at intervals in the radial direction of the cylindrical member 1, the plural second holes 322 are plural, the plural second holes 322 are arranged at intervals in the radial direction of the cylindrical member 1, and the plural second holes 322 and the plural first holes 312 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member 1; the connecting members 33 are plural, one end of each connecting member 33 is connected to the first filling member 311 through a first opening 312, and the other end of the connecting member 33 is connected to the second filling member 321 through a second opening 322 corresponding to the first opening 312.
According to the core of the nuclear reactor of the embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of connecting members 33 are fixed between the two core blocks 5 adjacent to each other through the plurality of first openings 312 and the second openings 322 corresponding to the plurality of first openings 312, so that the stability of the entire fuse assembly 3 can be enhanced, and the plurality of connecting members 33 can effectively prevent the efficiency from being affected by the shutdown of the connecting members 33 due to the breakage of the connecting members 33 caused by an unexpected situation when the single connecting member 33 is provided.
In some embodiments, the connector 33 comprises a first section 331, a second section 332 and a third section 333, at least part of the first section 331 being disposed within the first opening 312, at least part of the second section 332 being disposed within the second opening 322, the third section 333 being located between the first opening 312 and the second opening 322 and connecting the first section 331 and the second section 332, the third section 333 being broken when the temperature at which the core of the nuclear reactor is exposed reaches or exceeds a predetermined temperature.
According to the core of the nuclear reactor of the embodiment of the invention, the connecting piece 33 is divided into the first section 331, the second section 332 and the third section 333, and only the third section 333 is broken when the predetermined temperature is reached or exceeded, so that the third section 333 can be rapidly broken when the predetermined temperature is reached or exceeded, and the third section 333 is positioned between two adjacent core blocks 5, and the breaking from the middle of the two adjacent core blocks 5 can ensure that the two adjacent core blocks 5 are rapidly separated under the action of the stretching assembly 2 to realize shutdown.
In some embodiments, the fuse assembly 3 further includes a first fixing member 34, the first fixing member 34 being provided on an outer end surface of one of the adjacent core blocks 5 to close the first recess 31, and a second fixing member 35 being provided on an outer end surface of the other of the adjacent core blocks 5 to close the second recess 32.
According to the core of the nuclear reactor of the embodiment of the present invention, the first and second fixtures 34 and 35 can completely close the first and second recesses 31 and 32 by being fixed by compression, thereby increasing the stability of the first and second recesses 31 and 32.
In some embodiments, the drawing group 2 is in plurality, each core block 5 being associated with the internal wall of the cylinder 1 by one drawing group 2.
According to the core of the nuclear reactor of the embodiment of the present invention, by connecting each core block 5 to one tension assembly 2, it is possible to conveniently replace the tension assembly 2 and the fuse assembly 3 after a safety shutdown.
In some embodiments, the stretching assembly 2 comprises an elastic member, one end of which is associated with the core 5 and the other end of which is associated with the inner wall of the cylindrical member 1.
According to the reactor core of the nuclear reactor of the embodiment of the invention, the core blocks 5 are connected with the inner wall surface of the cylindrical member 1 through the elastic member, so that when the fusing component 3 is broken due to the temperature reaching a preset temperature, the core blocks 5 can move to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical member 1 more quickly through the resetting of the elastic member, and the core blocks 5 can be separated from each other quickly.
In some embodiments, the extension of the line connecting the connection of the stretching assembly 2 with the core block 5 and the connection of the stretching assembly 2 with the inner wall surface of the cylindrical member 1 passes through the center of the cylindrical member 1.
According to the reactor core of the nuclear reactor, the extension line of the connecting part of the stretching assembly 2 and the core block 5 and the connecting part of the stretching assembly 2 and the inner wall surface of the cylindrical member 1 passes through the center of the cylindrical member 1, so that the core blocks 5 can be rapidly pulled to the inner wall of the cylindrical member 1, the swinging among the core blocks 5 can be reduced in the pulling process, the core blocks 5 are separated at the maximum distance, and the core blocks 5 are prevented from being collided and attached again to damage the core blocks 5.
In some embodiments, the core blocks 5 are substantially fan-shaped.
In the core of the nuclear reactor according to the embodiment of the present invention, the core blocks 5 have a substantially fan shape, and the space of the cylindrical member 1 can be used reasonably to increase the energy supply.
In some embodiments, the preset temperature is dependent on a temperature of a coolant within the nuclear reactor.
