CN112214926B - Annular ultrasonic transducer with super-structured surface acoustic lens and optimal design method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an annular ultrasonic transducer with an ultra-structured surface acoustic lens and an optimal design method thereof, wherein the transducer comprises an acoustic lens with a central opening and an additional acoustic artificial structure, a matching layer, a piezoelectric wafer and a transducer base, all components are sequentially bonded together from top to bottom, and then a B ultrasonic probe is placed in the central hole; the acoustic artificial structure is a plurality of concentric ring grooves arranged on the radiation surface of the acoustic lens; the optimization method adopts a genetic algorithm, takes a radius period, a groove width and a groove depth as genetic genes, takes a radial sound pressure maximum value/a secondary large value as fitness, and takes the fitness as an optimization target at maximum. Compared with the traditional annular focusing acoustic lens type transducer without grooves, the invention can concentrate energy in a focus area, improve the safety and efficiency of treatment, reduce the electric power required by treatment, improve the maneuverability of ultrasonic treatment, simplify the design flow and steps, and consider the calculation accuracy and total time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an annular ultrasonic transducer with an ultra-structured surface acoustic lens and an optimal design method, and belongs to the field of medical instruments.
Background
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a well-established non-invasive treatment method for tumor therapy that can damage tumor tissue in the human body by the thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound. The prediction and real-time monitoring of the damaged area are the precondition for realizing safe treatment, for example, the damaged area is displayed by using a B-ultrasonic image. In practical treatment, a composite system of a B-ultrasonic probe and a HIFU treatment probe is often used for operation, and a specific structure is provided with a hole in the center of an annular focusing transducer for placing the B-ultrasonic probe. For an ultrasonic transducer, side lobes must exist in a focus area of a sound field due to diffraction effect, and reducing the side lobes is always a design target of various ultrasonic treatment probes, because the side lobes enable acoustic energy to be accumulated elsewhere, tissues outside a target treatment area are easily damaged, and particularly for a central hole ring probe, larger side lobes can be generated. In recent years, the use of an acoustic artificial structure to improve the focusing effect of a sound field has become a research direction, and it has been found that the use of such a structure can achieve the effect of enhancing focusing, for example, christensen et al obtain a structural surface acoustic wave after adding periodic modification to an acoustic rigid plate, and obtain an acoustic wave transmission enhancement and an acoustic collimation beam.
In addition, related patent publications are known about the design method of transducer by using the acoustic artificial structure. For example, chinese patent application No.: 201510816714.4, the application date is: the invention creates the name of 2015, 11, 23: according to the design method of the focusing acoustic lens, structural parameters of the groove are optimally designed through finite element simulation calculation, and the effect of inhibiting side lobes on a discontinuous frequency range is achieved. However, the design optimization method used in the application finds out the structural parameters by circularly enumerating all combinations, and the standard for finding out the effective parameters is that the peak frequency of the transmission spectrum meets the expected requirement. Such a method is time consuming, does not allow for both accuracy of the calculation and total time, and does not provide a design solution for the ring transducer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the following problems: 1. the problem that sidelobes of a sound field focus area of a traditional annular ultrasonic treatment probe are overlarge at present; therefore, a method for constructing a periodic groove structure on the surface of the transducer, reducing side lobes and increasing focusing gain through the acoustic collimation effect is provided, and simultaneously, higher focus sound intensity can be obtained. Existing super-focusing transducers apply such structures to spherical surfaces without a central aperture, rather than the ring transducer field. 2. The search algorithm used in the conventional parameter design requires too long time to be applied, and is difficult to be applied in practical situations, and the optimization algorithm needs to be changed to obtain the design scheme.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
In one aspect, the invention provides an annular ultrasonic transducer with a super-structured surface acoustic lens, the transducer comprises an acoustic lens, a matching layer, a piezoelectric wafer and a transducer base, wherein the acoustic lens, the matching layer, the piezoelectric wafer and the transducer base are sequentially bonded together from top to bottom, and probe equipment is arranged in the central opening.
