CN109830315A - A kind of expansion nuclear reactor - Google Patents

A kind of expansion nuclear reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109830315A
CN109830315A CN201910085838.8A CN201910085838A CN109830315A CN 109830315 A CN109830315 A CN 109830315A CN 201910085838 A CN201910085838 A CN 201910085838A CN 109830315 A CN109830315 A CN 109830315A
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bar
gather
nuclear reactor
pellet
reactor
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CN201910085838.8A
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CN109830315B (en
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王翔
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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Abstract

The invention proposes a kind of expansion nuclear reactors, belong to nuclear reactor technology field, more particularly to a kind of expansion nuclear reactor.When solving that the cooling material that is caused is lost under burst fortuitous event, the problem of the serious nuclear accident such as reactor core caused by reactor cannot stop working in time melts.It includes the pellet unit and expanding unit of multiple radially cuttings.It is mainly used for realizing the autonomous separation of reactor core.

Description

A kind of expansion nuclear reactor
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear reactor technology fields, more particularly to a kind of expansion nuclear reactor.
Background technique
In low temperature heating reactor or the design of small modular reactor, reactor is integrally immersed in pond.In pond Water provides the safety guarantee of reactor as ultimate heat sink.But it since there are the risks that earthquake etc. surprisingly occurs, builds on ground The pond of table is likely to occur crack, and the water in pond is caused to flow out, can not shutdown so that reactor system is possibly in accident In the case where lose ultimate heat sink, enough coolings can not be provided, and then generate a large amount of heat not being discharged, reactor core occurs and melts Solution, leads to serious nuclear accident.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to solve the problems in the prior art, proposes a kind of expansion nuclear reactor.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of expansion nuclear reactor, it includes more The pellet unit and expanding unit of a radially cutting, pellet unit bottom surface and reactor bottom are hinged, the multiple core Module unit, which radially polymerize, forms reactor core, the expanding unit include it is multiple gather bar and restraint assembly, it is described to gather bar quantity Identical as pellet element number and pellet unit with corresponding position is fixedly linked, and the multiple bar of gathering is along reactor central axes Gather the complete cylindrical body of composition to top, described to gather for fastening section at the top of bar, the fastening section lower section is the heat dissipation for gathering bar Section, the restraint assembly are located at and gather at bar fastening section, and the restraint assembly gathers bar and be connected under buoyancy with each, Make it is each gather closely connected between bar, realize the polymerization of pellet unit, the restraint assembly realizes pellet under the effect of gravity The separation of unit.
Further, the bar fastening section diameter of gathering is greater than radiating segment diameter.
Further, the restraint assembly is with garter spring jaggy, and the garter spring is buoyancy garter spring.
Further, the bar fastening section of gathering is floating box structure, provides upward buoyancy to gather bar.
Further, the restraint assembly is separation supporting mechanism, the separation supporting mechanism include weight with Support rod, the weight are located inside floating box structure, and the support rod quantity is identical as pellet element number, the bearing Bar one end and weight bottom surface are hinged, the other end and corresponding position to gather bar middle section hinged.
Further, the pellet unit for the whole involucrum pellet with common envelope or is respectively provided with independent involucrum Independent involucrum pellet.
Further, the bar fastening section top of gathering is provided with stop tab.
Further, the cooling fin gathered bar heat dissipation section surface and be provided with venetian blind type protrusion.
Further, described to gather bar radiating segment using heat-conducting type metal material or use heat-conducting type metal coating.
Further, the pellet unit fuel uses the direct arrangement architecture of fuel element or fuel assembly structure.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention using expansion nuclear reactor structure come When the cooling material for solving to be caused under burst fortuitous event is lost, reactor core caused by reactor cannot stop working in time melts The problem of etc. serious nuclear accident.It introduces and passively replaces people by means of natural laws such as gravity, buoyancy with passive shutdown mechanism Industry control system and redundance unit so that reactor occur cooling material lose situation in can autonomous action, be unfolded reactor core, realize Automatic shutdown, enhancing heat dissipation avoid reactor core from melting the generation for waiting major accidents.The present invention is not necessarily to when the fortuitous event that happens suddenly occurs Human response is not necessarily to control system, realizes complete passive and passive behavior, simplifies system, improve immersion core The inherent safety of reactor.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of expansion nuclear reactor restraint assembly of the present invention when being garter spring, and rounding state structure is shown It is intended to
Fig. 2 is a kind of expansion nuclear reactor restraint assembly of the present invention when being garter spring, and unfolded state structure is shown It is intended to