According to the core of the nuclear reactor of the embodiment of the present invention, the metal material having the same fusing temperature of the third segment 333 as the predetermined temperature can be melted by adjusting the amount of the coolant, so that the third segment 333 is fused at the predetermined temperature, thereby rapidly separating the core blocks 5.
A nuclear reactor according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention comprises: a reactor vessel having a liquid metal coolant therein; and a core provided at the bottom inside the reactor vessel, the core being a core of a nuclear reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
According to the nuclear reactor, in the operation process of the nuclear reactor, when the temperature of the core of the nuclear reactor is lower than the preset temperature, the fusing component 3 is connected with the adjacent core blocks 5, the nuclear reactor normally works, when the temperature of the core of the nuclear reactor reaches or exceeds the preset temperature, the fusing component 3 is broken, and after the fusing component 3 is broken, the core blocks 5 move towards the inner wall direction of the cylindrical part 1 under the action of the stretching component 2, so that the core blocks 5 can be quickly separated, the nuclear reactor can complete passive safety shutdown, and the condition that the conventional shutdown measures outside the reactor core are invalid can be effectively avoided.
According to the core of the nuclear reactor of the embodiment of the invention, the coolant is one of a gas coolant and a liquid coolant, and preferably, the coolant is a lead-based coolant.
According to the reactor core of the nuclear reactor, after the reactor core is passively separated and stopped, the resistance of the reactor core coolant is rapidly reduced, the flow rate of the coolant can be increased, a large amount of decay heat is rapidly taken away through the coolant, the inherent safety of the reactor core is improved, and the lead-based material is adopted as the reactor coolant, so that the reactor core has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, low melting point, high boiling point and the like, the reactor can operate under normal pressure, and high power density is realized.
According to the passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor, the passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor comprises the following steps:
when the temperature of the reactor core reaches or exceeds the preset temperature, the fusing component 3 is fused, and the adjacent core blocks 5 are disconnected;
the passive shutdown is achieved by pulling the core blocks 5 towards the barrel 1 by the pulling assembly 2 so that the core blocks 5 are pulled to a preset position to break the critical state of the core.
According to the passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fusing group 3 can be automatically heated and disconnected when the temperature of the reactor core reaches a set threshold value, so that the core blocks 5 of the reactor core are separated from each other.
In some embodiments, the number of stretching assemblies is multiple, each stretching assembly corresponds to one core block, and the multiple core blocks are respectively and correspondingly pulled to the corresponding preset positions by the multiple stretching assemblies.
According to the passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor, each core block 5 is connected with one stretching assembly 2, so that the stretching assemblies 2 and the fusing assemblies 3 can be replaced conveniently after the reactor is safely shut down.
In some embodiments, the preset temperature is dependent on a temperature of a coolant within the nuclear reactor.
According to the passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor, the metal material which can enable the fusing temperature of the third section 333 to be the same as the preset temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the dosage of the coolant, so that the third section 333 is fused at the preset temperature, and the core block 5 is rapidly separated.
The following describes a specific structure of a core of a nuclear reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the core of a nuclear reactor comprises a cylindrical member 1, a plurality of pellets 5, the fuse assembly comprises a plurality of fuse assemblies 3, a fuel assembly 4 and a plurality of stretching assemblies 2, wherein the core blocks 5 are approximately fan-shaped, the fuel assemblies 4 are arranged inside the core blocks 5, the core blocks 5 are arranged inside the cylindrical member 1 and are connected with the inner wall of the cylindrical member 1 through the stretching assemblies 2, the extension lines of the connecting positions of the stretching assemblies 2 and the core blocks 5 and the connecting positions of the stretching assemblies 2 and the inner wall surface of the cylindrical member 1 pass through the center of the cylindrical member 1, the fuse assemblies 3 are arranged between every two adjacent core blocks 5, grooves matched with the fuse assemblies 3 are formed in the connecting positions of the core blocks 5 and the fuse assemblies 3, part of the fuse assemblies 3 are positioned in the grooves of one core block 5 in every two adjacent core blocks 5, and part of the other part of the fuse assemblies 3 are positioned in.