Further, the acoustic lens is in a flat concave shape, and a plurality of concentric ring grooves with the radius distributed periodically are arranged on the concave surface of the acoustic lens.
Furthermore, the concentric ring grooves are distributed at equal intervals, the intervals are called as periods of radius, the circle centers of all the ring grooves are positioned on the axis of the acoustic lens, and the concentric ring grooves jointly form an acoustic artificial structure.
Further, the size of each groove is the same, the section is fan-shaped, and the radian of the opening of the groove and the radian of the bottom corresponding to the circle center of the circular ring are the same. By using the periodic grooves with specific dimensions, surface acoustic waves can be excited in the structure, and the effects of abnormal transmission of sound waves and diffraction inhibition are obtained, wherein the non-diffracted sound beam theory is applied to the design of ultrasonic focusing equipment.
Further, the probe device can adopt a B-ultrasonic probe.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an optimization design method for the annular ultrasonic transducer with the super-structured surface acoustic lens, which uses a genetic algorithm as an optimization algorithm, uses a radius period L, a groove width d and a groove depth h as genetic genes, uses the ratio of the maximum value of radial sound pressure to the maximum value of secondary sound pressure as fitness, and uses the maximum value of fitness as an optimization target; the specific optimization steps are as follows:
(1) Initializing fixed parameters of a transducer and a propagation medium, including the diameter of an inner ring, the diameter of an outer ring, the radius of curvature, the working frequency, the density and the sound velocity of the medium of the transducer, selecting an initial radius period, a groove width and a groove depth combination (L 0,d0,h0) according to the working frequency of the transducer, calculating the corresponding wavelength lambda of the frequency in the propagation medium through the known working frequency f 0 of the transducer, and according to the physical mechanism of the acoustic collimation effect, exciting a waveguide mode by the resonance of a Fabry-Perot (FP), wherein the frequency relation is as follows: f FP =n·c/2h (n=1, 2, 3.) represents the order of FP resonance, c is the speed of sound in the medium, and secondly, the frequency relationship in the surface resonance mode is: f SR =c/L, and the groove width is required to satisfy the sub-wavelength condition, so at the working frequency, a suitable groove depth h is λ, the period L is λ, and the width d is λ/2, so the initial values of the period L 0 and the depth h 0 are set to λ, and the initial value of the width d 0 is λ/2;
(2) According to the preset population scale, the radius period L, the groove width d and the groove depth h are selected respectively, wherein the range of L is (L 0-L0*50％,L0+L0 x 50%), the range of d is (d 0-d0*50％,d0+d0 x 50%), the range of h is (h 0-h0*50％,h0+h0 x 50%), the L, d and h are selected randomly for N times (N < 100), the value taking the upper and lower boundaries of the parameter range as the boundary and taking 1% of the initial value as the step length to take the value uniformly. Combining each group of selected (L, d, h) and other fixed parameters to obtain a complete group of transducer parameters, namely a living body;
(3) Calculating the corresponding sound field distribution according to the transducer parameters contained in each living body, extracting a sound pressure maximum value and a radial secondary large value from the data, and calculating the ratio of the radial sound pressure maximum value to the radial secondary large value as a fitness value;
(4) Obtaining the maximum fitness value of all life bodies in the population through comparison, taking out the corresponding life bodies, and selecting the maximum fitness value as the fitness value of the life body;
(5) Comparing the fitness value of the elite life body of the present generation with that of the elite life body of the father generation, if the fitness value of the elite life body of the present generation is larger, updating elite life body information, otherwise, reserving father elite life body information;
(6) Judging whether elite life body information has reached continuous M generations unchanged or has reached maximum evolution algebra; if so, ending the genetic selection; if not, continuing genetic selection;
(7) Selecting reserved life bodies by taking the ratio of a single life body fitness value in the total value of all life body fitness values of the whole population as a basis and combining the cross probability by a roulette algorithm;
(8) Based on the selected life bodies, randomly combining the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth to generate new life bodies, and finally keeping the population quantity consistent;
(9) Performing mutation operation on the newly formed population according to the mutation probability, wherein the selected life body subjected to mutation is required to randomly set the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth again;
(10) Returning to the sound field calculation generated by the transducer array of step (3), and gradually executing the subsequent genetic selection algorithm.