Fig. 3 is that a kind of expansion nuclear reactor restraint assembly of the present invention is to collapse shape when separating supporting mechanism State structural schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is that a kind of expansion nuclear reactor restraint assembly of the present invention is that shape is unfolded when separating supporting mechanism State structural schematic diagram
Fig. 5 is a kind of expansion nuclear reactor unfolded state schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 6 is a kind of expansion nuclear reactor entirety involucrum pellet structural schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 7 is a kind of expansion nuclear reactor independence involucrum pellet structural schematic diagram of the present invention
1- horizontal plane, 2- stop tab, 3- garter spring, 4- gather bar, 5- cooling fin, 6- pellet unit, 7- reactor bottom, 8- Buoyancy tank, 9- weight, 10- support rod, 11- entirety involucrum pellet, 12- independence involucrum pellet, 13- fuel element directly arrange Structure, 14- fuel assembly structure
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation illustrates.
Illustrate present embodiment referring to Fig. 1-7, a kind of expansion nuclear reactor, it includes multiple radially cuttings Pellet unit 6 and expanding unit, 6 bottom surface of pellet unit and reactor bottom 7 are hinged, and the multiple pellet unit 6 is along diameter Form reactor core to polymerization, the expanding unit include it is multiple gather bar 4 and restraint assembly, it is described to gather 4 quantity of bar and pellet list The identical and pellet unit 6 with corresponding position of first 6 quantity is fixedly linked, the multiple to gather bar 4 along reactor central axes to top Portion gathers the complete cylindrical body of composition, and described to gather for fastening section at the top of bar 4, the fastening section lower section is the radiating segment for gathering bar 4, The restraint assembly is located at and gathers at 4 fastening section of bar, and the restraint assembly is connected under buoyancy with each bar 4 of gathering, Make it is each gather closely connected between bar 4, realize the polymerization of pellet unit 6, the restraint assembly realizes core under the effect of gravity The separation of module unit 6.
In the present embodiment under normal operating conditions, reactor is integrally immersed in cooling medium, the multiple to gather bar 4 Gather the complete cylindrical body of composition to top along reactor central axes, each pellet unit 6 is gathered around central axes, and reactor is referring to There are enough fissile material in fixed space, enough netron-flux densities may be implemented, realizes fission, the normal work of reactor Make;When under emergency conditions, cooling medium is lost, and the multiple 4 upper end constraint relief of bar of gathering divides under the effect of gravity From each pellet unit 6 being unfolded outward around 7 hinged place of reactor bottom, due to neutron leakage or specified in reactor Space in fission material mass it is insufficient and stop fission, reactor stops working, and realizes the automatic shutdown of reactor.
Gather 4 fastening section diameter of bar described in the present embodiment and is greater than radiating segment diameter, for reinforcing the heat dissipation of heap core segment, It is conducive to constraint of the restraint assembly releasing to bar 4 is gathered simultaneously, the restraint assembly is with garter spring 3 jaggy, and the garter spring 3 is Buoyancy garter spring, the buoyancy garter spring can be such that multiple 4 phases of bar of gathering gather in buoyancy float downward to fastening section, be situated between when cooling Matter lose when, liquid level decline, buoyancy garter spring can under floating to be detached from fastening section, and from 3 indentation, there of garter spring disengaging gather bar 4, release The constraint for gathering bar 4 is made to gather the separation of bar 4, reactor stops working.
Gathering 4 fastening section of bar described in the present embodiment is 8 structure of buoyancy tank, provides upward buoyancy to gather bar 4, it is described about Tread assembly is separation supporting mechanism, and the separation supporting mechanism includes weight 9 and support rod 10, the weight 9 In 8 inside configuration of buoyancy tank, 10 quantity of support rod is identical as 6 quantity of pellet unit, described 10 one end of support rod and gravity part 9 bottom surface of part is hinged, and the other end and corresponding position gather that 4 middle section of bar is hinged, and the weight 9 can be by under self gravity Drop pushes support rod 10 to strut the bar 4 of gathering to gather together, and bar 4 is respectively gathered in release makes its separation.When reactor integrally soaks When not in cooling medium, 8 structure of buoyancy tank provides upward buoyancy, with the downward gravity of weight 9 be in equilibrium state or Slightly larger than gravity, gather state so that gathering bar 4 and being in;When cooling medium is lost, liquid level decline causes part buoyancy tank 8 to occur On liquid level, the provided loss of buoyancy of buoyancy tank 8 or reduction, the gravity that weight 9 provides are floated greater than what buoyancy tank 8 can be generated Power, top weight 9 decline by self gravity, and support rod 10 is pushed to strut the bar 4 of gathering to gather together, and then will Each pellet unit 6 separates, and realizes the automatic shutdown of reactor.Or under emergency conditions, reactor cooling condition is disliked Change, coolant temperature increases, and density decline, the buoyancy that buoyancy tank 8 can be generated reduces, and also results in the offer of weight 9 Gravity be greater than the buoyancy that can be generated of buoyancy tank 8, weight 9 declines, will gather bar 4 by support rod 10 and strut, and make each Pellet unit 6 separates, and realizes the automatic shutdown of reactor.Gathering bar 4 can also be used auxiliary fastening means, in normal running (operation) conditions Under, bar gathering will be gathered when reactor is integrally immersed in cooling medium, reduces system mode disturbance;Under emergency conditions, liquid Face decline or fluid density reduce, and the gravity that weight 9 provides is enough to strut auxiliary secure component, realize above-mentioned function.