As shown in fig. 2, the fusing assembly 3 includes a first filling member 311, a second filling member 321 and a connecting member 33, the first filling member 311 is connected with the second filling member 321 through the connecting member 33, the first filling member 311 is located in a groove of one core block 5 of two adjacent core blocks 5, the second filling member 321 is located in a groove of the other core block 5 of the two adjacent core blocks 5, and the connecting member 33 is connected with the first filling member 311 and the second filling member 321.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the core blocks 5 are fan-shaped, the grooves include a first groove 31 and a second groove 32, the first groove 31 and the second groove 32 are recessed from the outer end of the core block 5 in the radial direction of the core block 5 toward the center of the circle, the first groove 31 is located inside the core block 5 and near one of the two side walls of the core block 5, the second groove 32 is located inside the core block 5 and near the other of the two side walls of the core block 5, the first groove 31 and the second groove 32 of two adjacent core blocks 5 are opposite, the fusing assembly 3 is disposed between two adjacent core blocks 5, the first filling member 311 is located in the first groove 31 of one core block 5 of the two adjacent core blocks 5, and the second filling member 321 is located in the first groove 32 of the other core block 5 of the two adjacent core blocks 5.
The side wall of the core block 5 adjacent to the first groove 31 is provided with a plurality of first holes 312, the plurality of first holes 312 are communicated with the first groove 31 and the outside of the core block 5, the side wall of the core block 5 adjacent to the second groove 32 is provided with a plurality of second holes 322, the plurality of second holes 322 are communicated with the second groove 32 and the outside of the core block 5, the first hole 312 on one core block 5 of two adjacent core blocks 5 is in one-to-one correspondence with the second hole 322 on the other core block 5 of two adjacent core blocks 5, the connecting pieces 33 are provided with a plurality of connecting pieces 33, one end of each connecting piece 33 is connected with the first hole 312 on one core block 5 of two adjacent core blocks 5, and the other end of each connecting piece 33 is connected with the second hole 322 on the other core block 5 of two adjacent core blocks 5 which is in correspondence with the first hole 312 on one core block 5 of two adjacent core blocks 5.
The connecting piece 33 comprises a first section 331, a second section 332 and a third section 333, at least part of the first section 331 is arranged in the first opening 312 of one of the two adjacent core blocks 5 and is connected with the first filling piece 311, at least part of the second section 332 is arranged in the second opening 322 of the other of the two adjacent core blocks 5 and is connected with the second filling piece 321, the third section 333 is arranged between the first opening 312 of one of the two adjacent core blocks 5 and the second opening 322 of the other of the two adjacent core blocks 5 and is connected with the first section 331 and the second section 332, the first groove 31 is provided with a first fixing piece 34 for closing the first groove 31, and the second groove 32 is provided with a fixing piece 35 for closing the second groove 32.
In some embodiments, the stretching assembly 2 comprises an elastic member, one end of which is associated with the core 5 and the other end of which is associated with the inner wall of the cylindrical member 1.
According to a third aspect embodiment of the invention, the passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor comprises the core of the nuclear reactor according to the embodiment of the invention, and the passive shutdown method of the nuclear reactor comprises the following steps:
setting a predetermined temperature: the predetermined temperature is designed according to the amount of coolant used.
The first filler piece 311 of the fusing assembly 3 is placed in the first groove 31 of one of the two adjacent core blocks 5, and the second filler piece 321 of the fusing assembly 3 is placed in the second groove 32 of the other one of the two adjacent core blocks 5 opposite to the first groove 31 of the one of the two adjacent core blocks 5.
A metal having a melting point temperature similar to or the same as the predetermined temperature is selected as the third section 333 of the connecting member 33 of the fuse assembly 3. A metal having a high hardness defect and a melting point higher than that of the third section 333 is selected as the first section 331 and the second section 332 of the fuse assembly 33, and the first section 331 and the second section 332 are connected by the third section 333.
A plurality of stretching units 2 are made of an elastic member, and the inner wall of the cylindrical member 1 is connected to the plurality of core blocks 5 by the plurality of stretching units 2.
If the temperature of the reactor core reaches or exceeds the preset temperature, the third section 333 in the fusing component 3 is fused, the adjacent core blocks 5 move towards the inner wall of the cylindrical part 1 under the action of the stretching component 2, and the plurality of core blocks 5 are mutually disconnected, so that the passive shutdown of the nuclear reactor is realized.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A core for a nuclear reactor, comprising:
a cylindrical member;
a plurality of pellets provided within the cylinder and arranged at intervals along a circumference of the cylinder, each pellet including a plurality of fuel assemblies;
a fuse assembly connecting adjacent core blocks when a temperature of a core of the nuclear reactor is lower than a preset temperature, the fuse assembly breaking to separate the adjacent core blocks when the temperature of the core of the nuclear reactor reaches or exceeds the preset temperature;
a tension assembly connecting an inner wall surface of the barrel and the core block, the tension assembly having a tension on the core block toward the barrel when the fuse assembly connects adjacent core blocks.