Further, finite element method can be used to calculate the sound field distribution. For each living body, the number of times of (L, d, h) value is not required to traverse the possibility under all step sizes, but a larger calculation number is used as a reference, when the calculation number is large enough, the obtained result approximates to the possible optimal value, and the genetic algorithm is considered to find the optimal solution, so that the processing mode can be used for considering the calculation accuracy and the total time.
Further, the radius period L ranges from (L 0-L0*50％,L0+L0 x 50%), the groove width d ranges from (d 0-d0*50％,d0+d0 x 50%), and the groove depth h ranges from (h 0-h0*50％,h0+h0 x 50%).
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) Compared with the traditional method for increasing the emission vibration element and processing the self-focusing piezoelectric wafer, the design method of the annular ultrasonic transducer with the super-structure surface acoustic lens has better main side lobe ratio and focusing gain.
(2) The design scheme utilizes a genetic algorithm, optimally designs the half-period L, the groove width d and the groove depth h, has the advantages of accurate calculation, accuracy and total time, and is convenient to implement.
In summary, compared with the traditional annular focusing acoustic lens type transducer without grooves, the invention can concentrate energy in a focus area, improve the safety and efficiency of treatment, reduce the electric power required by treatment, improve the maneuverability of ultrasonic treatment, simplify the design flow and steps, and consider the accuracy and total time of calculation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic cross-sectional view of an annular ultrasound transducer with a super-structured surface acoustic lens.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of simulation results obtained using a genetic algorithm, where (a) represents a transducer sound field before optimization and (b) represents a transducer sound field after optimization.
Fig. 3 is a comparison of radial sound pressure profiles before and after optimization.
FIG. 4 is a genetic algorithm optimization flow chart.
Marked in the figure as: 1-acoustic lens, 2-matching layer, 3-piezoelectric wafer, 4-transducer mount, 5-other devices filled in the central bore, such as a B-ultrasound probe.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
Embodiment one.
As shown in fig. 1, an annular ultrasonic transducer with a super-structured surface acoustic lens is formed by sequentially bonding an acoustic lens with an opening in the center and an acoustic artificial structure, a matching layer, a piezoelectric wafer and a transducer base from top to bottom, wherein other probe equipment such as a B-ultrasonic probe is placed in the center of the opening; the acoustic lens is in a flat concave shape, and a concentric ring groove structure with the radius distributed periodically is arranged on the concave surface. The focusing effect is achieved by driving a planar piezoelectric wafer.
Embodiment two.