Based on the above embodiment, pellet unit described in the present embodiment 6 is the whole involucrum pellet 11 with common envelope Or it is respectively provided with independent involucrum, the independent involucrum pellet 12 formed by the individual that involucrum separates, 6 fuel of pellet unit uses The direct arrangement architecture 13 of fuel element or fuel assembly structure 14, when using fuel element direct arrangement architecture 13, preferred core Reactor core is along the circumferential direction divided into six by module unit 6;When using fuel assembly structure 14, preferred pellet unit 6 Reactor core is along the circumferential direction divided into four.The 4 fastening section top of bar of gathering is provided with stop tab 2, for preventing Restraint assembly slips, the cooling fin 5 gathered the heat dissipation section surface of bar 4 and be provided with venetian blind type protrusion, for increasing radiating surface Product, it is described to gather 4 radiating segment of bar using heat-conducting type metal material or use heat-conducting type metal coating, for improving heat dissipation effect, The restraint assembly selects light-weight high-strength material processing preparation.
Above to a kind of expansion nuclear reactor provided by the present invention, it is described in detail, it is used herein A specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, and the above embodiments are only used to help understand Method and its core concept of the invention;At the same time, for those skilled in the art is having according to the thought of the present invention There will be changes in body embodiment and application range, in conclusion the content of the present specification should not be construed as to the present invention Limitation.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of expansion nuclear reactor, it is characterised in that: it includes pellet unit (6) and the exhibition of multiple radially cuttings Opening apparatus, hingedly, the multiple pellet unit (6) radially polymerize shape for pellet unit (6) bottom surface and reactor bottom (7) At reactor core, the expanding unit include it is multiple gather bar (4) and restraint assembly, it is described to gather bar (4) quantity and pellet unit (6) The identical and pellet unit (6) with corresponding position of quantity is fixedly linked, the multiple to gather bar (4) along reactor central axes to top Portion gathers the complete cylindrical body of composition, and described to gather for fastening section at the top of bar (4), the fastening section lower section is to gather dissipating for bar (4) Hot arc, the restraint assembly are located at and gather at bar (4) fastening section, and the restraint assembly gathers bar with each under buoyancy (4) be connected, make it is each gather closely connected between bar (4), realize pellet unit (6) polymerization, the restraint assembly weight The lower separation for realizing pellet unit (6) of power effect.
2. a kind of expansion nuclear reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to gather bar (4) fastening Section diameter is greater than radiating segment diameter.
3. a kind of expansion nuclear reactor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the restraint assembly be with The garter spring (3) of notch, the garter spring (3) are buoyancy garter spring.
4. a kind of expansion nuclear reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to gather bar (4) fastening Section is buoyancy tank (8) structure, provides upward buoyancy to gather bar (4).
5. a kind of expansion nuclear reactor according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the restraint assembly is separation Supporting mechanism, the separation supporting mechanism include weight (9) and support rod (10), and the weight (9) is located at buoyancy tank (8) inside configuration, support rod (10) quantity is identical as pellet unit (6) quantity, described support rod (10) one end and gravity Component (9) bottom surface is hinged, the other end and corresponding position to gather bar (4) middle section hinged.
6. a kind of expansion nuclear reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pellet unit (6) is Whole involucrum pellet (11) with common envelope or the independent involucrum pellet (12) for being respectively provided with independent involucrum.
7. a kind of expansion nuclear reactor described in -6 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to gather bar (4) tightly Gu section top is provided with stop tab (2).
8. a kind of expansion nuclear reactor described in -6 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described gather bar (4) dissipate Hot arc surface is provided with the cooling fin (5) of venetian blind type protrusion.
9. a kind of expansion nuclear reactor described in -6 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described gather bar (4) dissipate Hot arc is using heat-conducting type metal material or uses heat-conducting type metal coating.
10. a kind of expansion nuclear reactor described in -6 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pellet unit (6) Fuel uses the direct arrangement architecture of fuel element (13) or fuel assembly structure (14).
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112216409A (en) * 2020-09-07 2021-01-12 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 Reactor core, nuclear reactor and passive shutdown method of nuclear reactor

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CN112216409A (en) * 2020-09-07 2021-01-12 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 Reactor core, nuclear reactor and passive shutdown method of nuclear reactor
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