2. The core of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuse assembly is a plurality of fuse assemblies, and each two adjacent pellets are connected by one fuse assembly when the core of the nuclear reactor is at a temperature lower than a predetermined temperature.
3. The nuclear reactor core of claim 2, wherein the fuse assembly comprises:
a first filler provided in one of the core blocks adjacent thereto;
a second filler provided in another of the adjacent core blocks;
a connecting member extending in a circumferential direction of the barrel, one end of the connecting member being connectable to the first filler through a portion of one of the adjacent core blocks, and the other end of the connecting member being connectable to the second filler through a portion of the other of the adjacent core blocks, at least a portion of the connecting member being broken when a temperature at which a core of the nuclear reactor is exposed reaches or exceeds a preset temperature.
4. The core of a nuclear reactor as set forth in claim 3, wherein one of the core blocks adjacent thereto is provided with a first groove extending from an outer end face of the one core block substantially radially inward of the cylindrical member, the first filler being provided in the first groove;
the other core block in the adjacent core blocks is provided with a second groove which extends inwards from the outer end surface of the other core block generally along the radial direction of the cylindrical piece, and the second filling piece is arranged in the second groove;
one of the core blocks adjacent to each other is provided with a first opening communicated with the first groove on one side surface of the cylindrical piece adjacent to the other core block adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical piece, and one end of the connecting piece is connected with the first filling piece through the first opening;
and the other core block in the adjacent core blocks is provided with a second opening communicated with the second groove on one side surface of the cylindrical piece adjacent to the core block in the circumferential direction of the core block, and the other end of the connecting piece is connected with the second filling piece through the second opening.
5. The core of a nuclear reactor as set forth in claim 4, wherein said first openings are plural, a plurality of said first openings are arranged at intervals in a radial direction of said cylindrical member, said second openings are plural, a plurality of said second openings are arranged at intervals in a radial direction of said cylindrical member, and a plurality of said second openings and a plurality of said first openings are arranged in one-to-one correspondence in a circumferential direction of said cylindrical member;
the connecting piece is a plurality of, and one end of every connecting piece passes a first trompil and links to each other with first packing, and the other end of this connecting piece passes the second trompil that corresponds with this first trompil and links to each other with the second packing.
6. The nuclear reactor core of claim 4 wherein said connector includes a first section, a second section, and a third section, at least a portion of said first section being disposed within said first opening, at least a portion of said second section being disposed within said second opening, said third section being positioned between and connecting said first and second openings, said third section being fractured when the temperature at which said nuclear reactor core is located reaches or exceeds a predetermined temperature.
7. The nuclear reactor core of claim 4, wherein the fuse assembly further comprises:
the first fixing piece is arranged on the outer end face of one core block in the adjacent core blocks so as to seal the first groove;
and the second fixing piece is arranged on the outer end surface of the other core block in the adjacent core blocks so as to close the second groove.
8. The core of a nuclear reactor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said drawing assemblies are plural, each said pellet being connected to the internal wall surface of said cylindrical member by one said drawing assembly.
9. The core of a nuclear reactor of claim 8, wherein the tension assembly includes an elastic member having one end connected to the core block and the other end connected to an inner wall surface of the cylindrical member.
10. The core of a nuclear reactor of claim 8, wherein an extension line of a line connecting a junction of the tension assembly with the core block and a junction of the tension assembly with an inner wall surface of the cylindrical member passes through a center of the cylindrical member.
11. The core of a nuclear reactor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said pellets are substantially fan-shaped.
12. The core of a nuclear reactor as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said preset temperature is dependent upon the temperature of the coolant within said nuclear reactor.
13. A nuclear reactor, comprising:
a reactor vessel having a liquid metal coolant therein;
a core provided at a bottom portion within the reactor vessel, the core being a core of a nuclear reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
14. A method of passive shutdown of a nuclear reactor, the nuclear reactor including a core of the nuclear reactor of claim 13, the method comprising the steps of:
when the temperature of the reactor core reaches or exceeds a preset temperature, the fusing component is fused, and the adjacent core blocks are disconnected;
and pulling the core blocks towards the cylindrical piece by the pulling assembly so that the core blocks are pulled to preset positions to destroy the critical state of the core, thereby realizing passive shutdown.
15. A nuclear reactor passive shutdown method according to claim 14, wherein the number of the tension assemblies is plural, each tension assembly corresponds to one core block, and the plural core blocks are respectively correspondingly pulled to the corresponding preset positions by the plural tension assemblies.
16. A method of passive shutdown of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 14, wherein the preset temperature is dependent on the temperature of the coolant in the nuclear reactor.
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| CN112216409B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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