In the first embodiment, a periodic annular groove structure is added to the concave surface of the acoustic lens, the parameters of the periodic annular groove structure are not fixed, the combination of different parameters corresponds to different sound field distributions, and how to determine an optimal design scheme is needed to be realized by adopting a numerical method. Compared with the method for listing all parameter combinations, the method for quickly searching the optimal value based on the genetic algorithm provided by the embodiment greatly reduces the calculation time, has better optimization results, and has the optimization effects shown in figures 2 and 3. In fig. 2, (a) and (b) are respectively focus domain sound field distribution before and after optimization, and positions of side lobes are in a dashed line frame in the drawing, further referring to a graph line at a line frame in fig. 3, it can be seen that the area and the relative intensity of the side lobes are reduced, and the optimization method of the scheme can better inhibit the side lobes. In the embodiment, the related parameters are taken as genetic genes, the sound field parameters are taken as adaptability to natural environment, and the optimal design is realized through multi-generation inheritance, variation and natural selection. Specifically, based on the optimization design of the genetic algorithm, in this embodiment, the period L, the width d and the depth h are taken as genetic genes, the ratio of the maximum radial sound pressure value to the maximum secondary value is taken as fitness, and the maximum fitness value is taken as an optimization target, and the specific optimization steps are as follows:
1. the fixed parameters of the transducer piezoelectric wafer and the propagation medium are initialized, including the diameter of the inner ring, the diameter of the outer ring, the curvature radius, the working frequency of the transducer, and the density and the sound velocity of the medium, and the parameters are not changed with the operation of the algorithm. The combination of initial radius period, groove width, and groove depth is selected (L 0,d0,h0) based on the operating frequency of the transducer. The corresponding wavelength lambda of the frequency in the propagation medium is calculated through the known working frequency f 0 of the transducer, and the frequency relation of the waveguide mode excited by the Fabry-Perot (FP) resonance is as follows according to the physical mechanism of the acoustic collimation effect: f FP =n·c/2h (n=1, 2, 3.) represents the order of FP resonance, c is the speed of sound in the medium, and secondly, the frequency relationship in the surface resonance mode is: f SR =c/L, and the groove width is required to satisfy the sub-wavelength condition, so that at the working frequency, a suitable groove depth h is λ, the period L is λ, and the width d is λ/2, so that the initial values of the period L 0 and the depth h 0 are set to λ, and the initial value of the width is λ/2.
2. According to the preset population scale, the radius period L, the groove width d and the groove depth h are selected respectively, wherein the range of L is (L 0-L0*50％,L0+L0 x 50%), the range of d is (d 0-d0*50％,d0+d0 x 50%), the range of h is (h 0-h0*50％,h0+h0 x 50%), the L, d and h are selected randomly for N times (N < 100), the value taking the upper and lower boundaries of the parameter range as the boundary and taking 1% of the initial value as the step length to take the value uniformly. Combining each group of selected (L, d, h) and other fixed parameters to obtain a complete group of transducer parameters, namely a living body;
3. And calculating the corresponding sound field distribution according to the transducer parameters contained in each living body, extracting a sound pressure maximum value and a radial sub-maximum value from the obtained sound field distribution, and calculating the radial sound pressure sub-maximum value/maximum value as a fitness value.
4. Comparing to obtain the maximum fitness value of all life bodies in the population, selecting the corresponding life body as elite life body, and extracting all parameters and fitness values of the elite life body independently.
5. And comparing the fitness value of the elite life body of the present generation with that of the elite life body of the father generation, if the fitness value of the elite life body of the present generation is larger, updating elite life body information, otherwise, reserving father elite life body information.
6. Judging whether elite life body information has reached continuous 5 generations unchanged (other continuous unchanged algebra can be selected as a judging basis according to requirements), or has reached the maximum evolution algebra. If so, ending the genetic selection; if not, continuing the genetic selection.
7. Selecting reserved life bodies by taking the ratio of a single life body fitness value in the total value of all life body fitness values of the whole population as a basis and combining the cross probability by using a roulette algorithm.
8. Based on the selected life bodies, the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth are randomly combined to generate new life bodies, and finally the population quantity is kept consistent.
9. And carrying out mutation operation on the newly formed population according to the mutation probability, and resetting the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth of the selected life body subjected to mutation.
10. Returning to the sound field calculation generated by the transducer array of the third step, and gradually executing the subsequent genetic selection algorithm.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above by way of illustration and not limitation, and the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the drawings in which the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, the structural mode and the embodiments similar to the technical scheme are not creatively designed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
The invention is not related in part to the same as or can be practiced with the prior art.
Claims (7)
1. An annular ultrasonic transducer with an ultra-structured surface acoustic lens is characterized by comprising an acoustic lens, a matching layer, a piezoelectric wafer and a transducer base, wherein the acoustic lens, the matching layer, the piezoelectric wafer and the transducer base are sequentially bonded together from top to bottom, and probe equipment is arranged in the central opening;
the annular ultrasonic transducer with the super-structured surface acoustic lens uses a genetic algorithm as an optimization algorithm, uses a radius period L, a groove width d and a groove depth h as genetic genes, uses the ratio of the maximum value of radial sound pressure to the secondary large value as fitness, and uses the maximum value of the fitness as an optimization target; the specific optimization steps are as follows:
(1) Initializing fixed parameters of a transducer and a propagation medium, selecting an initial radius period, a groove width and groove depth combination (L 0,d0,h0) according to the working frequency of the transducer, and calculating the corresponding wavelength lambda of the frequency in the propagation medium through the known working frequency f 0 of the transducer, wherein the initial values of the period L 0 and the depth h 0 are lambda, and the initial value of the width d 0 is lambda/2;
(2) According to the preset population scale, respectively selecting a radius period L, a groove width d and a groove depth h, and respectively carrying out N times of random selection on L, d and h, wherein N is less than 100, the value method takes the upper and lower boundaries of a parameter range as boundaries, and takes an initial value of 1% as a step length; combining each group of selected (L, d, h) and the fixed parameters set in the step (1) to obtain a group of complete transducer parameters, namely a living body;
(3) Calculating the corresponding sound field distribution according to the transducer parameters contained in each living body, extracting a sound pressure maximum value and a radial secondary large value from the data, and calculating the ratio of the radial sound pressure maximum value to the radial secondary large value as a fitness value;
(4) Obtaining the maximum fitness value of all life bodies in the population through comparison, taking out the corresponding life bodies, and selecting the maximum fitness value as the fitness value of the life body;
(5) Comparing the fitness value of the elite life body of the present generation with that of the elite life body of the father generation, if the fitness value of the elite life body of the present generation is larger, updating elite life body information, otherwise, reserving father elite life body information;
(6) Judging whether elite life body information has reached continuous M generations unchanged or has reached maximum evolution algebra; if so, ending the genetic selection; if not, continuing genetic selection;
(7) Selecting reserved life bodies by taking the ratio of a single life body fitness value in the total value of all life body fitness values of the whole population as a basis and combining the cross probability by a roulette algorithm;
(8) Based on the selected life bodies, randomly combining the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth to generate new life bodies, and finally keeping the population quantity consistent;
(9) Performing mutation operation on the newly formed population according to the mutation probability, wherein the selected life body subjected to mutation is required to randomly set the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth again;
(10) Returning to the sound field calculation generated by the transducer array of step (3), and gradually executing the subsequent genetic selection algorithm.
2. An annular ultrasound transducer with ultra-structured surface acoustic lens according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic lens is plano-concave and a number of concentric annular grooves of periodically distributed radius are provided on its concave surface.
3. An annular ultrasound transducer with an ultra-structured surface acoustic lens according to claim 2, wherein the concentric annular grooves are equally spaced and the spacing is the period of the radius, the centers of all annular grooves being located on the axis of the acoustic lens, the concentric annular grooves together forming an acoustic artificial structure.
4. An annular ultrasound transducer with an ultra-structured surface acoustic lens according to claim 3, wherein each groove has the same size and a sector-shaped cross section, and the opening and bottom of the groove have the same radian corresponding to the center of the circle.
5. An annular ultrasound transducer with a super structured surface acoustic lens as claimed in claim 1 wherein the probe device is a B-ultrasound probe.
6. An annular ultrasound transducer with an ultra-structured surface acoustic lens according to claim 1, wherein the sound field distribution is calculated using a finite element method.
7. An annular ultrasound transducer with a super structured surface acoustic lens according to claim 1, wherein the radius period L ranges from (L 0-L0*50％,L0+L0 x 50%), the groove width d ranges from (d 0-d0*50％,d0+d0 x 50%), and the groove depth h ranges from (h 0-h0*50％,h0+h0 x 50%).
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